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Abstract
Professional development at the middle and high school level too often shows teachers a new
and improved version of how easy it is to use technology in the classroom. However, in each of these
situations, after initial exposure to the new technology, teachers are left to their own time and resources
to construct useful lessons that will impact student learning in a meaningful way. In addition, teachers
may ignore opportunities for professional development due to the lack of content specific sessions that
are applicable to their academic area. This project is partnering with Starrs Mill High School and the
Fayette County Schools System to increase teacher content knowledge in specific Algebra skills through
the use of web-based tools (WBTs) such as Nearpod, Kahoot.it, and Socrative in the Coordinate Algebra
classes taught in the 8th and 9th grade. Project participants will develop interactive lessons using web-
based tools that enhance their daily lessons plans, increase student understanding, and will allow
During the summer of 2016, project participants will attend a five day workshop on creating
lesson plan activities using WBTs. Participants will have the opportunity to dive into the mathematics
involved in the Coordinate Algebra standards using interactive technologies, and then receive training on
how to create the same types of interactive learning activities they have just experienced. The use of
digital web-based lessons will encourage students to explore these same standards in unique and
individualized ways. At the end of the week, participants will leave with numerous artifacts as well as
complete lesson plans for teaching specific Algebra strands to their students. In addition, project
participants will be trained not only in the latest WBTs available to teachers, but also learn to research
and apply new emerging technologies to their classroom. Participants will receive additional support on
three Saturday sessions during the fall semester of 2016. The purpose of these follow-up days is to allow
participants to review, reflect, and revise activities implemented during the school year.
This project hopes to increase the effectiveness of Fayette County School teachers in
mathematics classrooms in the following two areas of need: 1) teacher content knowledge of the
Common Core Algebra strands for solving inequalities and interpreting graphs, and 2) improve teacher
practices through the use of technology in their classroom instruction. Any questions concerning this
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Introduction
Math teachers, especially in high school, often are responsible for the lasting impression of the
subject of mathematics on adults. The courses taken and the style of teaching either encourages
students to be fans of math or completely convinces them that math is not my thing. What if teachers
could convince students that not only is mathematics useful, but also show them how interesting it can be
to learn math? Most learners will not be fully engaged during a lecture class with worked examples on a
whiteboard. By using web-based interactive learning tools, students can work through a math lesson at
their own pace with individual support to help them make sense of the topic in a personal way. In order for
students to have these interactive tools, teachers need time and opportunity to learn how to create and
then implement these tools into the classroom instruction appropriately. Every tool has a specific job it is
best used for, and WBTs are no different, so additional training for teachers is a must. This teacher
The Fayette County School System has highly qualified teachers in place in all of its high schools.
However, there is still a need to improve the instruction that takes place within each classroom. As shown
in the sections to follow, there is a need to improve test scores in certain Coordinate Algebra strands
within the county, and research has shown that students respond well to learning with technology. By
partnering with Starrs Mill High School and the Griffin Regional Educational Service Agency (RESA), this
proposal will offer Coordinate Algebra teachers the opportunity to take part in a one week professional
development workshop at Starrs Mill High School. This workshop is designed to enhance teacher
understanding of the specific Algebra strands from the Common Core curriculum, but to do so in a way
that introduces teachers to WBTs that they can use with their students. Each day of the workshop has
specific math and technology topics that will be addressed and three follow-up sessions are scheduled on
Saturdays during the school year for revisions and reflections. A high quality team of instructors and
support staff will be on site during the workshop to address any and all needs of the participants, and to
evaluate the overall effectiveness of this professional development workshop. Since this workshop takes
place during the summer, there is a cost associated with this workshop, and those details are also
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Like many school systems, Fayette County has ample technology available for teacher and
student use. Unfortunately, in the past ten years, professional development for teachers has been a
victim of budget cuts within the state and the county. Many teachers are grossly unprepared to make
effective use of the technology that is currently residing in their building. These same teachers are not
unwilling to use these available resources, but they do lack the training. At the same time, students are no
longer gaining their knowledge outside of school buildings from books and print material. Students are
going online to find any information they want and are learning through videos, games, and even self-
guided tutorials in easy to follow digital form. The education community needs to meet students where
they are, in the digital world with digital devices, in order to captivate and educate them to their utmost
potential. This workshop is the first step of many towards changing teacher instruction from the sage on
Demonstrated Need
Fayette County Schools rank above state and local RESA averages for the past two years in
Coordinate Algebra content found on the Georgia End of Course Test (Table 1) (GADOE, 2013, 2014).
