Articulations

and
Body Movement
Structure Classification
of Joints
Synovial joints
Not directly joined. The bones have a synovial cavity and are united by
the dense irregular connective tissue that forms the articular capsule that
is normally associated with accessory ligaments.
Cartilaginous joints
Joints connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage. They allow more
movement than fibrous joints but less than synovial joints.
Fibrous joints
Fixed or immobile joints that are connected by dense, tough connective
tissue that is rich in collagen fibers.
Functional Classification
of Joints
Amphi Arthrosis
a slightly movable joint, such as the pubic symphysis or an intervertebral
cartilaginous joint.
Diarthrosis Joint
A joint that can move freely in various planes.

They allow a great deal of movement

Example: elbows, knees, and shoulders

Synarthrosis function(Immovable joint)
Fixed joints that allow little or no movement.
The articular surfaces are joined by tough fibrous tissue.
Provide for a strong union between the articulating bones and protect internal organ.
Example : The fibrous joints between the bones of the skull that surround and protect the brain
Types of synovial
joints
Types of Synovial Joints
1. Planar Joint
2. Hinge Joint
3. Pivot Joint - The rounded end of the bone allows pivot joint to rotational
movement. Uniaxial
4. Condyloid Joint - Biaxial, have an irregular surface where the bones move
past one another
5. Saddle Joints : Biaxial, characterized by two bones that fit together, allows
bending motion in several directions without sliding.
6. Ball-and-socket joints : Multiaxial, allow highest freedom of movement,
bending in several directions without slipping, creating highly stable, strong
joint. Ex: shoulder and hip
Hinge Joint

Hinge joints
Cylindrical projections of one bone fits into a trough-shaped surface on another
Motion is along a single plane (like a mechanical hinge)
Uniaxial joints permit flexion and extension only
Examples: elbow and interphalangeal joints
Planar Joint

Plane Joint
Articular surfaces are essentially flat
Allow only slipping or gliding movements
Only examples of nonaxial joints
E.g. intercarpal/intertarsal joints
E.g. vertebral articular processes
Non-axial joints
Slipping movement only, no axis around which movement can occur.

no movement in any plane

Example: Gliding joints

Uniaxial joints
A synovial joint in which movement is only in one axis
Example: Pivot joint and Hinge joint
Biaxial Synovial Joint
Movement in two planes.
Occuring around 2 axes at right angles to each other
Example : Saddle and condyloid joints.
Multiaxial Synovial Joint
Occur around several axes
Movement in or around all three planes of space and axes.
Examples: ball and socket joints.