GRAPHIC MATERIALS

Graphics

- are non-photographic, two dimensional visual images designed specifically to

communicate a message to the viewer.

Instructional Graphics

- help explain something to the viewer in a manner that hopefully increases

retention of the subject matter.

7 functions of Instructional graphics:

1. Descriptive - To show what an object looks like.

2. Expressive - To make an impact on the learner.

3. Constructional - To show how the parts fit together into the whole.

4. Functional - To show a process or the organization of a system in a simplified

manner.

5. Logico-mathematical - To display a mathematical concept

6. Algorithmic - To show a holistic picture of the range of possibilities.

7. Data display - Illustrating textual data visually.

Representational, Analogical, or Arbitrary

Instructional graphics can also be classified as representational, analogical, or

arbitrary.

Representational graphics vary in

detail from line drawings to
photographs, but are alike in that
they closely "resemble" the
object(s) they depict. For example,
a stick figure can represent a
person.

Analogical graphics show one thing and

by analogy imply something else. For
example, a graphic of a sword might be
shown to illustrate the concept of
medieval warfare.
 Arbitrary graphics include
tables, charts, and cognitive
maps that have no real-life
counterpart that they are
attempting to portray.

Types of Graphic Materials

1. GRAPHS
Graphs are instructional materials which represent numerical data.

Different Types of Graphs

The most common types of graphs are:

1. Line Graphs. These are used frequently in plotting relationships between

changes in a set of data, usually over a period of time.

2. Bar Graphs. These consist of bars, either horizontally or vertically, which

are useful in presenting comparisons of data.

3. Circle or pie Graphs. These are used to show how a whole is divided into
parts and the relationship of the parts.

4. Picture Graphs or Pictographs. These use pictures to represent and

compare numerical data instead of bars or lines.
 2. MAPS (MAPS AND GLOBES)

Maps are instructional materials which represent the Earths or portion of

the Earths surface. Globes, on the other hand, are spherical models of the
Earth. However, even though a globe is three-dimensional, it can be classified
as a graphic because of the use of symbols, words, and drawings.
Classification of Maps
Maps could be classified as:
1. Physical maps. Emphasize terrain and topographical concepts.
2. Political maps. Emphasize man-made phenomena such as state, city, or
provincial boundaries or location of highways or railroads or government
buildings.
3. Special purpose maps. These are the maps used for peculiar purposes like
those presenting amount of rainfall, population distribution, and travel
routes.
Classification of Globes
Globes can be classified as:
1. Political globes. Show location and boundaries of cities, provinces, and
other man-made structures.
2. Physical-political globes. Show some political features but emphasize land
elevations and ocean depths.
3. Special purposes globes. These are globes constructed for specific
purposes such as satellite globes, celestial globes, and physical relief globes.

3. CHARTS

Charts are instructional materials which is present relationships such as

chronologies, quantities, and hierarchies.
Different Types of Charts
The most common type of charts, named primarily because of their
functions and appearances, are:
1. Flowcharts or Process charts. Show a sequence, procedure, or a flow of a
process.
2. Classification charts. Show the classification or categorization of objects or
events.

3. Tabular charts. Show data, usually numerical and are presented in

columns.

4. Organizational charts. Show the structure or chain of command in an

organization such as a company, corporation or government department.
Lines show the interrelationship of data.

5. Stream or Tree charts. Show the relationships of data as shown in a

hierarchy.
6. Timeline charts. Illustrate the chronological relationships between events.
4. POSTERS

Posters materials which combine images, lines, colors, and words. These
materials intend to catch and hold viewers attention to present a brief,
persuasive message. Posters may be obtained from a variety of sources. These
can also be prepared by teachers and students.

5. DIAGRAMS

Although considered as charts, these consist of lines and symbols that

show the relationships or key features of a process, an object or an area.
Diagrams could be very abstract such as construction blueprints or very simple
such as diagrams showing relationships of verbs, subject or other parts of
speech in English grammar classes.

Different Types of Diagrams

Diagrams could be the following types:

1. Venn diagram. Shows areas of overlap between elements.

2. Cycle diagram. Shows a process with a continuous cycle.

3. Radial diagram. Shows relationships of a core element.

4. Pyramid diagram. Shows foundation-based relationships.

 5. Target diagram. Shows steps toward a goal.

6. CARTOONS
Cartoons are colorful line drawings with exaggerated features or symbols
that provide humor or satire. They usually appear in newspapers, periodicals,
and textbooks. Cartoons include comic strips or strip drawings, which are a
sequence of closely related drawings intended to entertain and caricatures in
newspaper editorials that are intended to make important social and political
comments.

What is the use of Graphic Materials in teaching?

Proper construction and utilization of graphic materials provide

educational benefit.
Graphic materials convey ideas through simple, bold, legible, brief, non-
verbal experiences during the teaching-learning process.
They present information quickly and effectively.

DISPLAY FORMATS

Ways to display Visuals

- To display, consider your audience, the nature of your visuals, the

communication/instructional setting, your lesson/communication objectives, and the
availability of the various display formats or display surfaces.
1.) Chalk boards - once called blackboards, they now come in a variety of colors. On
them can be drawn units to adjuncts to your message.

2.) Multipurpose boards - these are boards which can be useful for many purposes.
They are also called "visual aid panels" and may have steel backing for magnetic
display of visuals. Non-glare surfaces can also be used to project films, slides
overhead transparencies.

3.) Pegboards - useful for displaying heavy objects, such as 3-dimensional materials
ans visuals. Metal hooks can be inserted into the pegboard to hold books, papers and
other objects.

4.) Bulletin board displays - boards for posting bulletins or brief news
announcements of urgent interest. The decorative bulletin board can lend visual
stimulation.

5.) Cloth boards - flannel, felt or hook-and-loof materials can be stretched over a
sturdy backing, such as plywood.

6.) Magnetic boards - visual, such as plastic lettering, are backed with magnets and
placed on the metal surface of the board.

7.) Flip Charts - a pad of large-sized paper is fastened and mounted on a wooden or
metal easel.
8.) Exhibits - displays of nonprojected visuals for integrated
communication/instructional purposes. Exhibits can be set up on a table, shelf or
desk.

Realia Models
Diorama

References:

Lucido, P., Borabo, M., (1997). Educational Technology

Duchastel, P. C. (1979, November). Pictorial illustration in instructional texts. Educational

Technology.

Duchastel, P. C. (1978, November). Illustrating instructional texts. Educational Technology.

Dwyer, F. M. (1978). Strategies for Improving Visual Learning. State College, PA: Learning
Services.

Rieber, L. (1994). Computer, graphics, and learning. Iowa: Brown and Benchmark.

http://www.k-state.edu/lafene/BulletinBd/SpringBreak/SprgBrkBBjpg.htm

http://www.google.com.ph

https://www.academia.edu/23725697/GRAPHIC_MATERIALS

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics

Reporter:

RITCHEL P. MORALES
Student, MA 108 Technology Aided Instruction