Workbook05 Sec4-1 PDF

The Audi Way
Participants Workbook
Section 4: Audi Advantages
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Audi Advantages
Table of Contents
Engines....................................................................................4-1
Transmissions.......................................................................4-18
Drivetrains.............................................................................4-26
Safety.....................................................................................4-46
Details of Distinction ...........................................................4-59
The Audi Way Participants Workbook

Audi Advantages
Engines Workstation
In this workstation you will explore some of the basics of how engines make
power, how that power can be increased and some specifics about what
makes the latest Audi engines so powerful.
Introduction
Engines breath taking in and exhausting air; they also digest
extracting energy from fuel and air
Essentials for combustion: ______________ , _____________ , _______________
Too much air = a ____________________ mixture (it won't burn well, if at all)
Too much fuel = a ____________________ mixture (makes for dirty
combustion, poor fuel economy, or no combustion at all)
Ideal air/fuel mixture 14.7:1
14.7 parts air to 1 part fuel, also called the ____________________ ratio
Getting the right mixture

Objective: Create the ideal mixture of Air (white jelly beans) and fuel (red jelly
beans)
1. Place small empty container on scale and zero the scale
2. Measure 14.7 ounces of white jelly beans (air) into the container on scale
3. Add exactly one more ounce of red jelly beans (fuel) to the mixture
4. Take the container back to the workstation. (Soon you will be prompted
to shake it to achieve a homogeneous mixture.)
Making more power
Air and fuel are only the start. Making more power is possible through
various other measures:
Greater power per firing interval (bigger bangs in the cylinder)
Increasing engine speed with more frequent firing intervals (more
frequent bangs)
Higher ____________________ratio
Audis 3.2 FSI V6 has the industrys highest compression ratio at _________
Turbocharging force feeds the engine extra air and fuel for more power
using waste energy in the exhaust gas. But its extra power is not quite free.
Turbocharging has one downside, compression __________ the incoming air
The Audi Way 4-1 Participants Workbook

Audi Advantages
Engines Workstation, continued

Stop
DVD Compression, heat and intercooling
1. Use the tire pump to pump against resistance for approximately 2 minutes,
Pump vigorously; use the full stroke of the pump!
2. Feel the lower end of the pump cylinder. Is it warm or cool? _____________
3. Use the tapered nozzle to lightly inflate the balloon, and tie the end.
4. Take the inflated balloon back to the workstation. (Soon you will be prompted to
put the inflated balloon in the refrigerator.)
Start Interim review

DVD
Air + Fuel + Spark = Combustion, but the right mix is essential

More power is possible
With a higher __________________________ratio
By increasing engine speed
With more air and fuel in each intake cycle (including turbocharging)
Stop
DVD Measuring test results
Retrieve the balloon from the refrigerator. How has it changed?
The diameter is ______________
This change means that the air in the balloon is __________ dense.
When air is more dense, a greater amount of air can be fed into the engine's
combustion cylinder to create more powerful combustion
Start
DVD FSI Fuel Straight Injection
The new 2.0T FSI engine will be used on the _________ and _________ models
The tumbling of the incoming air promotes good mixing of the air and fuel.
Fuel injected directly in the cylinder provides a _____________________________ effect.

Lowers the temperature reduces the chance of knocking
Leads to cleaner combustion Enables a very high compression ratio
The 2.0T engine achieves a remarkable _______ horsepower per liter
FSI engines for the road were proven on the race track in the Audi _________
Stop
DVD Wrap-up and additional resources
Several articles are included in the Resource Pocket of the Kiosk. Divide these
articles among your team members and answer the following questions:
1. What engine does Car and Driver editor Csaba Csere

call a showcase for modern engine technology? ________________________
2 With four valves, a spark plug and the direct injector, the cylinder head of
an Audi FSI engine is crowded. As a result, this marks a necessary
departure from Audis pioneering _________________ engine design.
3. Technology aside, what feature of Audis 4.2-liter
V8 do the editors at Wards especially love? _____________________________

