27

TEST UNIVERSE

Tips & Tricks

 OMICRON Test Universe

Manual Version: TipsTricks.AE.6 - Year 2010

OMICRON electronics. All rights reserved.
This manual is a publication of OMICRON electronics GmbH.
All rights including translation reserved. Reproduction of any kind, e.g., photocopying, microfilming,
optical character recognition and/or storage in electronic data processing systems, requires the explicit
consent of OMICRON electronics. Reprinting, wholly or in part, is not permitted.
The product incomputeration, specifications, and technical data embodied in this manual represent the
technical status at the time of writing and are subject to change without prior notice.
We have done our best to ensure that the incomputeration given in this manual is useful, accurate and
entirely reliable. However, OMICRON electronics does not assume responsibility for any inaccuracies
which may be present.
The user is responsible for every application that makes use of an OMICRON product.
OMICRON electronics translates this manual from the source language English into a number of other
languages. Any translation of this manual is done for local requirements, and in the event of a dispute
between the English and a non-English version, the English version of this manual shall govern.

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 Table of Contents

Table of Contents

1 General Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
2 First Steps with OMICRON Test Universe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
2.1 Start Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
2.2 Basic "Front Panel" Testing: QuickCMC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
2.3 Generating Test Steps with State Sequencer and Ramping . . . . . . . . . . .9
2.4 Combining Test Modules in an OCC Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
2.5 Advanced Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
3 How to Simulate Circuit Breaker Contacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
4 How to Monitor all Binary Input States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
5 How to Manually Set Binary Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
6 How to Predefine Typical Channel Assignments for COMTRADE
Playback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
7 How to Test Transient Ground Fault Relays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
8 How to Get, Use and Modify a Relay-Specific PTL Template . . . . . . . . . .12
9 How to Test Differential Relays with Delta Interposing Transformers . . .12
10 How to Generate a Double Line-to-Ground Fault . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
11 Test Assessment Fails - Things to Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
11.1 Binary Inputs Operating Mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
12 How to Check if a Binary Input State has Temporarily Changed
("Glitch Detection") . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
13 How to Prevent CMC Switch-Off at High Output Currents due to
Overheating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
14 How to Duplicate or Rearrange OCC Entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

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OMICRON Test Universe

15 How to Reuse Custom Parameters in Multiple Test Modules with

Differing Test Object Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
16 How to Change the CMGPS Setup for External Use. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
17 How to Get Access to a Net-1 Test Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
18 How to Import Relay Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
19 How to Test Distance Relays with Constant Source Impedance
Simulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
20 How to Handle Test Report Settings (Forms) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
21 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

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 Tips & Tricks

1 General Remarks
This collection of tips and tricks is intended to address Test Universe novices as
well as experienced users.
Section 2 guides beginners through the first steps with Test Universe .
More experienced users will find useful hints in the other sections of this
collection.
This way, "Tips & Tricks" supplements the Help (functional description of the
Test Universe software) and the manuals (application examples using the
individual test modules).
The bookmarks in the left pane of your PDF reader provide an overview of the
available topics.

2 First Steps with OMICRON Test

Universe
Test Universe (TU) is the software suite for setup, execution and administration
of secondary system testing (e.g., relay testing) by means of one or several test
sets such as CMC 256 that generate the test signals and analyze the reaction
of the device under test.
These hints are intended for users not yet familiar with the general concept of
Test Universe. Please also have a look at the Tutorials (see entry on Start Page,
via installation from DVD) that give a live demonstration of some aspects of Test
Universe.

2.1 Start Page

The OMICRON Start Page is the central navigation interface when launching
Test Universe. Its tools cover all aspects from simple test shots to complex
and/or automated test sequences as well as the maintenance of test setups and
results.
The Test Modules section allows the individual launching of modules for
diverse test purposes, from generic ("virtual front panel") QuickCMC over
general (Ramping, State Sequencer) and dedicated (Overcurrent) to network
simulation.

