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AISI-Specifications for the Design of Cold-Formed Wei-Wen Yu Center for Cold-Formed Steel
Steel Structural Members Structures

3-12-2013

Specification for the Design of Cold-formed Steel


Structural Members
American Iron and Steel Institute

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American Iron and Steel Institute, "Specification for the Design of Cold-formed Steel Structural Members" (2013). AISI-Specifications
for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members. 31.
http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/ccfss-aisi-spec/31

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AMERICAN IRON AND STEEL INSTITUTE ADDENDUM NO. 2
SPECIFICATION FOR THE DESIGN OF February 4, 1977
COLD-FORMED STEEL STRUCTURAL MEMBERS
1968 EDITION
The following modifications of the 1968 Edition of Thick, ASTM A588
the Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Structural Steel with 42,000 psi Minimum
Steel Structural Members were recommended by Yield Point (% in. Maximum Thickness), ASTM
the Advisory Group on the Specification for the A529
Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Members
and approved by AISI's Committee on Construc- 1.2.2 Other Steels
tion Codes and Standards on February 4, 1977. The ~ listing in Section 1.2.1 does not
Note: New material is underlined; deleted mater- exclude the use of steel up to and including one-
ial is crossed out. -hftlf- inch in thickness ordered or produced to
other than the listed specifications provided
Revise Section 1, General, of the 1968 Edition as such steel conforms to the chemical and mech-
follows, and delete Addendum No. 1 dated Novem- anical requirements of one of the listed specifi-
ber 19, 1970: cations or other published specifications which
1.1 Scope establishes its properties and suitability, and
This Specification shall apply to the design of provided it is subjected by either the producer
structural members cold formed to shape from or the purchaser to analyses, tests and other
carbon or low-alloy, sheet or strip steels steel controls to the extent and in the manner pre-
sheet, strip, plate or bar not more than one ii1ch scribed by one of the listed specifications.
in thickness and used for load-carrying purposes 1.3 Delivered Minimum Thickness
in buildings. It may also be used for structures
other than buildings provided appropriate allow- The uncoated minimum steel thickness of the
ances are made for dynamic effects. cold-formed product as delivered to the job site
shall not at any location be less than 95 per cent
1.2 Material of the thickness, t, used in its design; however,
1.2.1 General thicknesses may be less at bends, such as corners,
This Specification contemplates the use of due to cold-forming effects.
steel of structural quality as defined in general Modify Section 3.5, Web Crippling of Beams, of
by the provisions of the following specifications the 1968 Edition by making the following addition
of the American Society for Testing and Mater- to Section 3.5 (a) (2):
ials:
Flat Rolled Carbon Steel Sheets of Str1:1e (2) For reactions of interior supports or
tural Quality, 1\STM A246 for concentrated loads located any-
High Strength Low Alloy Cold Rolled Steel where on the span: For inside corner
Sheets and Strip, 1\STM ~A~374 radius equal to or less than the thick-
High Strength Low Alloy Hot Rolled Steel ness of sheet
Sheets and Strip, ASTM A376 Pill IIX = t" [305 + 2.30 ( N /t)
Steel Sheet, Zinc-coated (Galvanized) by - 0.009 (N/t) (h/t)
the Hot-Dip Process, Structural (Physical) - 0.5 (h/t) J
Quality, ASTM A446 X [1.22- 0.22 (F,,/33)]
Hot-Rolled Carbon Steel Sheet and Strip, X (F) /33)
Structural Quality, ASTM A570 For other corner radii up to 4t, the
Steel Sheet and Strip, Hot-Rolled and Cold- value P""" given by the above formula
Rolled, High Strength, Low Alloy, with Improved is to be multiplied by
Corrosion Resistance, ASTM A606 ( 1.06 - 0.06 R/t)
Steel Sheet and Strip, Hot-Rolled and Cold- In the presence of a moment larger
Rolled, High Strength, Low Alloy Columbium than 0.3 Mill"" the allowable concen-
and/or Vanadium, ASTM A607 trated load or reaction must be multi-
Steel, Cold-Rolled Sheet, Carbon, Struc- plied by the reduction factor
tural, ASTM A611 1.3- M/MiliiiX
Structural Steel, ASTM A36
High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel, Add the following dejiuitions:
ASTM A242 M = applied bending moment, at or
High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Man- immediately adjacent toP, kip- in.
ganese Vanadium Steel, ASTM A441 Mm,, = allowable bending moment permitted if
High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Va- - - bending stress only exists, kip - in.
nadium Steels of Structural Quality, ASTM A572
High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel
with 50,000 psi Minimum Yield Point to 4 in. Copyright American Iron and Steel Institute 1977
COMMENTS ON ADDENDUM NO. 2 All thickness measurements should obtain the base
steel thickness exclusive of coatings.
These comments are intended to explain the revi- The responsibility of meeting this requirement is
sions in the Specification and are not considered clearly that of the manufacturer of the cold-
part of the Specification. formed product, not the steel producer.