Audi Advantages
Engine Availability
Model Year
Model Engine HP 2005 2005.5/2006
A3 2.0T 200 X
A4all bodystyles 1.8 T 170 X
2.0T 200 X
3.0 220 X
3.2 255 X
S4all bodystyles 4.2 340 X X
A6 3.2 and 4.2 3.2 255 X X
4.2 335 X X
A6 Avant 3.0 220 X 2.0T
new
3.2 250 X
A3, A4
allroad quattro 2.7 T 250 X
4.2 300 X
A8all models 4.2 335 X X
6.0 450 X X
TT Coupe/TT Roadster 1.8 T 180 X X
1.8 T 225 X X 3.2 V6
3.2 250 X X new
A4, A6
Major Features
Multi-valve technology; 5 or 4 per cylinder
Relatively high compression ratio
Turbocharging
Variable valve timing
Variable intake path geometry
4.2L V8
Electronic engine management S4, allroad
New engine applications: FSI direct gasoline injection quattro
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_____________________________________________________ 4.2L V8
A8/A8 L

Audi Advantages
A3 Engine (from 2006)
A3 2.0T Four Cylinder
Features of Note

200 @ 5100-6000
2.0-liter inline 4-cylinder
FSIFuel Straight Injection 207 @ 1800-5000
4-valves per cylinder
Dual overhead camshafts
(DOHC)
Turbocharged and intercooled
Variable intake valve timing
10.5:1 compression ratio;
HP
highest in any production
Torque
turbo engine
Aluminum head, iron block
Balancer shafts
Transverse mounting
TT Engines
TT 1.8 T 180 HP Four Cylinder
Features of Note
180 @ 5500
Dual overhead 173 @ 1950-4700
camshafts (DOHC)
Turbocharged and
intercooled
Relatively high
compression ratio
HP
(9.5:1)
Torque
Electronic turbo boost
regulation
Transverse mounting

Audi Advantages
TT Engines continued
TT 1.8 T 225 HP Four Cylinder

Features of Note
225 @ 5900
5-valves per cylinder 207 @ 2200-5500
Dual overhead
camshafts (DOHC)

Turbocharged with two
sequential intercoolers
Relatively high
compression ratio HP
(9.0:1) Torque
Electronic turbo boost
regulation
Transverse mounting
TT 3.2-liter V6
Features of Note 250 @ 6300

3.2-liter narrow-angle 236 @ 2800-3200
(15O) V6
(DOHC)
High compression ratio
(11.3:1)
Variable intake and exhaust HP
valve timing Torque
Variable intake manifold
Transverse mounting

Audi Advantages
A4 Engines (through 2005)
A4 1.8 T Four Cylinder

Features of Note

170 @ 5900
166 @ 1950-5000
(DOHC)
Relatively high compression
ratio (9.3:1)

HP
Aluminum head, iron block Torque
Longitudinal mounting
A4 3.0-liter V6
Features of Note
3.0-liter 90O V6 220 @ 6300
5-valves per cylinder 221 @ 3200
(DOHC)
Variable intake and exhaust
valve timing
High compression ratio HP
Torque
(10.1:1)
Aluminum heads and block

Audi Advantages
A4 Engines (from 2005.5 and 2006)
A4 2.0T FSI Four Cylinder
Features of Note
2.0-liter inline 4-cylinder 200 @ 51006000
FSIFuel Straight Injection 207 @ 1800-5000
(DOHC)
Variable intake/exhaust timing
10.5:1 Compression ratio,
HP
highest in any production Torque
turbo engine
Aluminum head, iron block
Balancer shafts
A4 3.2 FSI V6
Features of Note
3.1-liter (3123cc) 90O V6 255 @ 6500
FSIFuel Straight Injection 243 @ 3250
(DOHC)
12.5:1 compression ratio, the
highest of any production HP
gasoline engine Torque
Balancer shaft

Audi Advantages
S4 Engine
S4 4.2-liter V8
Features of Note
4.2-liter 90O V8 340 @ 7000
Dual overhead camshafts 302 @ 3500
(DOHC), chain driven at rear