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OMICRON Test Universe

CB Configuration controls the parameters of a process that may run in parallel

to ongoing tests. It simulates the behavior of a circuit breaker (timing of position
contacts 52a and 52b as resulting from Open or Close commands) using binary
inputs and outputs of the connected CMC.
The Control Center section allows the bundling of individual modules (as those
listed in the Test Modules section) to form complex test sequences. Besides
arranging modules as needed in a so-called Control Center Document
(*.occ file) from New Test Document you may directly use predefined test
arrangements defined for specific relay types using Open Protection Library.
These OCCs are open to further alterations as needed. This library is updated
on a regular basis, announced on the Web site and in the OMICRON News
window (see above).
The Test Administration section gives access to TestBase, a powerful test
administration software that can be ordered for free via the OMICRON Web site
Customer Area. Separate help for this tool is available from its user interface.
The Test Tools section contains further test-related applications that are to be
used in a stand-alone fashion as opposed to the modules under Test Modules
that can be included in Control Center documents. AuxDC allows setting the
voltage of the AuxDC output of adequately equipped devices (e.g. CMC 256).
In the Setup section you find all means to set up your working environment. With
the Test Set Association component you associate and configure your
OMICRON CMC test set(s) via Ethernet. Using the Ethernet interface, you can
put as many CMC test sets as you wish on the network and control them by even
geographically remote computers (clients). System Settings provides the
means for system-wide default settings. The License Manager combines the
functionality of a license browser, a merge tool and a license file editor. It
searches for OMICRON license files stored on the computer's hard disk(s) and
displays their contents. It merges license information from different files into the
master license file Omicron.lic. It furthermore allows to add license keys
manually. And Language Selection lets you change default language for the
Test Universe user interface.
The Support section offers access to the Help (describing the handling of the
software tools), the manuals (describing typical applications with examples),
OMICRON Assist for troubleshooting support, and more.
The Custom section might contain pre-configured entries for certain customers,
and is open for your own add-ons of external programs that you would like to
launch from this location. If interested please click the User-specific Tools link
to learn how this can be done.

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 Tips & Tricks

The header area contains links to OMICRON Web sites. Furthermore, if your
computer has access to the Internet and when an update to your current TU
software version is available, a related link will be shown underneath the version
indication allowing you to directly look up the related information on the Web
site.
But now some first steps for actual testing:

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OMICRON Test Universe

2.2 Basic "Front Panel" Testing: QuickCMC

Launch QuickCMC, the first entry under Test Modules. The module starts in
Direct Set mode, i.e., you can directly define the currents and voltages per
output. In other set modes you may define the quantities, e.g., as fault
impedance. Via the V I E W menu (or the related toolbar icons) you may display
an additional Vector view (allowing the representation of the electrical quantities
in various ways, e.g., symmetrical components, power, ) and/or an Impedance
view (e.g., for simple tests of distance relays).
For the overall TU philosophy it is essential to note that two setups should be
edited according to your needs: The Test Object parameters (from the
P A R A M E T E R S pull-down menu or via toolbar icon, see the ToolTip showing
when pointing at an icon) describing the device under test (DUT) (e.g., the
tripping zones of a distance relay which will show up in the Impedance view),
and the test equipment itself (P A R A M E T E R S | H A R D W A R E
C O N F I G U R A T I O N or the related toolbar icon) where you, for example, can
combine the 6 currents of a CMC 256 in various ways from generating
6 individual currents to generating just one current but with a much higher
magnitude and/or compliance voltage. Here you also set the definition and
routing of binary input and output signals (these are, for example, shown in the
Binary Inputs/Trigger section of the QuickCMC Test view). So, whenever you
use a module (QuickCMC or any other one), check the Test Object and
hardware settings prior to executing tests with the module.
Test Object - Hardware Configuration - Test Module
OMICRONs Ohms law ;-)
You will later see that this approach shows its full power when combining tests
in a Control Center document where you may do these definitions just once for
common usage in all modules.
For all details regarding the user interface and functions of QuickCMC please
make use of the Help function which also provides a link to a PDF manual
containing a detailed working example.
Take your time to explore all QuickCMC features: right-click the Test views
Analog outputs elements for default value setting; explore the abs/rel and
time/cycle display options; select the "Trigger" signal that should detect the
successful reaction of the DUT; mark "Switch off" under "On Trigger" if signal
output shall automatically stop at this trigger; use F8 to generate healthy voltage
prior to fault output; start (and possibly stop) the actual fault output with F5. If
you would like to add the test data to a test report, click F10 (check the Report
view for results). Saving the test module saves all settings (including hardware
and test object) plus all stored test results in one test file that can later be
reopened to view or be re-used for another test with similar settings.
Even step ramping and pulse ramping can be achieved with QuickCMC (see the
aforementioned documentation for details).