This data demonstrates the high quality of instruction that is currently taking place within the county high
schools. Even though Fayette ranks very high in the state overall, we are always looking for ways to
improve not just test scores, but the quality of education for our students. Because of this desire, Fayette
County administers Benchmark tests every 9 weeks to gauge student understanding on specific math
strands across the county. Based on these test results, there are some weaknesses that have been
identified in the 9th grade Coordinate Algebra classroom and need to be addressed. Specifically the
Common Core Algebra strands involving solving inequalities with one variable and interpreting graphs
with real world context have been identified as areas of poor performance as evidenced by student test
scores on the 9-week Fayette County Benchmark scores of 2014 (Table 2).
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Table 1
Table 2
A.REI 3: Solve linear equations and inequalities in one variable including 24.75%
equations with coefficients represented by letters.
A.CED 2: Create linear, quadratic, and exponential equations in two or more 13.34%
variables to represent relationships between quantities; graph equations on
coordinate axes with labels and scales.
F.IF 4: Using tables, graphs, and verbal descriptions, interpret the key 42.35%
characteristics of a function which models the relationship between two
quantities.
Data obtained from Mathematics Curriculum Office of Fayette County Board of Education (M. Henderson, personal
communication, October 5, 2015).
The professional development proposed in this project will strengthen the content knowledge of
teachers specifically in these three Algebra strands, but will also introduce them to web-based tools
(WBTs) that can enhance instruction in the classroom. Based on a small sample size survey of math
teachers at Starrs Mill High School, the majority of them respond in favor of learning to implement more
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technology into their instruction, but they simply do not have the time needed to do so. According to Kay
(2014), teachers and students alike are in favor of web based learning tools, but these tools have to be
interactive and visually appealing to the students. For this to be accomplished, the tool or tools must be
constructed well before the lesson is taught. The time to create this type of web application is an integral
part of this project proposal. In addition, this professional development will focus on using Chromebooks
to implement the WBTs in the classroom, which are already in place in most of the Fayette County high
schools. By improving teacher instruction of solving inequalities and interpreting graphical information in
context, teachers will be able to address and correct student misconceptions and increase student
achievement.
Jones and Dexter (2014) investigated the methods by which teachers learn how to use the
technology in their schools. They discovered that teachers are not much different from students.
Teachers prefer to learn in innovative ways using technology rather than sitting in a room being instructed
by an expert in the field. For this reason, teachers will learn to use WBTs in their classroom instruction by
experiencing firsthand the flexibility and rigor of learning that can occur through the use of WBTs. But is
digital instruction better than paper and pencil? Once again, not every tool is useful in every situation, but
students are used to learning with technology everywhere but inside the classroom. Eyyam and Yaratan
(2014) studied the impact of technology in mathematics lessons on student attitudes and achievement.
Their research showed students who were taught using technology performed better on the post-test
assessment than those without technology. Also, those students generally enjoyed learning mathematics
through the use of technology. By implementing technology into the instruction, students will be more
engaged than normal in learning and mastering these particular topics of Algebra.