Variable intake manifold,
two stage
(11.0:1)
HP
Aluminum head and block Torque
Ultra-compact chain and
accessory drives
A6 Avant Engine (through 2005)
A6 Avant 3.0-liter V6
Features of Note
220 @ 6300
3.0-liter 90O V6
221 @ 3600

(DOHC)

valve timing


Torque
(10.1:1)



Audi Advantages
A6 Sedan Engines (from 2005)
A6 3.2 FSI V6
Features of Note
3.1-liter (3123cc) 90O V6 255 @ 6500
FSIFuel Straight Injection 243 @ 3250
(DOHC)
12.5:1 compression ratio,
the highest of any production HP
gasoline engine Torque
Balancer shaft
A6 4.2-liter V8
Features of Note

4.2-liter 90O V8 335 @ 6600
Dual overhead camshafts 309 @ 3500
two stage
(11.0:1)
Aluminum head and block HP
Torque
Ultra-compact chain and
accessory drives

Audi Advantages
allroad quattro Engines
allroad quattro 2.7 T V6

Features of Note
2.7-liter 90O V6 250 @ 5800
Dual overhead camshafts 258 @ 1850-3600
(DOHC)
Twin turbocharges and
intercoolers (bi-turbo)
Coordinated electronic
torque control HP
Relatively high compression Torque
ratio (9.3:1)
allroad quattro 4.2-liter V8
Features of Note
300 @ 6200
4.2-liter 90O V8
5-valves per cylinder 280 @ 2700-4600
two stage
HP
(11.0:1) Torque

Audi Advantages
A8 L Engines
A8 and A8 L 4.2-liter V8
Features of Note 335 @ 6500
O
4.2-liter 90 V8 317 @ 3500
(DOHC), belt driven at front
valve timing
two stage
Torque
(11.0:1)
A8 L W12
Features of Note 450 @ 6200*
6.0-liter W12 two 15O V6 426 @ 4000-4600*
banks joined at a 72O angle
(DOHC)
Continuously variable intake
and exhaust valve timing
(11.0:1) HP
Torque

Dry sump oil system *Preliminary specifications

Audi Advantages
Audi Engines: Turbocharging
Audi Pioneered Modern Turbocharging

Emphasis on low and mid-range performanceoptimized for North America
Uses exhaust gas to pressurize intake charge
Small diameter turbo, low inertia, quick spool-up = no turbo lag
Intercooled for dense mixture and maximum power
Applications: A3: A4 1.8 T Sedan, Avant and Cabriolet; A4 2.0T Sedan, Avant and
Cabriolet; TT 180 and 225; allroad quattro 2.7 T
Dual turbos on 2.7 T bi-turbo
Air Intercooling Greatly Improves Turbocharging

Turbocharger(s) compress air.
Compression causes air temperature to rise steeply.
Warmer air has lower density, less oxygen.
Air passes through charge air intercooler, density increases again,
increasing total oxygen in the intake air charge.
More oxygen = better combustion.
Lower air temperature also reduces any tendency to knock.
Benefits
Great performance and economy
Unusually good low- and mid-range response
Very tunable engines popular with enthusiasts.

Audi Advantages
Audi Engines: FSI

Attributes
Ideal fuel and air mixture in the combustion chamber
Precision control of the injected fuel
Very high compression ratio is possible due to the cooling effect of fuel
injected directly into the cylinder
High compression ratio produces
more power
Efficient combustion resists knocking
Combustion process is cleaner and
more complete
Race-proven Audi technology
applied to production cars
Benefits
Great power due to more efficient
use of fuel
Improved fuel economy
Reduced exhaust emissions
Originally proven in the Le Mans-winning R8 race

cars and now applied to production engines.
Both the 2.0T and the new 3.2 V6 benefit

from the advanced FSI technology. In the case of the 2.0T, the added
advantage of turbocharging helps an engine of modest displacement
achieve the benchmark of 100 horsepower per liter.
The 2.0T is the worlds first turbocharged, direct-injection gasoline engine

available in a production car
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Audi Advantages
Audi Engines: Torque-Tuned Designs
Attributes
Power is developed at uncommonly low rpm and continues through to the
upper mid-range
Characterized by a relatively flat torque curve
Engine response is more linear throughout the power band instead
of being developed in a narrow, peaky region typically at high rpm
Benefits
Powerful low and mid-range throttle response
Good acceleration and passing power, often without the need to
downshift to stay in the power range
Allows either an enthusiastic or relaxed driving style
Great for everyday and sports driving, yet it doesnt demand to be
driven hard to enjoy the benefits
255 @ 6500 340 @ 7000