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 Tips & Tricks

2.3 Generating Test Steps with State Sequencer

and Ramping
Once you are familiar with QuickCMC and the OHM concept you may want to
try out State Sequencer. To put it simple, State Sequencer links a sequence of
QuickCMC-like shots (states) and tracks the reaction of the DUT. The transition
trigger from one step to the next can be individually set up, e.g., a fixed time
delay, a binary input signal (see the Trigger tab in Detail view). This module is
ideally suited for time measurements. For more details see its Help, also
including a link to the PDF manual with a dedicated application example.
Ramping and Pulse Ramping modules are best suited for threshold
determination. For more details see its Help, also including a link to the PDF
manual with dedicated application example.

2.4 Combining Test Modules in an OCC Document

Once you are familiar with the various test modules you may want to combine
several of them to a test sequence. This is done using the Control Center
features. On the Start Page, select New Test Document. The newly created
OCC document already contains a Test Object (TO) and a Hardware
Configuration (HWC) block to remind you that it is good practice to define these
settings in advance. Please open each and set them as needed for the test. You
may now insert test modules as needed via the pull-down menu I N S E R T |
T E S T M O D U L E . . . or the module icon bar (make it visible by clicking V I E W |
T E S T M O D U L E S T O O L B A R ). Note that all modules inherit settings from the
preceding TO and HWC. You may insert additional TO and/or HWC further
down the sequence, if required; they will apply to succeeding test modules. If
you deal with many modules in one document you may hierarchically structure
them using I N S E R T | G R O U P .
You may execute any module in the OCC (use the OCC as collection of
individual tests) or typically execute all contained modules in sequence for a
combined test. The right side shows the report section for each test module, so
the OCC file contains all test reports together with the test settings. You may add
text, graphics (e.g., your company logo) etc. in the report area; even Microsoft
Excel spreadsheets etc. for added information. Please see the Help for details.

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 OMICRON Test Universe

2.5 Advanced Features

One great advantage using a central TO in an OCC is that all modules can
access relay parameters from the TO by linking to them instead of using fixed
value settings (e.g., a ramping limit can be dynamically derived from a relay
parameter). This drastically reduces the maintenance effort when re-using an
OCC for relays with different settings. Look for "LinkToXRIO" in the Help index
for details of this great feature. The OCCs in the Protection Testing Library
make extensive use of this approach. It might be quite interesting to load a PTL
template (Open Protection Testing Library in the Control Center section of
the Start Page) as a working example and have a look at the Test Object
entries and at the links in the test modules to get an impression of the strength
of this approach.
For specialist applications with sophisticated scripting please have a look at the
Automation and CM Engine chapters in the Help.

3 How to Simulate Circuit Breaker

Contacts
Launch CB Configuration from the Start Page to set up the behavior of the
simulated contacts 52a and 52b, i.e., to simulate the timing of closed-position
and opened-position contacts of a circuit breaker (via binary CMC outputs)
reacting to Trip and Close commands (received via binary CMC inputs). By
default, Binary Input 1 is CB Trip and Binary Input 3 is CB Close, while
Binary Output 1 is CB 52a and Binary Output 2 is CB 52b (open the HWC from
CB Configuration for these settings).
Transmit the prepared setting and simulation initiation via the "Send CB
Parameters to CMC" toolbar icon. CB Configuration can now be closed. No
other test module or OCC needs to be open, the CMC does the CB simulation
all by itself until a Stop is transmitted (by clicking the above mentioned "Send CB
Parameters..." toolbar icon) from the newly launched CB Configuration, or when
the CMC is turned off.

4 How to Monitor all Binary Input

States
Use the test tools Binary I/O Monitor from the Start Page.