Meaningful Partnerships
Fayette County mathematics teachers, specifically 8th and 9th grade teachers involved in teaching
Coordinate Algebra are the focus of this proposal, although any Fayette County math teacher could be a
participant. Recruitment of the participants will be handled by the mathematics curriculum coordinator of
Fayette County Schools, Mark Henderson. Teachers in Coordinate Algebra courses who are interested in
being part of the program will receive priority registration. If additional spaces are available for the
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program, math teachers at Starrs Mill High School followed by other county schools will be invited to
The support of the administrative staff at Starrs Mill High School has been critical for securing the
facility and resources needed to conduct this project during the summer of 2016. They are providing the
facility free of charge and will be available on-site for trouble shooting during the week of the project. In
addition, the administrative staff will be securing open access to the media center as well as acquiring
Chromebook carts for participants to use during the week. Also, the technology coordinator for Fayette
County schools, Kate Matthews, will be the technical expert during the week, and has the needed
experience to facilitate instruction for the technology component of this project. The University of Georgia
in Griffin currently offers continuing education courses for teachers in elementary and middle school
levels. By partnering with professors in the department of education, they will provide the necessary
guidance and resources for the project facilitators between pedagogy and technology in preparation for
this project. The education specialists at Griffin RESA are the professionals when it comes to conducting
week long professional development programs. Their support and guidance to the project director will
greatly impact the success of the project. If successful, Griffin RESA may be interested in offering the
Capacity
The following individuals comprise the project planning team for this grant proposal. Each person
listed has agreed to take part and serve before and during the planned week of professional development
Mr. Campbell is a mathematics teacher at Starrs Mill High School and an innovator within his
school with using technology in the mathematics classroom. He earned a Bachelors of Science in
Education degree in Secondary Mathematics from the University of Georgia in 1999, and has been
working at Starrs Mill ever since. He has 16+ years of teaching experience in all levels of high school
mathematics and holds a Masters degree in secondary mathematics education from the University of
West Georgia and is pursuing a Specialist degree in Instructional Technology also at the University of
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West Georgia. He has been a member of the school improvement plan project team twice, both times
serving as a data analyst for information collected from teachers. In addition, Mr. Campbell has earned
his gifted certification in mathematics as well as receiving College Board AP certification to teach
Calculus. For the past ten years, Mr. Campbell has been the AP Calculus BC teacher at Starrs Mill. His
students have been highly successful on the AP exam for Calculus BC throughout his tenure, but have
achieved unprecedented success the last five years. During this 5 year period, over 200 students have
taken his class and the subsequent AP exam, and over 92% have earned a passing score of a 3, 4, or 5
on the exam. In addition, his students are not only passing the test, but have earned an average AP score
of 4.22 (out of 5). Many of his students pursue engineering and mathematics degrees at research
This project proposal would not be possible without the support of the mathematics department
chairperson at Starrs Mill High School, Emily Willis. As a founding member of the Starrs Mill faculty, she
has led the mathematics department for the past 9 years. She has served on numerous school
improvement plan teams as well as mathematics curriculum revision teams at the school, county, and
state level. Ms. Willis has over 19 years of teaching experience in Fayette County, has a Masters degree
Calculus. Due to her extensive background with the mathematics standards, she is the perfect choice for
leading the teaching and understanding of the Algebra strands presented in this program.
Fayette County is fortunate to have a mathematics curriculum coordinator with the classroom experience
and professionalism exhibited by Mark Henderson. Mr. Henderson will be instrumental in encouraging
schools within the county to send their Coordinate Algebra teachers to be a part of this project. Along with
Ms. Willis, he will also be a facilitator for this project. Mr. Henderson has over 15 years of classroom
inclusion of students with disabilities and special needs. His insight into the potential uses for WBTs with
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this particular group of students will be valuable information to the participants. He holds a Specialist
degree in Educational Leadership and has been a valuable asset to the mathematics teachers of Fayette
County since assuming the position of curriculum coordinator two years ago.
The technology coordinator for the county, Kate Matthews, will be our technical expert for this project. In
addition to her support duties as a technology coordinator in Fayette County, Ms. Matthews shares her
research and expertise on emerging technologies for classroom use with teachers of all grade levels. As
an advocate for more teacher training in the uses of technology in the classroom, she will provide support
during the week for our technology needs in addition to expertise with the particular WBTs that we will be
using. Her department makes the recommendations to the school board as to the technology needed in
the classrooms, so her participation in this project could potentially effect the types of technology the
county provides for teachers in the future. Any feedback teachers can give her concerning the
effectiveness of the Chromebooks in instruction will aid the school system overall in deciding whether or
not to extend the Chromebook cart program to all middle and high schools.
The principal at Starrs Mill High School, Allen Leonard, has been vital for securing the facility and
resources needed to conduct a week of training during the summer. Under his leadership, different
administrators will be available during the week to handle any facility need that may arise. There will not
be any compensation for these men and women for their time since they are already under contract at
this time, however, this project would not be possible at this location without their efforts and support.
These former students of Starrs Mill High School are all interested in teaching mathematics as a
profession. All three of them successfully completed Mr. Campbells AP Calculus BC course and can add
a students perspective to the activities created during the week. Their main role will be to serve as
assistants for the project director and support staff for the facilitators during the week of the project.