200 @ 51006000
243 @ 3250
207 @ 1800-5000 302 @ 3500
HP HP HP
Torque Torque Torque
A4 2.0T A6 3.2 S4 4.2
Reading the curve

A skilled engineer can read a torque curve and predict an engines
behavior and response. Typical Audi engines have broad, flat torque curves
(dashed lines). This assures a broad power band and a linear feel of power
delivery. The broader and flatter the torque curve, the wider the engines
power band exactly the kind of response clients want.

Audi Advantages
Audi Engines: Intake Manifold Technology
Attributes
Multi-path intake design for high velocity air flow at all speeds
Long, narrower intake passage at low RPM for high velocity despite
lower total air volume
Short, large cross section intake passage at high RPM for high velocity
and high volume
The best of two worlds, not possible with a conventional single-stage

manifold
Benefits
Low-end torque and high-end horsepower from the same engine.
Audi Engines: Valve Adjustment Technology

Attributes
Variable Intake Valve Timing
Intake: ability to advance or retard intake valve opening timing.
Closing early at low rpm provides high torque, low emissions,
improved mpg.
Closing late at high rpm provides increased horsepower.
Variable Intake and Exhaust Valve Timing

Intake: Continuous range of advance/retard timing.
Exhaust: 2-stage advance/retard.
Idle: intake opens/closes very late, exhaust opens/closes early.
Smooth idle, low emissions.
Maximum Power: intake opens/closes earlier, exhaust opens/closes
late. Increased power, dynamic air charging.
Maximum Torque: intake opens/closes even earlier, exhaust opens/closes
late. Best volumetric efficiency.
Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR): Intake opens/closes earliest, exhaust
opens/closes late. Maximum valve overlap (open simultaneously) to re-
burn exhaust gas.
Benefits
Combines the top-end power of a high-revving race-type engine with the
low-end response, fuel economy and reduced emissions of a mildly- tuned
engine two types of engine in one.

Audi Advantages
Audi Engine Overview: 20052006
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Audi Advantages
Audi Engine Overview: 20052006
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Audi Advantages
Transmission Workstation
In this Workstation you will learn the principles of multitronic CVT operation
and understand the complexities that the Direct Shift Gearbox so
successfully masters.
Start
DVD Introduction
In most market segments, automatics represent ________________% of sales.
The number of speeds in an automatic transmission has steadily___________
How many speeds did your childhood bike have? _________________________
And how many on your new bike, or your kids? ___________________________
More speeds can be better for____________________________________________,
_____________________________________ , _____________________________________
Start
DVD Meet the multitronic
multitronic is the only transmission able to provide both an unusually wide
range of gear ratios and the nearly infinite ability to choose the ideal ratio
for any given circumstance automatically, continuously and seamlessly
The way the multitronic shifts from a large/small pulley combination to a
small/large pairing and anywhere in between resembles shifting a bike
Just as important as the extremes of high and low gears, the multitronic
can also select from any ratio in between. The benefits are: seamless
shifts, better fuel economy, and the ability to adapt to varied driving
styles.
Automobile Magazine named the multitronic 2002 Technology of the Year

What was Automobile Magazines 2005 Technology of the Year? ___________
The Direct Shift Gearbox is like two 3-speed gearboxes in parallel. They
hand power back and forth, taking turns engaging and disengaging gears
One gearbox has _____, _____ and _____; the other has _____, _____, and _____
While the first gearbox is driving, the second preselects the next gear up
or down and is ready for a near-instantaneous hand-off.