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 Tips & Tricks

5 How to Manually Set Binary Outputs

While you can activate binary outputs in QuickCMC, these are only activated as
long as the analog outputs are activated (i.e., F8 Prefault or F5 Outputs ON/
OFF). If you want the contacts to keep their state while continuing with other test
tasks, launch State Sequencer. It contains one default state, which is all we
need for this task. Set all voltages and currents to zero (right-click on the value,
select 'Zero' and then 'Equal magnitudes'). Select T E S T | L A T C H I N G B I N A R Y
O U T P U T S . Go to Detail view, Binary Out tab. Set the contact states as needed.
To transfer this state set, either click the "Start/continue test" toolbar icon or click
and release the "Static output" toolbar icon.
You may now close the module (possibly save it for later re-use) and work with
another test module or test document. The binary output states will stay as
selected until a test module redefines the states or the unit is switched off. The
same latching can of course be achieved in an automated fashion by including
such a single-state sequence in an OCC test document.

6 How to Predefine Typical Channel

Assignments for COMTRADE
Playback
Launch Advanced Transplay
Set up the Hardware Configuration
Save this "empty" Advanced Transplay file (*.tra)
Load this template file before importing a COMTRADE file. This gives you the
predefined assignment. Save under a new name.
Set up and save as many different template files as needed for your typical
setups.

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 OMICRON Test Universe

7 How to Test Transient Ground Fault

Relays
From the Start Page section Network Simulation launch the test module
Transient Ground Fault, and start the related Help. Note: This test module is
intended for isolated or compensated grid operation, only. These transient
ground fault relays typically signal the fault direction without the need to instantly
trip, and rely on the transient phenomena at fault incidence for their operation,
thus this dedicated module is required for these cases.

8 How to Get, Use and Modify a

Relay-Specific PTL Template
New versions are frequently added to be downloaded from the Customer Area
of our Web site www.omicron.at. Each template is accompanied by a detailed
description about its proper handling. Since these templates are "normal" OCC
files, they can be modified as needed by staff experienced with TO editing,
LinkToXRIO etc., e.g., to adapt test steps to your company testing philosophy.
Adding new test steps might be done best in a new subgroup in the OCC to
differentiate these entries from the parts delivered (and documented) by
OMICRON. Save the resulting OCC under a different name to be used as a new
template.

9 How to Test Differential Relays with

Delta Interposing Transformers
The interposing transformer can be seen as a part of the protection system and
therefore it is recommended to test it together with the relay. The CMC current
generators are internally Y-connected to the neutral.
So, for testing Differential relays using an interposing transformer and therefore
having delta circuits on their input side, it is recommended to test the relay as a
complete system together with the corresponding interposing transformer. In
general the interposing transformers use YD vector group, hence the question
of how to connect CMC is as well answered. That means, if you connect on the
Y side of the interposing you will have a starpoint available to connect the CMC
neutral to. The interposing transformer automatically takes care of the zero
sequence current elimination which is considered by the test module.
Just activate the "interposing transformer" option in the Advanced Differential
Test Object.

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 Tips & Tricks

10 How to Generate a Double

Line-to-Ground Fault
For this type of fault, several boundary conditions need to be defined for a proper
simulation. This is why two dedicated Test Cases (grid models) are available
within the NetSim test module for full modeling flexibility.

11 Test Assessment Fails - Things to

Check
11.1 Binary Inputs Operating Mode
Check if the connections to the binary inputs (e.g., the start and trip signals)
carry voltage or are driven by contacts, only. Make sure that in the
Hardware Configuration of the OCC (or of the stand-alone test module) the
binary inputs are set accordingly.
In the Protection Testing Library templates a Pause module at the beginning
of the template reminds the user to adapt this setting prior to the test.

12 How to Check if a Binary Input State

has Temporarily Changed ("Glitch
Detection")
Launch the Binary I/O Monitor in parallel to your test module (e.g. QuickCMC)
or Control Center document. It will display all binary inputs and outputs, taking
the signal names from the currently active test module. Select the "Indicate state
change" option. Any signal change will now be captured and indicated with a
double-arrow mark. Reset the marks by clicking Indicate state change twice.

