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STRUCTURED QUESTIONS
1. 2004/P2/STRUCTURE/Q5
[1 mark]
(b) Based on Experiment II:
(i) State the reason why copper(II) oxide powder is added in excess.
.......
[1 mark]
(ii) State how the excess copper(II) oxide powder can be separated from the
products.
.......
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Akhmalazmi86@blogspot.com Form 4 Chapter 7 and 8
(iii) State the chemical equation for the reaction that takes place in Experiment II.
.......
[1 mark]
(iv) Calculate the maximum mass of the salt formed.
Use the information that the relative atomic mass of O =16, S = 32 and Cu = 64.
[2 marks]
(c) Experiment I is repeated. Sulphuric acid is replaced by hydrochloric acid of the same
concentration. Predict the volume of hydrochloric acid required for a complete reaction.
.
[1 mark]
(d) There are several steps in the preparation of the salts in each of the Experiments I and
II. State one difference in the steps between the two experiments.
Experiment I Experiment II
[1 mark]
2. 2005/P2/STRUCTURE/Q4
Table 4 shows the positive and negative ions in three salt solutions.
[1 mark]
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Akhmalazmi86@blogspot.com Form 4 Chapter 7 and 8
ion
ion
[1 mark]
.
[1 mark]
(d) When 10 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 sodium sulphate solution is added to excess lead(II)
nitrate solution, a white precipitate is formed.
.......
[2 marks]
.......
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
[1 mark]
(v) Calculate the mass of precipitate formed.
Given that the relative atomic mass of O = 16, S = 32, and Pb = 207.
Use the formula : Mass = Number of mole x Relative molecular mass
[2 marks]
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Akhmalazmi86@blogspot.com Form 4 Chapter 7 and 8
3. 2006/P2/STRUCTURE/Q4
(a) 8 g of solid sodium hydroxide, NaOH, is dissolved in distilled water to produce a solution
of 1000 cm3.
The NaOH solution produced has the concentration of 8 g dm-3 and molarity of 0.2
mol dm-3.
(i) State the meaning of the concentration for the solution produced.
.
[1 mark]
(Ii) State the meaning of the molarity for the solution produced.
.
[1 mark]
(iii) Write the formula that represents the relationship between the number of mole
(n), molarity (M) and volume (V) for the solution.
.
[1 mark]
(iv) Substitute the actual values of the number of mole, molarity and volume of the
NaOH solution into the formula in 3(a)(iii).
[Relative molecular mass of NaOH = 40]
[1 mark]
(b) Diagram 4.1 shows the precipitation of the standard solution of NaOH, 0.2 mol dm-3.
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Akhmalazmi86@blogspot.com Form 4 Chapter 7 and 8
(i) What are the two parameters that should be measured accurately to prepare the
standard solution of NaOH?
Parameter I :...
Parameter II :
[2 marks]
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Akhmalazmi86@blogspot.com Form 4 Chapter 7 and 8
(ii) After all the NaOH solution is poured into the volumetric flask, the beaker and
the filter funnel must be rinsed several times with distilled water.
After each rinse, all of this water is transferred into the volumetric flask.
Give one reason for doing this.
.
[1 mark]
(iii) What step should be taken to ensure that the meniscus level of the standard
solution is exactly in line with the graduation mark on the volumetric flask.
.
[1 mark]
(iv) A volumetric flask is more suitable to be used in the preparation of the standard
solution rather than a beaker.
Why?
.
[1 mark]
(v) Why is the volumetric flask stoppered after the standard solution is prepared?
.
[1 mark]
4. 2003/P3/STRUCTURE/Q2
A student has carried out an experiment to construct an ionic equation for the formation of
lead(II) iodide. The experiment was carried out according to the following steps:
Step I 5.0 cm3 of potassium iodide solution 1.0 mol dm-3 was poured into each test
tube labeled P, Q, R, S, T, U, and V.
Step II 0.5 cm3 of lead(II) nitrate solution 1.0 mol dm-3 was added into test tube P.
Step III Step II was repeated for test tubes Q, R, S, T, U, and V using the volumes
in Table 1.
Step IV All the test tubes were put in the rack to allow lead(II) iodide to precipitate.
Test Tube P Q R S T U V
Volume of lead(II) nitrate
solution 1.0 mol dm-3/cm3
Height of lead(II) iodide
precipitate /cm
Table 1
(a) Figure 2 shows seven test tubes for the above experiment. Using the ruler given ,
measure the height of lead(II) iodide precipitate in test tubes P, Q, R, S, T, U, and V in
Figure 2. Record the height of the precipitate in Table 1.