Audi Advantage
Transmission Workstation
Stop
DVD The Human DSG
The DSG has a very complex set of tasks. Can your Team can duplicate them?
One set of knobs represents gears 1, 3, 5; the other represents 2, 4, 6
The black knobs each represent a clutch
One team member operates first, third and fifth gears, and one clutch
Another team member operates second, fourth and sixth, and one clutch
A third team member directs shifting, telling the gearboxes when to shift
Rules of the Road:
A gear is selected when its ball is picked up, disengaged when set down
A clutch is engaged (drive) when its ball is picked up, disengaged (neutral)
when set down
Procedure:
From a stop, Gearbox 1 (1st, 3rd, 5th) selects First gear, clutch not engaged
Gearbox 2 (2nd, 4th, 6th) waits, no gears engaged, clutch not engaged
When shift director says Start,, Gearbox 1 engages the clutch for drive,
Gearbox 2 then selects Second, but does not engage clutch.
Shift director says Shift: Gearbox 1 releases clutch (neutral) as Gearbox 2
simultaneously engages clutch (drive). Gearbox 1 then disengages First,
engages Third but keeps clutch disengaged
Shift director says Shift: Gearbox 2 releases clutch (neutral) as Gearbox 1
simultaneously engages clutch (drive). Gearbox 2 then disengages Second,
engages Fourth, but keeps clutch disengaged
Process continues up to sixth gear, then back down to First
Start
DVD DSG capabilities and comparisons
Could your Team master the speed and coordination of the DSG? _________
DSG has a racing heritage, but is built with state of the art electronics
Lightning-fast shifts (0.0080.015 seconds); no interruption in power flow
Stop
DVD Wrap-up and additional resources
Read the material in the Resource pocket and answer these questions:
Which other brand and model has something like the DSG? _______________
How many different kinds of automatic transmission does Audi offer? _____

Audi Advantages
Transmissions
A history of transmission innovations

Tiptronic: Audi was the first mass manufacturer to offer this do-it-
yourself shifting capability on every automatic transmission in its range
multitronicTM: Audi was the first company to introduce a continuously
variable automatic transmission in the luxury class
Direct Shift Gearbox: Audi is again a pioneer and industry benchmark
with the introduction of seamless shifting in either automatic or manual
with a relatively simple, light-weight automatic transmission
Six-speed automatic: While other sports cars made do with five-speed
automatics, Audis TT models were the first in their class to offer the
driving dynamics of a six speed.
With the launch of the all-new A4, every Audi automatic transmission
apart from the infinitely variable multitronic will be a six-speed.
No luxury competitor can make such a claim.
Hill detection capability: Many of Audis automatic transmissions
incorporate software that recognizes when the car is driven up and down
hills. In doing so, it minimizes unwanted up- and down-shifts to reduce
annoying hunting between gears.
Dynamic Shift Program: Many Audi automatic transmissions can recognize
the drivers style of driving through inputs from the throttle position and
its speed of movement, the gear selected, as well as environmental
conditions (engine temperature, load, etc). The transmission fine-tunes its
shift strategy to suit the drivers driving style all the way from the most
leisurely freeway cruise to an enthusiasts spirited back road jaunt.
A few words about acceleration

Too many companies hang their hat on acceleration timesas do many
magazines. Trying to achieve the best 0-60 mph or 0-100 km/h time is a
never-ending, but one-dimensional, game. And someone else will always be
willing to go one better. For Audi, going one better means developing a
combination punch: remarkable acceleration, broad-shouldered power,
outstanding braking power and high handling limits.
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Audi Advantages
Audi Automatic Transmissions
multitronic Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT)

Exclusive to Audi
Available on A4 1.8 T and 3.0 FrontTrak sedan and Cabriolet models
and, in the 2005.5 and 2006 calendar year, the A4 2.0T and A6 3.0
FrontTrak models
12 years in development
20+ patents (with LuK, Audis partner in development)
Attributes
Unlike a torque converter, the multitronic has a minimal loss of efficiency
in operation
Infinitely variable number of ratios
Greater than 6:25 difference between
highest and lowest ratios (conventional
5-speed auto is more like 5:1)
No perceptible shifting in normal
operation
Better fuel economy than a conventional torque
converter automatic: 4-12% more economical,
as good as a manual transmission in many cases*
Tiptronic capability
Benefits
Performance and efficiency similar to a manual
transmission* with the smoothness of the best automatic
Good low-end responsiveness with on-the-road fuel economy
Fuel economy comparable to a manual*
No hunting between gears; no missed shifts
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*Its more that just a theory. Check the economy and accelerations figures for an A4 1.8 T
FrontTrak with manual transmission and multitronic.

