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ABDOMINAL

MUSCLE
Part of the abdominal
Rectus sheath
aka Rectus Abdominis
paired muscle running vertically on each
side of the anterior wall of the human
abdomen.
External oblique
largest & most superficial of the three
flat muscles of the lateral anterior
abdomen.
Internal Oblique
muscle in the abdominal wall
lies below the external oblique
above the transverse abdominal
muscles.
CREMASTER

Origin: inguinal ligament

Insertion: forms thin network of muscle fascicles


around the spermatic cord and testis

Action: elevates testis (not well developed in females)


Dartos
Origin: subcutaneous connective tissue of the
scrotum & penis

Insertion: skin of scrotum and the penis

Action: elevates testis


Diaphragm

Origin: xiphoid process, costal margin, fascia over the


quadratus

Insertion: central tendon of the diaphragm

Action: pushes the abdominal viscera inferiorly,


increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity (inspiration)
External Abdominal Oblique
Origin: lower 8 ribs

Insertion: linea alba, pubic crest & tubercle, anterior superior iliac spine & anterior half of
iliac crest

Action: flexes and laterally bends the trunk


Internal abdominal oblique
Origin-thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3 of the iliac crest, lateral 2/3 of the inguinal
ligament

Insertion- lower 3 or 4 ribs, linea alba, pubic crest

Action- flexes and laterally bends the trunk


Iliacus
Origin: iliac fossa and iliac crest

Insertion: lesser trochanter of the femur

Action: flexes the thigh


Iliopsoas
Origin- iliac fossa; bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

Insertion - lesser trochanter of the femur

Action- flexes the thigh; flexes and laterally bends the lumbar vertebral column
Psoas major
Origin- bodies and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae

Insertion- lesser trochanter of femur (with iliacus) via iliopsoas tendon

Action- flexes the thigh; flexes & laterally bends the lumbar vertebral column
Psoas minor
Origin- bodies of the T12 & L1 vertebrae

Insertion- iliopubic eminence at the line of junction of the ilium and the superior pubic
ramus

Action- flexes & laterally bends the lumbar vertebral column


Pyramidalis
Origin- pubis, anterior to the rectus abdominis

Insertion- linea alba

Action- tensing the linea alba


Quadratus lumborum
Origin- posterior part of the iliac crest and the
iliolumbar ligament

Insertion- transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae 1-4


and the 12th rib

Action- laterally bends the trunk, fixes the 12th rib


Rectus Abdominis
Origin- pubis and the pubic symphysis

Insertion- xiphoid process of the sternum


and costal cartilages

Action- flexes the trunk


Transversus abdominis
Origin - lower 6 ribs, thoracolumbar fascia, anterior
3/4 of the iliac crest, lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament

Insertion - linea alba, pubic crest and pecten of the


pubis

Action - compresses the abdomen


Movements that uses this muscle

Stretch Wake up Walking

Dance Kick Bow the head


Exercise that uses this muscle
The Plank
Kettlebell
Russian Twist
Bottoms up
Side Jackknifes
Air Bicycle
Cable Crunches
Injuries - Abdominal Strain
A tear of a muscle in stomach and abdomen area

muscle fibers to overstretch and tear


Treatment
First Aid:
apply ice pack
use a protective covering
Medicine:
Take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) such as naproxen or
ibuprofen
reduce pain
improve ability to move around
Medical Treatment:
Doctor may restrict some activities and give pills
Prevention
Stretching daily
Start an exercise program
Stretch after exercise
Warm up before exercise
Important Tendons and Ligaments
Inguinal Ligament

- connective tissue structure


- supports >> soft tissues in groin & external abdominal oblique muscle

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