[3 marks]
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Akhmalazmi86@blogspot.com Form 4 Chapter 7 and 8
(b) Based on Table 1, draw a graph of the height of the precipitate against volume of
lead(II) nitrate solution on the graph paper on page .
[3 marks]
(i) Mark and write the minimum volume of lead(II) nitrate solution needed for
complete reaction with 5.0 cm3 of potassium iodide solution 1.0 mol dm-3.
[3 marks]
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Akhmalazmi86@blogspot.com Form 4 Chapter 7 and 8
(ii) Using the volume obtained in I(i), show the calculation for obtaining the number
of moles of Pb2+ and I- ions that are required for the formation of lead(II) iodide.
Then calculate the number of moles of I- ions that has reacted with 1 mol of Pb2+
ions.
[3 marks]
(iii) Write the ionic equation for the formation of lead(II) iodide.
..
[3 marks]
(d) What can you observe about the height of the precipitate in Figure 2?
..
..
..
[3 marks]
..
..
..
[3 marks]
(f) Categorise the ions found in the lead(II) nitrate solution and the potassium iodide
solution used in the experiment into positive and negative ions.
[3 marks]
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Akhmalazmi86@blogspot.com Form 4 Chapter 7 and 8
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Akhmalazmi86@blogspot.com Form 4 Chapter 7 and 8
2005/P2/Q4
2 (a) cation
(b) Cu2+ ions & SO42- ions , H+ ions & OH- ions
(c) Na2SO4
(d) (i) Na2SO4 + Pb (NO3)2 2NaNO3 + PbSO4
(ii) I mol of lead(II) nitrate reacts with 1 mol of sodium nitrate to produce 1 mol of
lead(II) sulphate and 2 moles of sodium nitrate
(iii) Lead(II) sulphate
(iv) Number of mole = 10/1000 x 0.5 = 0.005
(v) Mass = 0.005 x (207 + 32 + 16 x 4) or 0.005 x 303 = 1.515 g
2006/P2/Q4
3 (a) (i) Concentration the quantity or amount of solute (grams) dissolves in a
given volume(1 dm3) of solution
(Ii) Molarity the number of moles of solutes that are present in 1 dm3 of solution.
(iii) n = MV(cm3) /1000 or n = MV(dm3)
(iv) n = 8/40 = 0.2 mole , M = 0.2 x 1000/1000, M = 0.2 mol dm-3
(b) (i) Parameter I : mass / moles of NaOH
Parameter II : volume of solution or distilled water
(ii) No traces of sodium hydroxide is left on the filter funnel or beaker for accurate
concentration or amount of solute used is accurate and not less
(iii) Add distilled water drop by drop until the meniscus is at the calibration mark
(iv) Measures the volume accurately
(v) To prevent evaporation or evaporation of water can cause the changes in
concentration or easy to swirl the solution
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Akhmalazmi86@blogspot.com Form 4 Chapter 7 and 8
2003/P3/Q2
4 (a) Test Tube P Q R S T U V
Volume of lead(II) nitrate 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
solution 1.0 mol dm-3/cm3
Height of lead(II) iodide 1.1 2.2 3.4 4.4 5.5 5.5 5.5
precipitate /cm
Table 1
(The diagram given is not to scale - please refer to the original SPM question paper for
accuracy of readings)
Height of precipitate
(cm)
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Akhmalazmi86@blogspot.com Form 4 Chapter 7 and 8
1. 2003/P2/Q4/SECTION C
(a) A farmer discovered that his vegetables were not growing well because the soil was
poor and acidic. As a chemistry student, you can help the farmer.
Suggest how the farmer can overcome the problem.
[2 marks]
(b) Figure 7 shows an incomplete flow chart of cation and anion tests for salt X.
Use the reagents listed below and complete the flow chart to confirm that salt X
contains Pb2+ ions and CO32- ions. Include your observations.
REAGENTS
Dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute nitric acid and lime water
[8 marks]
(c) You are required to prepare dry magnesium chloride salt. The chemicals supplied are
magnesium sulphate solutions,
dilute hydrochloric acid,
potassium carbonate solution
Describe a laboratory experiment to prepare the salt. In your description, include the
chemical equations involved.
[10 marks]
2. 2005/P2/Q8/SECTION B
(a) The following information is about hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid.