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 OMICRON Test Universe

13 How to Prevent CMC Switch-Off at

High Output Currents due to
Overheating
In the Hardware Configuration you find a "Compliance Voltage" slider (click
the "Details" button on the General tab). If the DUT including the connecting
leads show a very low burden (e.g., modern digital relays), the driving voltage
for the current paths of the CMC causes high power loss inside the CMC leading
to high heat dissipation. This may cause the CMC to switch off due to
overheating if generating high currents for a long time. In this case you may
move the "Compliance Voltage" slider towards low burden/continuous duty
cycle. This reduces the driving voltage and thus the power loss and heating
inside the CMC. In case the compliance voltage level becomes too low (i.e., the
output currents will be distorted), the Overload indicators in the test module will
turn red for affected the current signals, giving you a feedback for acceptable
compliance voltage settings.
Note: Due to its different amplifier technology, this slider is not required if a
CMC 356 test set is connected.

14 How to Duplicate or Rearrange OCC

Entries
You can move or duplicate test modules in the left navigation area by
drag-and-drop. Click the module once to select it (possibly add a consecutive
range of adjoining modules by shift-clicking the test module at the other end of
the range), then click again and hold to drag the selected test module(s) to the
target location. If you do not want to move but duplicate, just hold the <Ctrl> key
while dragging and dropping (a plus sign will indicate the duplication).
Alternatively, you can use the (right-click) context menu options to cut/copy
items and paste them to another location.
This works for test modules as well as for TO or HWC.

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 Tips & Tricks

15 How to Reuse Custom Parameters in

Multiple Test Modules with Differing
Test Object Needs
Do not include multiple Test Objects in the OCC but include multiple RIO blocks
for the test modules in one common Test Object. From each test module select
the RIO block (activate) that is to control this module. In this way all custom
parameters defined in the TO are available to all modules although they have
individual RIO settings (e.g., differing impedance zone setups). Using several
Test Objects would result in duplication of the custom parameters - duplication
of user settings should be avoided due to awkward setting changes and
maintenance issues.

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 OMICRON Test Universe

16 How to Change the CMGPS Setup for

External Use
If you would like to prepare CMGPS as synchronized clock pulse source for
externally triggered devices, e.g., changing the pulse sequence from the default
of 1 pulse per minute, you can open State Sequencer from the Start Page. Open
the Hardware Configuration, select the IRIG-B & GPS tab and select "Trigger
via CMGPS". Click O K . Now open the Time Trigger Configuration dialog box
(from the P A R A M E T E R S pull-down menu click T I M E T R I G G E R
C O N F I G U R A T I O N or the satellite toolbar icon). Modify the GPS settings as
needed and click the "Save to Device" button to write them back to the
CMGPS device. It will remember these settings after disconnection and is ready
to be used as stand-alone device, generating the pulses as set up, e.g., via the
Pulse out 2 connectors.

17 How to Get Access to a Net-1 Test

Set
Test sets with the Net-1 option communicate with the computer via Ethernet.
This communication has to be properly set up, including the traffic through
firewalls in their path.

Firewall configuration
The Windows firewall included with Win XP Service Pack 2 and higher is
automatically configured during the installation of Test Universe if in the Setup
dialog box this option was selected accordingly.
If this was not done, it is possible to set the automatic configuration at a later
stage by selecting the "Allow OMICRON software to configure " option under
F I L E | P R E F E R E N C E S in the Test Set Association and Configuration tool.
For any other protection software, the service OMFind.exe must be allowed for
out- and inbound UDP traffic on port 4987.
In addition, the CMEngAL.exe must be permitted to use a DCOM connection
(bi-Directional COMmunication).
For more details please see the file Requirements.txt in the root folder of the
Test Universe installation DVD or the Support booklet (click Manuals on the
Test Universe Start Page).

