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Characterization of dissolved organic matter in cave and spring waters using UVVis
absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy
Justin E. Birdwella,*, Audrey Tourretteb
Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
a
ABSTRACT
A condensed version of the entire paper; summarizes the four essential aspects of the paper, namely, purpose of the experiment, results (% yield, %
purity, etc.), significance of the study, and major conclusions. It should give one an idea of the scope of the study. It includes a very brief summary of
the major steps/techniques used in the experiment. Do not include too much background information. No detailed procedures and sources of errors.
Typically, 100-200 words.
Sample:
Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) was examined using fluorescence and absorbance spectra from sulfidic cave and thermal and non-thermal
surface-discharging spring waters. Many of the sites have a limited allochthonous supply of organic matter (OM) and contain ecosystems that are dependent
on chemolithoautotrophic microbial communities. Water-extracted OM from microbial mats at the sites had fluorescence signatures consistent with the
fluorescent amino acids. Based on fluorescence-derived indices and absorbance spectral characteristics, the origin of the cave and spring CDOM appeared to
be from microbially-derived material, and the degree of OM humification was low. Little of the CDOM pool was represented by terrestrial humic fluorescence
signatures, which are typically observed in surface waters, as well as soil and sediment porewaters. Comparison of the cave and spring waters with a wide
array of reference humic substances and OM from other environments showed a continuum of spectral properties constrained by origin and degree of
humification.
1. Introduction Bridgewater, NJ, USA) with slits set to 5 nm for both excitation and
emission monochromators and using a 0.1 s integration time.
Provides pertinent background information about the study.
Acquaints readers with the experiment. Should end with the 2.2. Characterization
objective(s) of the experiment.
Its NOT just another version of the INTRODUCTION found in EEM fluorescence spectra were obtained by collecting a series of
the manual. 43 emission scans (kEm 250550 nm, 2.5 nm intervals) at 5 nm
excitation wavelength intervals between kEx 240 and 450 nm.
Sample:
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) has been intensely investigated 3. Results and Discussion
in water systems around the world because of the significant roles
this ubiquitous material plays in various biogeochemical and Most important part of the report. Presents pertinent results of
ecological processes (Findlay and Sinsabaugh, 2003; Anesio et al., the experiment. Organizes data into tables, figures, graphs, etc.
2004; Judd et al., 2006). In natural settings, DOM parent material is (whichever is appropriate). Should provide labels with short
primarily derived from terrigenous and aquatic macro (e.g. plants, caption for each tables, figures, graphs, etc. Label for tables should
animals) and microorganisms (e.g. algae, phytoplankton and be on top of the table while label for figures should be below the
bacteria). figure.
Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), the fraction Discussion should include the following:
that absorbs ultraviolet (UV) and visible light, is the controlling - Mechanism of the reaction(s)
factor for the optical properties of surface waters (Green and - Purpose of each reagents
Blough, 1994). - Rationalization of method (purpose of each major techniques in
the methodology)
2. Materials and Methods - Techniques used to increase the yield
- Interpretation of results (What is its significance?)
Summarizes the procedure performed in the experiment in - Compare expected results with those obtained, account for any
paragraph form (do not include parts that were not done). Past difference
tense, passive voice. Do not include diagram or procedural steps in - Possible reasons for low yield
preparing set-ups. - Assessment of product purity
Sample: Sample:
2.1. Synthesis 3.1. Geochemical Analysis
All fluorescence measurements were made using a SPEX Geochemical data for each of the samples are listed in Table 1.
Fluorolog- 3 spectrofluorometer (Jobin Yvon, Edison, NJ, USA) The EEM spectra of the cave and spring waters (Fig. 2, panels a
equipped with a 450W Xe lamp, double excitation and emission through i) contained many of the characteristic peaks observed in
monochromators and an extended red, high sensitivity, multi-alkali other studies of marine and terrestrial CDOM (e.g. Fig. 1).
photocathode photomultiplier tube (Hamamatsu Corporation,
Sample:
The cave and spring waters displayed strong microbial
fluorescence features, lacked significant terrestrial signatures and
exhibited unique absorbance characteristics. One of the most
important findings is that a substantial portion of CDOM in karst
waters, and especially in sulfidic cave systems, appears to be almost
exclusively a result of in situ microbial activity.
References