Audi Advantages

Direct Shift Gearbox
The concept was first used by Audi in the original Sport quattro and
Sport quattro S1. With this transmission, and Walter Rohrl at the
wheel, the car won the Pikes Peak Hill Climb in 1985
Attributes
Combines the advantages of a conventional
six-speed manual gearbox with the qualities
of a modern automatic
Highly efficient and able to transmit great
torque
Complete driver control of gear selection or
fully automatic operation
Sport or Normal shift programs available in
automatic mode
Extremely compact design
Virtually no interruption of power flow during
shifting
Benefits
Offers the choice between highly involved shift-it-yourself driving or
completely automatic shifting and either a Sport of Normal mode
Lightning fast shifts under full power result in even better acceleration
than the best driver can achieve with a manual transmission
Smooth and unruffled shifting when used in automatic mode
Fuel economy as good as a manual transmission
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Audi Advantages

Automatic Transmission with Tiptronic
Audi was the first in its class to equip every automatic with Tiptronic. And,
with the launch of the all-new A4 models, Audi will be the first in its class
againthis time with every automatic transmission (apart from the infinitely
variable multitronic) featuring six speeds. Audis conventional five and six-
speed automatic transmissions also include:
Attributes
DSP (Dynamic Shift Program) selects from over 200 shift programs to suit
the drivers style of driving
Lock-up torque converter
Automatic shift lock (another Audi innovation)
Overdrive in top gear for relaxed cruising
Benefits
Smooth shifting and efficient operation
Seamless adaptation to the drivers style of driving
6-Speed Automatic Transmissions
Six-speed automatics come in many variations, from the DSG in the A3 and
TT 3.2 to the highly refined unit in the A8 models. All share several virtues.
Benefits
Compared to a 5-speed, the new 6-speeds offer:
More relaxed high-speed cruising (due to lower engine RPM)
Quicker acceleration
Better fuel economy
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Audi Advantages
Audi Manual Transmissions
6-Speed Manual Transmissions

Attributes
While many competitors offer few manual transmission choices, and in
many cases only a five-speed, Audi now offers six-speeds on every model
featuring a manual transmission
Closely-spaced ratios allow the range of gears to be better matched to the
engines torque curve
Fully synchronized gears, including reverse gear
Overdrive in top ratio(s) for economy, comfort, less noise, low wear
Some models may achieve maximum top speed (governed) one gear
short of top
Benefits
The driving pleasure of shifting ones own gears a pleasure that is
increasingly rare in a market with fewer and fewer manual transmissions
Advantageous pricing compared to same car with automatic
Excellent mix of performance and economy
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Audi Advantages
Audi Transmission Applications 2005 and 2006

Audi Advantages
Drivetrain Workstation
In this Workstation you will learn how the drivetrain parts work together, the
keys to all-wheel drive and essentials of electronic control systems.
Start
DVD Introduction
Power flows from the engine to transmission, to the _____________________,
to the axles, and to the wheels.
When a row in a marching band turns a corner, those on the outside march
a ___________ distance than those on the inside. This is like a car rounding a
corner. Which car wheels travel a greater distance in a corner? ____________
The problem with differentials, and a solution

An open differential allows two wheels on the same axle to transmit equal
power while rotating at ___________________ speed(s).
With one wheel on an icy surface, a car with an open differential is easily
stuck. Thats because both wheels even if one is spinning wildly and the
other is stationary are getting _________________ power, and its too little!
Electronic Differential Locking (EDL) slows just the spinning wheel. That drag
requires _______ power, at both sides. Its often enough to help drive away.
All-wheel drive uses the same tools

If traction at two wheels is good, using all four must be better. That led
Audi to launch its original quattro all-wheel drive model _______ years ago.
Many others followed Audis lead. Yet some systems seem more added-on
than integrated. Among other clues, evidence may include __________ ride
height or a __________ turning circle than the two-wheel drive version.