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 Tips & Tricks

Troubleshooting
The CMC does not appear within the Test Set Association and
Configuration tool.
1. Check if the CMC is turned on.
2. Check the Ethernet connection.
3. Click the "Search" button in the Test Set Association and
Configuration tool.
4. Close all security programs such as the firewall and anti virus software
that may block the communication.
5. If the CMC still does not appear, and it is connected through a network,
connect it directly to the computer.
6. Click the "Search" button once again.
7. Press the black Association button on the rear side of the CMC test set
to reset the IP settings.
8. Click the "Search" button once again.
9. Power off the CMC test set.
10.Reset the CMC test set to factory default status by pressing the "!" and
the "Association" buttons on the rear side of the CMC test set while
powering it on.
11.Keep those two buttons pressed until you hear the relay clicking of the
hardware check.
The CMC appears in the Test Set Association and Configuration tool
but cannot be used
1. Check the "Status" column of the Test Set Association and Configuration
tool and perform the measure mentioned there.
2. Check if the IP settings of the CMC test set match the settings of the
computer by clicking the "IP Configuration" button.
3. Try to work with a static IP address.
4. Check the status mentioned within a module.
5. Create a communication log file.

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 OMICRON Test Universe

Communication log file

1. Connect the CMC test set to the mains and the computer, and power it up.
2. Start the Test Universe Start Page; close running test modules.
3. On the Start Page click Support | Calibration & Diagnosis | Logfile to
open the CM Engine Log Viewer.
4. Open the test module and proceed as usual until the error occurs.
5. Save the logfile with F I L E | S A V E or F I L E | S A V E A S . . .
6. Send the file to the OMICRON Technical Support.

18 How to Import Relay Settings

The most comfortable way to make the actual relay settings known to
Test Universe test modules is to import the settings from a file, e.g., a data file
generated by the relay settings program.
For selected tools, such as Siemens Digsi or AREVA MiCOM S1, or for generic
data import via XML data structure, so-called Import Filters can be used to copy
the settings from the settings file to the Test Object of the test module or of the
OCC test document.
The Customer Area at the OMICRON Web site www.omicron.at provides the
most recent selection of import filters for download.
It is important to remember that these filters copy relay settings to a predefined
parameter structure in the Custom XRIO section of the Test Object. Therefore,
you first have to create this relay-specific parameter structure, e.g., by loading
the XRIO converter into the Test Object or opening a PTL template that
contains this converter. With these parameter definitions in place the
Import relay settings... pull-down menu command is enabled,
allowing the selection of the import filter to fill the predefined parameters with
relay settings.
Test modules referencing these Test Object entries (e.g., via LinkToXRIO)
automatically adapt to the relay settings.

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 Tips & Tricks

19 How to Test Distance Relays with

Constant Source Impedance
Simulation
In the Advanced Distance teste, select "Constant Source Impedance" as Test
Model on the Settings tab to activate kind of a network simulation that properly
calculates all phase voltages and currents that result from the fault type and fault
impedance data for a specified infeed (source) impedance, with the source
being upstream of the assumed VTs and CTs (in backwards direction) and the
fault being downstream of the VTs and CTs.
This is especially helpful for testing relays that rely on voltages of the non-faulted
phases for close-up faults.
A common test is to find the zone boundaries in all 4 quadrants. The important
thing to notice is that with this arrangement the fault is always in forward
direction; so the lower left half of the R-X plane does not mean "fault in backward
direction".
Due to polarization (offset) effects, using the non-faulted voltages, the resulting
relay zones reach a little into (lower-left) quadrant 3 giving better forward
direction assessment margin.
To test the behavior with inversed feeding direction (with faults to be simulated
in backward direction), resulting in changed four-quadrant zone boundaries
typically excluding the origin, the best way is to insert a second
Advanced Distance module into the OCC test document (rename it to, for
example, "Backward Direction") and to reverse the current output polarity for this
module, e.g., by changing the "CT starpoint" setting in the RIO Distance block
of the associated Test Object.
To do so, add a second RIO Distance block to the OCC Test Object (you can
copy/paste the first block, thus preserving all other settings), change the
CT starpoint setting in this second block, and then open the Test Object from
each Advanced Distance module and set the related Distance block as "Active
Function" (right-click the block to open the context menu).
This way, each test module gets its Distance settings from a different block in
the same Test Object.
The advantage of inserting a second Distance block into one Test Object as
opposed to inserting a second individual Test Object is that all user-specific
settings (e.g., relay settings in an XRIO converter section) can easily be
changed and maintained since they only exist once: all related RIO Distance
parameters in both RIO blocks refer to the same Custom parameter, if you
choose to.

