EnergyEfficientStreetLighting

Programs
CaseStudiesfromThailandandTonga

SommaiPhonAmnuaisuk
InternationalInstituteforEnergyConservation(IIEC)Asia

DemandSideManagementWorkshop
ImplementationExperiencesandRelevancetothePacificIslandCountries

PacificPowerAssociation21 AnnualConferenceand6thEngineersWorkshop
st

WarwickLeLagonSpa&Resort,PortVila,Vanuatu
17thofJuly2012

 PresentationOutline
PurposesandImportanceofStreetLighting
EnergyConsumptionandLightingQualityof
StreetLightingSystems
EnergyEfficientTechnologiesforStreetand
OutdoorLighting
CaseStudiesThailandandTonga
PurposesandImportanceofStreet
(andOutdoor)Lighting
Allowusersofvehiclestoproceedsafely

Allowpedestrianstoseehazards,orientate
themselves,recognizeotherpedestriansandgive
themasenseofsecurity

Improvenighttimeappearanceofthe
environment

Source:CIE115:1995
StreetLightingEnergyConsumption
GlobalPerspectives
Globally,streetlightingisbelievedtoaccountfor
159terawatthours(TWh)ofelectricityuseperyear
(CCI,StreetLightingRetrofitProjectsWhitePaper,
June2010).
Lightingcanaccountfor1038%ofthetotalenergy
billintypicalcitiesworldwide(USAIDECOIII
Project).
StreetLightingEnergyConsumption
CountryStudies
Streetandoutdoorlightingaccountsforabout60%ofthe
totalelectricityconsumptionbymunicipalitiesinThailand
(IIEC,2012).
 StreetLightingQuality
Twobodiesresponsibleforsettingqualitybaselinestreetlighting
standardsinternationally:
TheInternationalLightingCommittee(CIE)moreprevalentthroughout
Europe,Africa,theMiddleEast,andAsia
TheIlluminatingEngineeringSocietyofNorthAmerica(IESNA)
recommendedpracticescitedthroughoutNorthandSouthAmerica.
Standards/RecommendedPracticesforStreetLighting
CIE115LightingofRoadsforMotorandPedestrianTraffic
CIE180RoadTransportLightingforDevelopingCountries
ANSI/IESNARP8AmericanNationalStandardPracticeforRoadwayLighting
TwoImportantCriteriaminimumaveragelightlevelsanduniformity
ratios

BasicsofStreetLighting

UniformityRatios

LightLevels

Source:CIE118:2007
 LightLevelsandUniformityRatios
Averagelightlevels
Luminance:candelaspersquaremeter(cd/m2)
Illuminance:lumenspersquaremeterorlux(lx)
UniformityRatios
Overalluniformity(U0):minimum(luminanceorilluminance)/
average
Uniformityalongtheaxisoftheroad(U1):minimum(luminanceor
illuminance)/maximum
DesignParameters
Mountingheight,Layout,PoleSpacing,LampType,Luminaire
WhatStandardsSay?CIE115&118
CIE115:2007RecommendationsfortheLightingofMotorizedTraffic(updated)
LightingClass Luminance(cd/m2) Uniformity(Uo)
M1 2.0 0.4
M2 1.5 0.4
M3 1.0 0.4
M4 0.75 0.4
M5 0.5 0.4

CIE118:2007RoadTransportLightingforDevelopingCountries
Category Luminance(cd/m2) Uniformity(Uo)
Residentialareas,pedestriansand 12lux 0.2
manynonmotorizedvehicles
Largelyresidential,butsome 45lux 0.2
motorizedvehicles
Majoraccessroads,distributors 0.5cd/m2(~8lux) 0.4
andminormainroads
Importantruralandurbantraffic 1cd/m2(~15lux) 0.4
routes
Highspeedroads,dual 1.5cd/m2(~25lux) 0.4
carriageways
 WhatStandardsSay?IESNA

Source:RecommendationsforEvaluatingStreetandRoadwayLuminaires,LRC,April2011
LightingQualityinDeveloping
Countries