1.1 Scope Section 3.5 Web Crippling of Beams


The 1968 edition of the Specification included Concentrated loads or reactions, applied over short
steels up to % in. in thickness. Research'" ini- lengths, produce distortions of the compression
tiated in 1971 at the University of Missouri-Rolla flanges as well as the webs of beams. Tests re-
verified the applicability of the design provisions ported by Baehre 3 , and Ratliff, indicate that these
to members cold formed from steel up to one inch concentrated loads also reduce the capacity of
in thickness. beams to resist bending.
The reduction factor for combined bearing and
1.2 Material
bending which is added in Addendum No. 2 is
identical to a provision in a Swedish Specification 5
The listing of ASTM Specifications has been also described by Baehre 3 This factor is based on
expanded to include plate and bar specifications 151 tests of corrugated-sheet beams. Ratliff con-
corresponding to the increase in thickness maxi- firmed the validity of the factor with 9 tests of C
mum. Also, ASTM Specifications A245, 37 4 and sections.
375 have been dropped and A606, 607 and 611 The interaction formula for combined bearing and
added. These three latter steels were included in bending is applicable only to single unreinforced
Addendum No. 1. webs such as C- and Z-sections, deck webs, and
the like. The limited information now available
1.3 Delivered Minimum Thickness on reinforced webs indicates that they are not as
vulnerable to bearing-bending interaction as un-
Sheet and strip steels, both coated and uncoated, reinforced webs.
may, in most cases, be ordered to nominal or min-
imum thickness. If the steel is ordered to minimum 'Yu, Wei-Wen, Liu, Victor A.S., and McKinney,
thickness, all thickness tolerances are over ( +) William M., "Structural Behavior of Thick Cold-
and nothing under (-) . If the steel is ordered to Formed Steel Members," Journal of the Struc-
nominal thickness, the thickness tolerances are tural Division, ASCE, Vol. 100, No. STll, Proc.
divided equally between over ( +) and under (-). Paper 10907, November, 1974, pp. 2191-2204.
Therefore, in order to provide some equity between ' McKinney, William M., Liu, Victor Ai-Shen, and
the two methods of ordering sheet and strip steel Yu, Wei-Wen, "Study of Cold-Formed Steel
in keeping with the past philosophy of the cold- Structural Members Made of Thick Sheets and
formed steel specification, it was decided to require Plates", Final Report, Civil Engineering Study
that the delivered thickness of the cold-formed 75-1 Structural Series, April, 1975, A Research
product be at least 95 percent of the design thick- Project Sponsored by American Iron and Steel
)>
ness. Thus, it is apparent that a portion of the Institute, Department of Civil Engineering, Uni-
versity of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Missouri. (/)
factor of safety may be considered to cover minor
negative thickness tolerances. 'Baehre, R., "Sheet Metal Panels for Use in Build- 0')
.......
Measurements of thickness should be taken at loca- ing Construction-Recent Research Projects in ......
)>
tions so as to be an indication of the gross strength Sweden", Proceedings of the Third International I
of the product. Generally, thickness measurements Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Struc- .......
should be made in the center of flanges. For deck- tures, Department of Civil Engineering, Univer- .......
.......
ing and siding, measurements should be made as sity of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Missouri 65401, I
......
close as practical to the center of the first full flat November 24-25, 1975, pp. 383 .. 455. 01
on each edge of the sheet. In any case, thickness
'Ratliff, G. D., Jr., "Interaction of Concentrated
s::
I

measurements should not be made closer to edges r


Loads and Bending in C-Shaped Beams," Pro- "0
than the minimum distances specified in ASTM
ceedings of the Third International SpecTaiTY
A568. These minimum distances are :Y1 in. for mill
Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures,
edges of hot-rolled sheet; and :01 in. for cut edges
Department of Civil Engineering, University of
of hot-rolled sheet, for side edges of cold-rolled
Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Missouri 65401, Novem-
sheet and hot-dipped galvanized sheet, and for
ber 24-25, 1975, pp. 337-356.
edges of strip 1 in. or more in width. Thickness
measurement equipment should be designed to ' Tunnplakskonstruktioner, Godkannanderegler
prevent indentation of the sheet. If micrometers nr. 3. Swedish Specification for design of thin-
are used, they should be equipped with flat anvils walled cold formed structural members. The
and ratchet stops or other friction-limiting devices. national Swedish Board of Urban Planning, 1975.

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