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Project Evaluator: Janet Davis
Mrs. Davis has close to 30 years experience teaching mathematics, training math teachers, and
evaluating and revising mathematics curriculum at the county and state level. She is currently the owner
and chief consultant of Davis Educational Consulting, which is based in Fayetteville, Georgia. Mrs. Davis
is a former teacher at Starrs Mill High School before joining the Georgia Department of Education as a
mathematics curriculum specialist. Her special area of focus during this time was the training of teachers
in the Georgia Performance Standards mathematics curriculum, so she has extensive knowledge of
professional development programs. She has also worked in the textbook industry for Pearson publishing
as a mathematics curriculum specialist before starting her own educational consulting firm two years ago.
Teachers want content specific professional development that involves implementing technology
into their classrooms to make student learning more effective. What teachers usually receive is a one-
size-fits-all program of professional development which does not address classroom needs and
eventually leads to teacher apathy concerning professional development sessions. Teachers are and will
continue to be skeptical of the benefits of professional development when they do not view sessions as
beneficial no matter who the instructor is or the content. The primary goal of this project is to improve
teacher instruction of the Common Core Algebra strands for solving inequalities and interpreting graphs.
The objectives for this goal are that 1) Algebra teachers will demonstrate an increase in content
knowledge of solving inequalities and interpreting graphs, and 2) Algebra teachers will use their content
knowledge to design one technology-based interactive lesson for each Algebra strand covered by the end
of the week. The secondary goal of this project is to improve teacher knowledge of the applications and
benefits of WBTs in their classroom instruction. The objectives of this goal are 1) for participants to
increase knowledge and use of web-based tools, such as Kahoot.it, Nearpod, Socrative, OpenEd, in
conjunction with Chromebooks, and 2) for participants to produce one lesson activity using each of the
web-based tools introduced by the end of the week. Kay (2014, p.80) promotes the benefits of WBTs in
helping students learn, but also the necessity of having well thought out lesson plans to use with the
WBTs instead of treating them as a stand-alone instructor. Research by Pritchett, Wohleb, and Pritchett
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(2013, p.38) also shows that educators can view certain applications as less important when they do not
see the benefits of that application to their classroom. For this reason, this project is focusing on specific
Algebra topics in the mathematics classroom. When teachers are not trained to use and apply new
technology to its fullest in their classroom, there is a need for further professional development in this
area. Even though Starrs Mill High School has Chromebook carts, there has not been any professional
development on how to integrate these devices into classroom instruction. Overbaugh and Lu (2008)
were able to show an increase in teacher confidence when using technology through focused, intentional
professional development which then led to an increase in student learning. I hope to accomplish similar
results by providing teachers the tools and knowledge to design their own lesson plans that make use of
the devices available in their schools. Finally, the entire reason for teacher professional development is to
address the needs of students in these specific areas. Thus, a final objective would be an increase in
student performance in these specific Coordinate Algebra strands on the 2016 Benchmark assessments
Improve teacher instruction of the Common Core Low performance of Fayette County students on
Algebra strands for solving inequalities and specific Algebra standards on standardized
Objectives:
1a. Algebra teachers will demonstrate an increase in content knowledge of solving inequalities and
interpreting graphs.
1b. Algebra teachers will use their content knowledge to design one technology-based interactive lesson for
Improve teacher knowledge of the applications and Lack of teacher training of instructional technology
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Objectives:
2a. Participants will increase knowledge and use of web-based tools, such as Kahoot.it, Nearpod, Socrative,
2b. Participants will produce one lesson activity using each of the web-based tools introduced by the end of
the week.
