COURSE TITLE : SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES & F.H.P.

MOTORS
COURSE CODE : 4042
COURSE CATEGORY : A
PERIODS/WEEK :4
PERIODS/SEMESTER : 72
CREDITS :4

TIME SCHEDULE

MODULE TOPIC PERIODS

I Synchronous Generator 17
Test I 1
Characteristics and parallel operation of
II 17
Alternator
Test II 1
III Synchronous motor 17
Test III 1
IV FHP Motors 17
Test IV 1
TOTAL 72

Rationale
This subject deals with the construction, working, performance and application of 3 phase
synchronous machines and give information about different FHP motors used in practical
life

OBJECTIVES

MODULE I
1.1.0. Know the Working of Synchronous Generator
1.1.1. Understand the constructional details of synchronous generator.
1.1.2. Name the materials used for various parts.
1.1.3. State the merits and demerits of salient pole and non-salient pole type of rotor
1.1.4. Sketch various parts of synchronous generator.
1.1.5. Understand various methods of excitation
1.1.6. Know the classification of 3 phase windings, winding terminology
1.1.7. Define chording factor and distribution factor and derive equations for the same.
1.1.8. Derive the e.m.f equation for alternator
1.1.9. Effects of harmonics on pitch and distribution factor
1.1.10. Solve problems and compute generated e.m.f.

MODULE II
2.1.0. Characteristics and parallel operation of Alternator
2.1.1. Study the effect of load on alternator
2.1.2. Explain armature reaction
2.1.3. Study the effect of armature reactance and leakage reactance of alternators on load
2.1.4. Draw the vector diagrams of alternator on load under different power factors
2.1.5. Define voltage regulation of alternators.
2.1.6. Compute voltage regulation by EMF, MMF, and ZPF methods
2.1.7. Understand the necessity of cooling of alternators.
2.1.8. Enlist the advantages and disadvantages of Hydrogen cooling over air cooling
2.1.9. Understand the necessity of parallel operation of alternators
2.1.10 Explain the synchronization of alternators with infinite bus bars using
a) Bright lamp method b) Dark lamp method and c) Synchroscope method
b) Derive expression for synchronizing current, torque and power from the
vector diagram
2.1.11 Study the sharing of kW and KVAR of common load between 2 machines .
according to their ratings and change in power factors
2.1.12. Understand the effects of excitation and variation of prime mover input on load
sharing

MODULE III
3.1.0. Synchronous motor
3.1.1. Understand the construction and principle of operation of synchronous motor
3.1.2. Explain the different methods of starting of synchronous motor
3.1.3. List the special characteristics and applications of synchronous motor
3.1.4. Draw the phase diagram of Synchronous motor on load
3.1.5. Draw the phase diagram of synchronous motor showing the effect of excitation on
armature and power factor.
3.1.6. Explain the procedures for obtaining V curves
3.1.7. Describe the circumstances under which hunting develops
3.1.8. Suggest methods for preventing hunting
3.1.9. Understand the working of synchronous condenser.

MODULE IV
4.1.0. Understand the Principle of F.H.P Motors
4.1.1. Understand the principle of working of commutation, induction and Synchronous
types of F.H.P. motors
4.1.2. Enumerate the advantages and field of application of each type
4.1.3. Know the constructional features, working and applications of stepper motors
4.1.4. Study the constructional details, applications and advantages of permanent magnet
synchronous motors
4.1.5. Explain the features of synchros
4.1.6. Know the construction of switched reluctance motor and a.c servo motor
4.1.7. List out the applications of switched reluctance motor and a.c servo motor
4.1.8. Know the constructional features and applications of printed circuit motors
4.1.9. Understand the working and applications of hysteresis motor.

COURSE CONTENT

MODULE I
Synchronous Generator
Synchronous generator - Principles of a.c generator single phase and three phase -
Constructional details of salient pole and turbo generators with sketches - Relationship
between speed, frequency and number of poles.
Methods of exciting the field - main and pilot exciter - static excitations
Armature windings - single layer and double layer types - Full pitched and short pitched
windings fractional Slot windings pitch factor and distribution factor
Methods of obtaining sinusoidal waveform in generators - EMF equation on an A.C
generator Problems

MODULE II
Characteristics and parallel operation of Alternator
Armature reaction -Resistance and leakage reactance Armature reactions under leading,
lagging and unity power factor loads - Synchronous reactance and synchronous impedance -
Vector diagram of alternator on load
At lagging, leading and unity power factors. Voltage regulation- definition - determination of
regulation by EMF, MMF and ZPF methods - Problems
Synchronizing of alternator to infinite bus bar, conditions, dark lamp -bright lamp and
synchroscope methods - Active and reactive power output - Effects of excitation - Effect of
variation of prime mover input, output power sharing- Problems- Cooling of alternators

MODULE III
SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS
3 Phase synchronous motor Principle of operation Effect of excitation of armature current
and power factor -Power developed by a synchronous motor Torques of synchronous
motors-V curves and inverted V curves - Synchronous condenser use of synchronous
motor field of applications- methods of starting- hunting prevention of hunting by
damper windings.

MODULE 1V
F.H.P Motors
Fractional kW motors - classification based on principle of working commutator, induction
and synchronous types stepper motors types of stepper motors variable reluctance
stepper motors permanent magnetic stepper motor- hybrid stepper motor constructional
features working advantage disadvantage and applications
Permanent magnet synchronous motors Construction advantages and applications
Printed circuit motors-hysteresis motor Synchros type of synchros constructional
features and applications -switched reluctance motor construction working advantages &
disadvantages applications
construction and applications, Principles of AC servomotors

REFERENCE

1. A Textbook of Electrical Technology - B L Theraja & A.K. Theraja

2. Synchronous, induction & special machines- Sheila C.Haran