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Akhmalazmi86@blogspot.com Form 4 Chapter 7 and 8
(b) Figure 8.1 shows two reagent bottles each containing an aqueous solution.
Qualitative analysis can be used to determine the presence of cations and anions in
solutions.
Describe chemical tests that can be used to verify the ions in each solution.
[10 marks]
(c) A pupil carried out an experiment to investigate the chemical changes that occur to
copper(II) sulphate as a result of reaction P.
The result of the experiment is shown in Figure 8.2.
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Akhmalazmi86@blogspot.com Form 4 Chapter 7 and 8
3. 2007/P2/Q7/SECTION B
(a) The following are three examples of sulphate salts that can be prepared in the
laboratory.
Potassium sulphate, K2SO4
Lead(II) sulphate, PbSO4
Zinc sulphate, ZnSO4
(i) From these examples, identify the soluble and insoluble salts.
[2 marks]
(ii) State the reactants for the preparation of the insoluble salt in 3(a)(i).
[2 marks]
(b) With the aid of a labelled diagram, explain the crystallisation method for preparing a
soluble salt from its aqueous solution.
[6 marks]
(c) Table 7 shows the observations from some tests carried out on salt X.
Test Observation
I : Heating of salt X solid A metal oxide is formed and a brown
gas is given off
II : Salt X solution is mixed with excess A white precipitate which is insoluble in
aqueous ammonia excess aqueous ammonia is formed
Table 7
4. 2008/P2/Q10/SECTION C
(a) Table 10 shows the pH values for solutions of acid A and acid B which have the
same concentration.
Acid pH value
A 1
B 5
Table 10
By using one named example for each acid, explain why the pH values of the acids
are different.
[6 marks]
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Akhmalazmi86@blogspot.com Form 4 Chapter 7 and 8
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Akhmalazmi86@blogspot.com Form 4 Chapter 7 and 8
heat
A colourless solution is formed
Gas evolved is flowed into lime water
- Measure required volume (50 -100 cm3) of molarity(0.5 - 1.0 mol dm-3)
- magnesium sulphate solution by using a measuring cylinder and poured into a
beaker
- Measure required volume (50 -100 cm3)of molarity(0.5 1.0 mol dm-3)
potassium carbonate solution by using a measuring cylinder and poured into
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Akhmalazmi86@blogspot.com Form 4 Chapter 7 and 8
another beaker
- Mix the two solutions and a white precipitate ,magnesium carbonate,(MgCO3)
is formed
2005/P2/Q8/SECTION B
2 (a) - Hydrochloric acid(strong acid) ionises completely in water to produce a high
concentration of hydrogen ions
- if the concentration of H+ ions is high, the pH value is low
- Ethanoic acid (weak acid) ionises partially in water to produce low
concentration of hydrogen ions
- If the concentration of H+ ions is high, the pH value is high
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Akhmalazmi86@blogspot.com Form 4 Chapter 7 and 8
2007/P2/Q7/SECTION B
3 (a) (i) Soluble salt Insoluble salt
Potassium sulphate, K2SO4 Lead(II) sulphate, PbSO4
Zinc sulphate, ZnSO4
(ii)
lead(II) nitrate, Pb(NO3)2 or lead(II) ethanoate(CH3COO)2Pb and
sodium sulphate or potassium sulphate or all soluble sulphate salt
(b) The crystallisation method for preparing a soluble salt from its aqueous solution;-
Filter the solution to remove impurities and pour the filtrate into an
evaporating dish
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Akhmalazmi86@blogspot.com Form 4 Chapter 7 and 8
Press the crystals with a few pieces of filter papers to dry them
2008/P2/Q10/SECTION C
4 (a)
Acid A Acid B
Hydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid or ethanoic acid or phosphoric acid
nitric acid
Strong acid weak acid
Ionises completely in water Ionises partially in water
HCl H+ + Cl- CH3COOH CH3COO- + H+
Concentration of H+ is high Concentration of H+ is low
Apparatus: beakers, filter funnel , retort stand, measuring cylinder, glass rod
Materials : lead(II) nitrate solution (1.0 2.0 mol dm-3), sodium sulphate solution or
any soluble sulphates (0.5 1.0 mol dm-3) or (0.5 1.0 mol dm-3)
sulphuric acid, filter paper, wash bottle
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Akhmalazmi86@blogspot.com Form 4 Chapter 7 and 8
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