Plan of Operation
The design of this project is for 15 teachers to participate in a five-day long professional
development program during the summer of 2016. On day 1, program participants will go through an
orientation program to familiarize them with the goals and objectives of the program, the schedule for the
week, the members of the project team, and the technology that will be used during the week. All
participants will take a brief survey concerning their experiences with the web-based tools as well as a
pre-test covering the content strands for Common Core Algebra: A.REI.3, A.CED.3, and F.IF.4. These
strands deal specifically with solving inequalities in with one variable as well as the interpretation of
graphs of functions. The second half of day 1 will consist of an overview of the WBTs that will be used
throughout the week as well as having teachers create professional accounts within Twitter and join a
Google Classroom dedicated to the sharing of comments and resources throughout the week and
afterwards. Days 2 through 5 will begin with a reflection and discussion period of the lessons learned from
the previous day. Comments from the Google Classroom and tweets from the Twitter feed will provide the
basis for these discussions as well as a record of the happenings from each day. Then, in the morning
session, participants will engage in technology-based instruction of the content strands for the week using
the WBT of the day. Participants will experience the benefit of student-centered instruction using
Lunch time is often a chance for teachers to collaborate out from under the eyes and ears of the
facilitators. For this reason, participants are encouraged to get lunch at one of the numerous restaurants
in the immediate area before returning to continue discussions of the morning sessions. After the lunch
break, participants will create components of a lesson (warmup, introduction, activity, assessment,
review) for use in the classroom using the WBT of the day. At the conclusion of each day, participants will
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tweet their thoughts to the group, answer a ticket out the door with Socrative, and/or post reflection
comments to the Google Classroom page dedicated to this professional development. In addition, since
the majority of these WBTs have a share feature, participants will be able to share their lesson
components with other teachers in the project group. A sample week long workshop schedule is included
Table 4
8:00-
Team Briefing Team Briefing Team Briefing Team Briefing Team Briefing
8:30
Welcome to the
Program;
Introductions; Debriefing- Debriefing- Debriefing- Debriefing-
8:30-
Content Pre- Discussion of Discussion of Discussion of Discussion of
9:30
Assessment; Reflections Reflections Reflections Reflections
WBT Survey
(8:30-10:30)
A.REI.3,
Focus A.REI.3 A.REI.3 A.CED.3 F.IF.4
A.CED.3, F.IF.4
12:00-
Working Lunch Working Lunch Working Lunch Working Lunch Working Lunch
1:00
Overview of
WBTs for the Kahoot.it.it Socrative 3 Lesson Plans
1:00- Nearpod lesson
week; lesson artifact lesson artifact involving WBTs
3:30 artifact creation
Introduction to creation creation (1:00-2:30)
OpenEd.com
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Content Post-
Assessment;
Session Session Session Session
3:30- Satisfaction
Recap/Ticket Recap/Ticket Recap/Ticket Recap/Ticket
4:00 Survey; Session
out the Door out the Door out the Door out the Door
Recap/Ticket
out the Door
Features of Kahoot.it.it
One thing you learned (using Socrative ticket out the door)
One thing you will use (using Socrative ticket out the door)
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There are three follow up days scheduled once teachers are back in the classroom. They are all
during the fall of 2016, each on a Saturday, one in September, one in October and one in December. The
first two days will be devoted to the sharing of teacher experiences with implementing the WBTs in their
classrooms along with opportunities to revise and refresh activities. Teachers will also be encouraged to
share new resources of WBTs or uses for WBTs in the instruction of mathematics in their classrooms.
Teachers will also complete a follow-up WBTs use survey during the first two days and will have the
opportunity to collaborate on refining current and creating new lessons activities. The feedback from
these follow-up sessions will refine the professional development program for future use. Ineffective or
outdated practices will be phased out in favor of innovative and more effective ones. The final session will
focus on the teacher experiences with WBTs and the impact they had on student performance. Teachers
will be asked to determine if the WBTs and accompanying lesson activities from the summer program had
Evaluation
The external evaluation of the project will be submitted by Janet Davis, owner and chief
consultant of Davis Educational Consulting, which is based in Fayetteville, Georgia. Mrs. Davis has over
evaluation of this project will include qualitative data in the form of observation checklists, surveys, and
teacher responses throughout the week in the summer and during the follow-up sessions. The
quantitative data collected will be an accounting of the number of lessons created and shared by the
teachers, the attendance of teachers throughout the program, a comparison of pre- and post-test data
covering content, and a comparison of student test data from before and after teachers participation in the
program. For each activity during the project, informal feedback from the teachers will be collected. At the
end of each day, teachers will be asked to respond to questions like what did you learn today? or do
you see yourself using this in your classroom? An observation checklist will be used to measure
engagement during the activities. Time allowing, teachers will have the opportunity to present their
technology-based lesson components to the group, using other teachers as a sample class. Post-
program surveys will determine how much teachers are using these new tools in their classroom
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compared to pre-project levels. Data collection strategies and evaluation instruments are included in
Table 6
Participants will produce one lesson Teachers will share 2 activities that
activity using each of the web-based support the instruction of Common
3, 5, 6, 7
tools introduced by the end of the Core Algebra Strands A.REI.3,
week. A.CED.3, and F.IF.4, 5.
