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ka = 1 sin
1 + sin
5000 = 1 sin 30
F 1 + sin 30
A
= 1 0.5 = 1
400 WW Ws 1 + 0.5 3
A Wb
700 400 2900 Active
pressure (pa) = kah
= 1/3 19 5.4
= 34.2 kN m2
SLIDING
Consider the forces acting on a 1 m length of wall. Horizontal force on wall due to backfill, FA,
is FA = 0.5pah = 0.5 34.2 5.4 = 92.34 kN
and
Weight of wall (Ww) = 0.4 5 24 = 48.0 kN
Weight of base (Wb) = 0.4 4 24 = 38.4 kN
Weight of soil (Ws) = 2.9 5 19 = 275.5 kN
Total vertical force (Wt) = 361.9 kN
Friction force, FF, is
FF = Wt = 0.4 361.9 = 144.76 kN
Assume passive pressure force (FP) = 0. Hence factor of safety against sliding is
144.76 = 1.56 > 1.5 OK
92.34
OVERTURNING
Taking moments about point A (see above), sum of overturning moments (Mover) is
FA 5.4 = 92.34 5.4 = 166.2 kNm
3 3
125
4 42
BENDING REINFORCEMENT
Wall
Height of stem of wall, hs = 5 m. Horizontal force on stem due to backfill, Fs, is
Fs = 0.5kahs2
= 0.5 1/3 19 52
= 79.17 kNm1 width
Design moment at base of wall, M, is
M = fFshs = 1.4 79.17 5 = 184.7 kNm
3 3
Effective depth
Assume diameter of main steel () = 20
mm. Hence effective depth, d, is
d = 400 cover /2 = 400 35 20/2 = 355 mm
Heel
Toe A B C D Heel
p1 p p2 = 1.4 65 = 91 kN m2
4
Design moment at point C, Mc, is
385.7 2.9 + 2.9 38.4 1.4 1.45 91 2.92 51.8 2.9 2.9 = 160.5 kNm
2 4 2 23
Assuming diameter of main steel () = 20 mm and cover to reinforcement is 50 mm, effective
depth, d, is d = 400 50 20/2 = 340 mm
K = 160.5 106 = 0.0397
35 103 3402
z = 340[0.5 + (0.25 0.0397/0.9)] 0.95d = 323 mm
M 160.5 106
A s = 0.87f z = 0.87 500 323 = 1142 mm2/m
y
Hence from Table 3.22, provide H20 at 200 mm centres (As = 1570 mm2/m) in top face (T) of base.
127
9780415467193_C03b 127 9/3/09, 1:14 PM
Design of reinforced concrete elements to BS 8110
160.5
Hence provide H12 at 200 mm centres (As = 566 mm2/m), in bottom face (B) of base and as distribution
steel in base and stem of wall.
REINFORCEMENT DETAILS
The sketch below shows the main reinforcement requirements for the retaining wall. For reasons of
buildability the actual reinforcement details may well be slightly different.
U-bars H12-200
(FF) far face
Distribution
steel H12-200 H12-200 (B)
Max. Pressure @ Toe ...... 115.0 KPa OK Shear Key Depth 0.0 cm
Min. Pressure @ Heel ...... 65.1 KPa Shear Key Thickness ......... 0.0 cm
Total Footing Length ........ 4.00 m Max. Shear Force @ Key .. 0.0 KN/m
Footing Length / 6 ............ 0.67 m Shear Capacity Ratio ......... 0.00 OK
Resultant Eccentricity e ... 0.18 m No shear key has been specified
Resultant is Within the Middle Third Moment Capacity Ratio ...... 0.00 OK
1
Project: Verification Example Page # ___
Engineer: Javier Encinas, PE 6/29/2014
Descrip: Cantilever Retaining Wall - Metric
ASDIP Retain 3.0.0 CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL DESIGN www.asdipsoft.com
OVERTURNING CALCULATIONS (Comb. D+H+W)
OVERTURNING RESISTING
Force Arm Moment Force Arm Moment
KN/m m KN-m/m KN/m m KN-m/m
Backfill Pa ............. 92.34 1.80 166.2 Stem Top .............. 47.12 0.90 42.4