Audi Advantages
Drivetrain Workstation
Start
DVD Keys to quattro all-wheel drive
Regardless of its technology, every contemporary quattro system:
Is always on, always engaged and requires no special driver interaction
Actively manages the distribution of power front-to-rear, sending the
____________________ of power to the wheels with best traction
Responds to wheel spin and often can act pre-emptively to avoid spin
Works seamlessly with ABS, EDL, ASR, ESP, EDB and other systems
Differential x 3 = quattro all-wheel drive

A4, S4, A6, allroad and A8 models with quattro use a ___________ differential
TT and A3 models with quattro use a ____________ coupling
Both systems actively manage the sharing of power front-to-rear, unlike the
inflexible power split of systems like the Mercedes-Benz ______________
Start
DVD Electronic Stabilization Program
ESP is the final, and most powerful, layer in a range of integrated handling and
control systems. These includes acronyms like _______, _______, _______.
Can a car steer without using the steering wheel? Yes, if an intelligent system of
controls selectively brakes a single wheel. Its much the same as a kayaker
dragging the paddle in the water. Drag it on the right side and the kayak will steer
to the _________.
ESP monitors many vehicle dynamics, including:
Steering wheel ________________
Vehicle ________________________
Brake __________________________
Wheel _________________________
In addition to sensors detecting the car's angle and rotation
ESP may also:
Prevent unwanted grearshifts
Reduce vehicle speed
Help reestablish control
Stop
DVD Additional resources
Use the workbook and resources such as accessaudi.com for more details.

Audi Advantages
Audi Drive Systems
The Food Chain of Traction

The objective of every drive system is to transfer the engines power to the
road. Simply put, the more traction, the better. All systems are not created
equal. In ascending order, the following systems have good, better and best
traction potential:
quattro or other all-wheel drive
Front-Wheel Drive
Rear-wheel drive
Traction = Weight Over the Driving Wheels

All other things being equal, the more of a cars weight that bears on the
driving wheels, the more traction it will have. Consider these figures and you
will understand why a few sand bags in the trunk can improve the traction
of a rear-drive vehicle:
System Weight over drive wheels

RWD 40-55%
FWD 55-65%
quattro AWD 100%
Audi Drive Systems

For decades, Audi has been a pioneer in the development and use of drive
systems that maximize traction.
Front-Wheel Drive
FrontTrak
quattro
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Audi Advantages
Audi Drive Systems
Front-wheel drive at the heart of the TT 180 and A3

In todays world, well over three-quarters of all cars are front-wheel drive.
And despite a recent increase in the number of rear-drive products from the
domestics, front-drive will remain the dominant drive system for the
majority of cars in the foreseeable future. Why?
Packaging benefits in small and compact cars where passenger and
luggage space is at a premium
Predictable driving behavior in a wide range of driving situations
Weight and cost savings compared to rear-drive
Is a front-wheel drive sports car possible?

The question answers itself. The 180 horsepower TT
delivers the kind of driving enjoyment that satisfies
thousands of people every year over a hundred
thousand, worldwide.
Attributes
Excellent traction in fair weather
and foul, thanks to front wheel
drive, traction control
Surprising roominess, including
cargo capacity
Cost-effective
Benefits
Driving enjoyment
A stylish sports car that can double as a daily driver on any day and
in nearly any weather
Affordability
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Audi Advantages
Audi Drive Systems
FrontTrak: Reinventing front-wheel drive

Its fair to say that Audi and its Auto Union predecessor firms were the
pioneers of mass produced front-wheel drive cars. In that tradition, early in
the development of the original A8 Audi chose to break the rules and design
a front suspension that turned conventional wisdom on its head. The four-
link design was intended to put to rest one of the chief criticisms of front-
wheel drive vehicles that they were unduly influenced by drive forces and
road irregularities. With that foundation, Audi developed FrontTrak, an
integrated front-wheel drive system that raised the bar for all competitors.
FrontTrak consists of three elements.
Front-wheel drive
Four-link front suspension
Traction control
Sum of the parts

