Heredity

Vocabulary:
Allele - version of a gene
Genotype - what genes you receive
Phenotype - what gene is expressed (the one you can see)
Homozygous - same allele for the same trait (BB)
Heterozygous - 2 different alleles for the same trait (Bb)
Gregor Mendel - monk; studied how traits are passed, classic genetics

Gregor Mendel
Father of genetics; famous for experiments with Pea plants
Model system - (Pea Plants) organism which is easy to study; learn principles and apply
to other organisms
Dominant trait - the gene that is expressed
Recessive trait - gene that is hidden, not visual
2nd generation - recessive trait was expressed 1 out of 4 plants
Inherited traits were independent of each other
Why it was controversial? Blending was the accepted theory: why kids look like
both parents but it couldnt explain dominant traits (tall plants over dwarf plants)
Punnett Squares
All possible gametes made by parents; 1 parent is written on top and another parent on
the side; used to predict Allele combinations and physical appearance of offspring
It can determine: Genotype, Phenotype, & Ratios
Product Rule - independent events x & y what is the probability of them both
occurring both P(X) * P(Y)
Sum Rule - Mutually exclusive events X & Y, the probability that 1 will occur (X or Y)
is P(X) + P(Y)
Sex Linked Traits