FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

PAHANG LABORATORY MANUAL

COURSE BASIC HYDRAULICS

COURSE CODE ECW 321

LEVEL OF OPENNESS 0

CATEGORY TRADITIONAL

DEGREE OF OPEN-ENDED (%) 0

PERIOD OF ACTIVITY 1 WEEK (WEEK 4)

TITLE MEASUREMENT OF PUMP EFFICIENCY, HEAD AND DISCHARGE.

1.1 Introduction
The traditional methods of conducting laboratory activities (assigned as Level 0)
will not be able to provide the avenue for students to enhance independent
learning activities and inculcate creativity and innovation. The traditional method is
fully prescriptive where the three elements namely problem, ways & means and
answers are provided/fully given to the students. However, it is still necessary to
be implemented as part of the whole laboratory course activity specially to first and
second year students
In this laboratory activity students will be exposed to the apparatus and
appropriate methods to carry out demonstration of turbine performance.

1.2 Objectives
To determine the head / flow rate characteristics and pump efficiency under single,
series and parallel pump operation

PREAMBLE 1.3 Learning Outcomes

At the end of the laboratory activities, students would be able to:
1. Conduct the experiments for measurement of pump efficiency, head and
discharge.
2. Analyse data and discuss pump performance under single, series and
parallel pump operation
3. Work in a group to produce laboratory report.

1.4 Theoretical Background

(a) Single centrifugal pump

Centrifugal pump is one of the most widely used pumps for transferring liquids.
Centrifugal pump operates as follow: As the prime mover rotates the driveshaft,
the impeller fluid is drawn
o
in axially through the centre opening of the housing. The
fluid then makes a 90 turn and flows radially outward. As energy is added to the
fluid by rotating blades (centrifugal action and actual blade force), the pressure
and velocity increase until the fluid reaches the outer tip of the impeller. The fluid
then enters the volute-shaped housing whose increased flow area causes the
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FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PAHANG LABORATORY MANUAL

velocity to decrease. This action results in a decrease in kinetic energy and an

accompanying increase in pressure.

(b) Series pump operation

Pump can be combined in series to obtain an increase in head at the same

flowrate as the single pump.

Figure 8.1 Series Pump Curve Characteristics

As shown in Figure 8.1, when two pumps having similar head-flowrate

characteristics are operated in series in combined pump head-flowrate curve is
obtained by adding the head of single pump curve at the same flowrate.

(c) Parallel pump operation

Pumps can be combined in parallel to obtain in increase in flowrate at the same
head as the single pump.

Figure 8.2 Parallel Pump Curve Characteristics

As shown in Figure 8.2, when two pumps having similar head-flowrate

characteristics are operated in parallel the combined pump head-flowrate curve is
obtained by adding the flowrates of the single pumps at the same head.
Formula for calculation of variables (in accordance with series and parallel pump
test rig model:FM07A-1)

Power (fluid), = QH

flow(LPM )
Volumetric flow rate, (m3/s)=
6000

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FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PAHANG LABORATORY MANUAL

P 2 P1
Pump head, () =
g
Powerfluid
Overall efficiency, overall= 100%
Powerelectrical
** Pressure unit (P1, P2) is Pascal. Unit conversion 1 bar = 100000 Pa

2 Problem Statement
PROBLEM Each group is required to determine the maximum flow rate, pump head and pump
STATEMENT efficiency under single, series and parallel pump operation.

3.1 Apparatus
Pump apparatus as shown in Figure 8.3 will be used to determine head / flow rate
characteristics and pump efficiency and Figure 8.4 shows process diagram for
series and parallel pump operation.

WAYS & MEANS

Figure 8.3 Pump Apparatus

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FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PAHANG LABORATORY MANUAL

Figure 8.4 Process Diagram for Series / Parallel Pump

3.2 Procedures

1. The circulation tank is filled with water.

2. Make sure V5 is fully close position.
3. Switch on the main power supply.
4. Turn on the main switch on the control panel. Ensure all digital indicators
illuminate.
5. Check for the following valve position in Table 8.1.

Table 8.1 Valve Position

Running Fully Open Fully Close
Pump Operation Pump Valve Valve
Single Pump 2, P2 V2 V1,V3,V4
Series Both pump V1,V3 V2,V4
Parallel Both pump V1,V2,V4 V3

6. Turn on the pump and slowly open V5 until maximum flowrate is achieved.
Follow the experiment procedures to determine the desired flow rate.
7. Use the pump speed selector switch to monitor the pump speed.

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FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
PAHANG LABORATORY MANUAL

3.3 Data Acquisition

Data required for this experiment are at least 5 different flowrate and pump head
for each 3 different cases (single, series and parallel). Refer Table 8.2 8.4 for
data acquisition purpose.

4 Results, Analysis and Conclusion

Each group is required to submit a technical report of the laboratory result
highlighting the apparatus used, the procedures undertaken for the test, data
acquisition process, graphical analysis, discussion on the pump performance for
RESULTS all THREE (3) pump operations and the relevancy of the set out output to address
the given problem. The report must be submitted within 7 days after the
completion of the test

Table 8.2 Single Pump Operation with Variable Flow Rate

Flow rate (LPM) Speed (RPM) Power (watt) PT1 (bar) PT3 (bar)

Table 8.3 Series Pump Operation with Variable Flow Rate

Flow rate (LPM) Speed (RPM) Power (watt) PT1 (bar) PT3 (bar)

Table 8.4 Parallel Pump Operation with Variable Flow Rate

Flow rate (LPM) Speed (RPM) Power (watt) PT1 (bar) PT3 (bar)

FKA, UiTM, PAHANG Nov 2014