The three building blocks give
FrontTrak Audi models an
exclusive bundle of benefits
in our competitive group.
Attributes
Excellent traction in
fair weather or foul
Precise steering and
near viceless handling,
largely unaffected by
torque steer and road irregularities
Excellent packaging in an affordable car
Benefits
Driving enjoyment
The security and peace of mind that come from predictable
handling and ample traction
Affordability
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Audi Advantages
Audi Drive Systems
quattro all-wheel drive:

Decades of commitment
Audis commitment to all-wheel drive goes back over two decades back to
the first quattro-equipped Audi in 1980. From that beginning,
and following four generations of development, Audi has built more all-
wheel drive cars than all of its luxury competitors put together. Building
experience means steady development, refinement and advancement.
Compare that to the on again/off again presence in the all-wheel drive
market of many luxury competitors.
Commitment across the board

Its not enough to have one or two all-wheel drive cars in the line. At least
its not enough for Audi. Part of the long-standing commitment to the
advantages of all-wheel drive is the decision to offer it standard
equipment or as an option on every vehicle line in the North American
product range.
Whether you want a sedan, Avant, Cabriolet or sports car in any size or
range we offer the customer can choose all-wheel drive. Compare that to
the limited range, toe-in-the-water, approach of every competitor.

Audi Advantages
Audi Drive Systems
quattro all-wheel drive: Principles of operation

Theres all-wheel drive and theres quattro. Audi engineers established
several important operating principles over four generations of quattro
development. In its latest iteration and regardless of the technology used
a quattro system:
Attributes
Requires no special knowledge or driving skill to achieve its benefits
Requires no switches, adjustments or engagement its always on duty
Has the capability of automatically redistributing the engines power
between the front and rear axles to take advantage of changing traction
conditions
Has the capability of reacting to wheel spin by redistributing power and/or
using EDL to increase the power delivered to tires with better traction
Has the capability to predict the loss of traction in many cases and can
frequently actively redistribute power in advance of wheel spin or traction
loss
Regardless of technology, a quattro system is priced for value and returns
much of its cost at resale and in improved residual value
Benefits
quattro can often eliminate the drama of wheel-spin or loss of control by
apportioning the engines power in advance of traction difficulties
quattro also reacts in fractions of a second to the loss of traction and
can apply power where it will do most good. At the same time, it works to
limit wheel spin and preserve control
Every driver will enjoy the advantages of quattro every day and all the
time with no need for special skills
Economic advantage whether leasing or buying. Audis all-wheel drive
goes a long way towards paying for itself in improved residual value or
higher resale value a winning proposition when leasing or at resale.
Check it out at references such as Automotive Lease Guide (ALG) or Kelly
Blue Book (kbb.com)
How successful is quattro all-wheel drive?

One measure of quattros success is its racing record. After redefining the
world of rallying and hill climbs, sweeping to victories in production car
racing and dominating one racing series after another, the technology was
banned. The only exception? The Speed World Challenge. And in that series
Audis RS 6 Competition picked up where the S4 Competition left off with
the third series championship in as many years. Many call it an unfair
advantage. We suggest that customers take advantage of it in the one
place where the competition couldnt get it banned: on the street.

Audi Advantages
Audi Drive Systems
quattro with Torsen

Torsen is a fully mechanical system; no electronics
Split-Second Torque Split
Purely mechanical activation, based on wheel speed differences
Front-to-Rear torque split is normally 50:50, but is also continuously
variable, up to:
33:67 67:33 (automatic, as shown in illustration)
25:75 75:25 (manual)
Transparent to the driver; requires no special knowledge or actions to
enjoy full benefits.
quattro with Haldex

Haldex Coupling/Haldex Clutch
Hydraulic activation with Electronic Control
Split-Second Torque Split
Front-to-Rear Wheel Speed Differential (Delta)
10 deg. wheel rotation/45 deg. driveshaft (1/8 revolution of driveshaft)
Drive-by-wire/Proactive
100:0 all the way to 0:100
Transparent to the driver; requires no special knowledge or actions to
enjoy full benefits.

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The Audi Way

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