Table 7
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classrooms. (Formative,
Summative)
Reflections-Discussions. Using
specific WBTs, participants will
provide feedback about their
experiences with the
components of the program. Beginning of Days 2-5 of 2016
3 (Formative) Lead Facilitator summer program
Analysis of Benchmark and GA
Milestone data. Data will be
analyzed for evidence of
increased student learning
when compared to pre-program
classes of same teachers.
4 (Summative) Evaluator Spring 2016, Fall of 2017
Classroom Observations.
Observations of lesson plans
developed during the week will
be completed several times
during the following academic
5 semester. (Formative) Program Director Fall 2016
Portfolio Review. A rubric will be
used to compare activities and
lesson plans among program Summer 2016 after summer
6 participants. (Summative) Evaluator program
Engagement Checklist.
Attendance, participation, and
engagement checklist will be
used during each day of the
7 program. (Formative) Evaluator Days 1-5
The final project evaluation report will be submitted by the end of the 2016 calendar year, but additional
test data will not be available until the end of the 2017 calendar year based on current data report
timelines. At this time, a revision of the final report will be possible to include state Milestone test data in
References
Eyyam, R., & Yaratan, H. S. (2014). Impact of use of technology in mathematics lessons on student
achievement and attitudes. Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal, 42, 31-42.
doi:10.2224/sbp.2014.42.0.S31
Georgia Department of Education. (2013). System Content Area Summary Report for Fayette County
School System [Data file]. Available from Fayette County Board of Education.
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Georgia Department of Education. (2014). System Content Area Summary Report for Fayette County
School System [Data file]. Available from Fayette County Board of Education.
Jones, W. S., & Dexter, S. (2014). How teachers learn: the roles of formal, informal, and independent
doi:10.1007/s11423-014-9337-6
Kay, R. (2014). Exploring the use of web-based learning tools in secondary school classrooms.
Overbaugh, R., & Lu, R. (2008). The impact of a NCLB-EETT funded professional development program
Pritchett, C. C., Wohleb, E. C., & Pritchett, C. G. (2013). Educators' perceived importance of web 2.0
33-38. doi:10.1007/s11528-013-0643-3
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Budget
As Project Director, J.B. Campbell will earn 11% of his annual salary of $61,500 for the 2015-
2016 academic year. He will make all arrangements related to the project in preparation for the week in
the summer of 2016. He will also assist in facilitating the project as well as the follow-up sessions in the
fall of 2016.
All other project personnel including the lead facilitator, curriculum consultant, and technology
consultant will be paid $500 per day of the project. The lead facilitator and curriculum consultant will also
receive $500 for each of the 3 days of follow-up sessions. The technology consultant will receive an
additional one days pay of $500 for pre-project technology setup, evaluation, and support, but is not part
The three student project assistants will be paid for the 5 days of the project an hourly wage of
$10 per hour. They are being paid for 9 hours each day of the project because they will be working before
Each program participant will receive a $500 stipend for attending all 8 sessions of the project.
70% of the stipend will be paid at the end of the project week, and the remaining 30% will be paid after
the final follow-up session. During the summer, participants are responsible for their own lunches. During
the follow-up sessions in the fall, box lunches will be provided for all participants (15 people), Mr.
The external evaluator, Janet Davis, will receive compensation totaling $2500 for her work with
this project. This amount accounts for 7% of the project budget before her compensation and indirect
costs to the school are paid. She will receive the first half of her payment after the initial workshop week
in the summer, and the remaining portion after submission of the final evaluation.
All of the WBTs used during this project are free services, however, there are subscriptions
available at the individual teacher level and system level for Nearpod and OpenEd. These paid account
subscriptions would allow project participants to experience the full benefit of these WBTs, however, they
are not essential to the goals of this project. As teachers make the transition to implementing these
services into their instruction, county administrators should review the need to purchase subscriptions for
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