Water Table .......... 0.00 0.13 0.0 Stem Taper ........... 0.00 1.10 0.0
Surcharge Hor ...... 0.00 2.70 0.0 CMU Stem at Top .. 0.00 0.00 0.0
Strip Load Hor ...... 0.00 2.50 0.0 Footing Weight ..... 37.70 2.00 75.4
Wind Load ............ 0.00 4.64 0.0 Shear Key ............. 0.00 0.70 0.0
Seismic Pae-Pa ... 0.00 3.24 0.0 Soil Cover @ Toe . 0.00 0.35 0.0
Seismic Water ...... 0.00 0.13 0.0 Stem Wedge ......... 0.00 1.10 0.0
Seismic Selfweight 0.00 0.00 0.0 Backfill Weight ...... 275.50 2.55 702.5
Rh = 92.34 OTM = 166.2 Backfill Slope ........ 0.00 3.03 0.0
166.2 Water Weight ........ 0.00 2.55 0.0
Seismic Pae-Pa .... 0.00 4.00 0.0
Arm of Horizontal Resultant = 92.34 = 1.80 m Pa Vert @ Heel ..... 0.00 4.00 0.0
820.3
Arm of Vertical Resultant = = 2.28 m Vertical Load 0.00 0.95 0.0
360.32
Surcharge Ver 0.00 2.55 0.0
Overturning Safety Factor = 820.3 = 4.94 > 2
166.2 Strip Load Ver 0.00 2.55 0.0
OK Rv = 360.32 RM = 820.3
DESIGN CODES
General Analysis .............. IBC-12
Concrete Design .............. ACI 318-11
Masonry Design .............. MSJC-11
Load Combinations .......... ASCE 7-05
4
Project: Verification Example Page # ___
Engineer: Javier Encinas, PE 6/29/2014
Descrip: Cantilever Retaining Wall - Metric
ASDIP Retain 3.0.0 CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL DESIGN www.asdipsoft.com
Moment =
= 0.0 * (0.0 * (40.0 / 100 + 5.00 / 2) + 0.0 * (40.0 / 100 + 5.00 / 3) + 37.7 * 40.0 / 100 / 2) * 0.00 = 0.0 KN-m/m
Hor. resultant Rh = 92.3 + 0.0 + 0.0 + 0.0 + 0.0 + 0.0 + 0.0 + 0.0 = 92.3 KN/m
Overturning moment OTM = 166.2 + 0.0 + 0.0 + 0.0 + 0.0 + 0.0 + 0.0 + 0.0 = 166.2 KN-m/m
Arm of hor. resultant = 166.2 / 92.3 = 1.80 m
2
Project: Verification Example Page # ___
Engineer: Javier Encinas, PE 6/29/2014
Descrip: Cantilever Retaining Wall - Metric
ASDIP Retain 3.0.0 CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL DESIGN www.asdipsoft.com
3
Project: Verification Example Page # ___
Engineer: Javier Encinas, PE 6/29/2014
Descrip: Cantilever Retaining Wall - Metric
ASDIP Retain 3.0.0 CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL DESIGN www.asdipsoft.com
Surcharge = 1.0 * (2.9 + (40.0 - 40.0) / 100) * 0.0 = 0.0 KN/m
4.00 4.00
Heel bearing = - = 360.3 - 6 * 360.3 * 0.18 = 65.1 KPa
4.00 4.00
4
Project: Verification Example Page # ___
Engineer: Javier Encinas, PE 6/29/2014
Descrip: Cantilever Retaining Wall - Metric
ASDIP Retain 3.0.0 CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL DESIGN www.asdipsoft.com
5
Project: Verification Example Page # ___
Engineer: Javier Encinas, PE 6/29/2014
Descrip: Cantilever Retaining Wall - Metric
ASDIP Retain 3.0.0 CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL DESIGN www.asdipsoft.com
Mn = 0.90 * 34.4 * 35.0 * 0.023 * (1 - 0.59 * 0.023) = 86.2 KN-m/m > Mu = 35.6 KN-m/m OK
7
Project: Verification Example Page # ___
Engineer: Javier Encinas, PE 6/29/2014
Descrip: Cantilever Retaining Wall - Metric
ASDIP Retain 3.0.0 CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL DESIGN www.asdipsoft.com
Cover factor = Min (2.5, (5.0 + 1.20 / 2, 20.0 / 2) / 1.20) = 2.5