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 OMICRON Test Universe

Hence, the test report will contain the results of two Advanced Distance
modules; one showing the 4-quadrant characteristic for forward fault direction,
and the other one for backward fault direction.
NOTE: For proper automatic assessment, separately define those "polarized"
zone characteristics for forward and backward direction (in the related RIO
block) that differ from the "standard" (non-polarized) characteristic. If you want
to test the standard characteristic, do not use the "Constant Source Impedance"
model.

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 Tips & Tricks

20 How to Handle Test Report Settings

(Forms)
Click the Report command on the Parameters pull-down menu of any test
module to specify the details shown in the modules test report. By default, the
Report Settings dialog box provides two predefined test report templates:
"Short Form" and "Long Form". In case these two predefined report templates
do not match your needs, click the Define button.
In the Define Report Forms dialog box you can now either customize the
settings and then store them to redefine the "Short Form" or the "Long Form", or
you can click the Add button to save the changed settings to a new report
template with a name of your choice.
Up to this point these changes apply to the currently open test module file only.
They will be stored along with the file but will not be available to other newly
created or opened files.
If you want to keep the redefined form (either with the default name "Short Form"
or "Long Form", or with the new name you gave it), click the Set as Default
button. From now on you can assign this customized report template form to all
module reports.

Important to understand in this context:

If you assign a report template from the Report Form list, only the position of
this template within the Report Form list is stored to the test report file, not the
actual contents (as opposed to the definition described above).
The effect is:
If you open this test report file on another computer (lets call it computer "B")
that has a different definition at this particular list position than the source
computer (computer "A") - for example a "Short Form" that has previously
been redefined and stored with different in comparison to computer "A" -, you
will get a test report created according to the settings of the form definition of
computer "B", i.e., most likely different from the source system on computer
"A".
If you open this test report file on a computer "B" that does not provide this
position in the Report Form list (example: the test module file was assigned
a user-added report template form Form3 on the 3rd position in the Report
Form list of source computer "A", but the Report Form list of computer "B"
only contains the first 2 default forms), you will get a test report created
according to the first form definition in the of Report Form list of computer "B"
(e.g., "Short Form") - again different in comparison to computer "A".

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There are two ways to ensure that the representation of the test report on a
different computer "B" is identical to the one on the source computer "A":
1. If you need it for one or a few specific test reports only:
Click the Report command on the Parameters pull-down to open the Report
Settings dialog box. Click the Define button. Toggle any of the white
check boxes of your choice back and forth. This is interpreted as a "modified"
selection, and even though no real change was performed that way, it is now
treated as a local variant. If you now save the test module file, it will carry the
test report definition along with it.
2. If you want to use the same default report template definitions on the source
and on the target computer without having to touch the test module file, you
need to copy the template definition file(s) from the source computer "A" to
the target computer "B".
There is a template definition file for each test module, e.g., a file named
OMADist.TPVRep for Advanced Distance. The files are located at the
Documents and Settings folder, e.g.,
C:\Documents and Settings\username\Application
Data\Omicron\Test Universe\Report Settings\OMADist.TPVRep
Search for *.TPVRep to get a list of all template definition files.
Note that these files only exist for those modules whose default report form
definitions were changed (or extended) by the user. Copy these files to the
respective path on the target computer(s), and all test reports relating to
these forms will have the same look on all target systems without making the
settings local as in solution 1.
And, eventually, if you want to make a default report template form from a local
setting received with a test module file:
Click the Report command on the Parameters pull-down to open the Report
Settings dialog box. Click the Define button. Click the Add button, change
the templates name if you want to, and then click the Set as Default button. This
way is identical to the way to create or modify a form on your own.

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 Tips & Tricks

21 Glossary
DUT Device under test (e.g. relay)
HWC Hardware Configuration
OCC OMICRON Control Center document
OHM "OMICRONs Ohms law": the suggested setup sequence for
Test Object - Hardware Configuration - Test Module
PTL Protection Testing Library

TO Test Object

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 OMICRON Test Universe

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