Manila,Philippines TrangProvince,Thailand

Apia,Samoa Rarotonga,theCookIslands
BasicEnergyEfficientTechnologiesfor
StreetandOutdoorLighting
Energyefficienttechnologiesshallprovidelightingperformancequality
either:
Equivalenttoorbetterthanthebaselinelightingperformance;or
Equivalenttoorbetterthantheapplicablestreetlightingstandard.
Usebetterefficiencylamps/luminaires:
ReplaceMercuryVapor(MV)withMetalHalide(MH),HighPressureSodium
(HPS)orInductionLamp
ReplaceoldluminaireswithhigherLightOutputRatio(LOR)luminaires
Replaceconventionallamp+luminairewithLEDluminaire
Uselightingcontrols:
OnOffschedulecontrol
Bilevelormultipleleveldimming
 StreetLightingLuminaires
HIDLampsvsLED
Conventionalstreetlighting
luminaireshaveusedreflectorsto
controlthelightdistribution.
LEDluminaireshavetheadvantage
thatthelightcanbecontrolledbya
lensnotareflector.

510%opticallosses
1530%opticallosses

IESNAOutdoorLightDistributionTypes
 CaseStudyThailand
Projectname:Mainstreaming
EnergyEfficiencyinThai
Municipalities
FundingAgency:ADB
(US$80,000)withcofinancing
frommunicipalities
Objective:Todemonstrate
feasibility(lightingqualityand
energyperformance)ofLED
technologyforstreetand
outdoorlightingin6pilot
municipalities
 Specifications
PreparationofTechnicalSpecifications
PrimarilybasedononIECandIEC/PASforLEDModule/ArrayandLED
Driver
CIEdocumentsreferencedforlightingqualityanduniformity
AverageIlluminance:21.5lux(referencedbyDepartmentofHighway)
Uniformity:0.4
40metersspan,8meterswidth,9metersheight
Otherrequirements
Maxpowerconsumption:150Watts(includingdriver)toreplaceHPS/MV
250W
5yearswarranty
3samplesforonsitemeasurements

 Procurements
Technicalevaluation
Primarilybasedontestreportsfromaccreditedtestinglabs
Manufacturersspecificationsandtestreportsalsoreferenced
StringencywasgiventoevaluationofLEDdriver,ratherthanLEDmodule
Note:Allsupplierswererequestedtosubmitthesimulationresultoflighting
performance(averageilluminanceanduniformity),andallsubmissionsmet
mettherequirements.
Selections
3supplierspassedtechnicalevaluationbutonlyonemettherequirementson
21.5luxand0.4uniformity(40metersspan,8meterswidthand9meters
mountingheight)
Unitpurchasecostfor120LEDluminaire(includinginstallationand
monitoringat6pilotmunicipalitiesnationwide)=US$917
OnSiteEvaluationDesignofLED
Luminaires
OnSiteEvaluationIlluminance
Measurements
InstallationofLEDLuminairesinPilot
Municipalities(1)
TotalLEDLuminairesinstalled:100unitsof120WLED(JulySeptember2011)

InstallationofLEDLuminairesinPilot
Municipalities(2)
Pre&PostInstallation
LumphunMunicipality
Pre&PostInstallation
NongkhaiMunicipality
Pre&PostInstallation
UdonthaniMunicipality
Pre&PostInstallation
KrabiMunicipality
EffectofRoadSurfaceReflection
Pre&PostInstallation
TrangMunicipality
OnSiteMeasurements
 PreandPostInstallation
MeasurementResults(1)
PreIlluminance Post Pre Post
Municipality Luminaire (Lux) Illuminance Uniformity Uniformity
(Lux)
Trang MV250LED120 5.8 27.4 0.36 0.50
Krabi MV250LED120 5.2 30.5 0.29 0.40
Nongkhai HPS250LED120 5.2 19.0 0.19 0.27
Udonthani HPS250LED120 10.4 17.2 0.10 0.17
Lumphun HPS250LED120 9.5 16.5 0.10 0.18
Banpong HPS250LED120 24.7 30.6 0.32 0.52
 PreandPostInstallation
MeasurementResults(2)

Illuminance

Uniformity
ReductionofEnergyConsumption
 ReturnonLEDInvestment
Unitpurchasecost=US$917
Averageannualoperatinghours(basedonactualmeasurement)=4,500
hours
UnitpowersavingsMV250WLED120W:
MV250Wtotalconsumption(lamp+ballast)=330W
LED120Wtotalconsumption(LED+driver)=130W
Savingperunit=200W
Savingsperluminaire:
Annualenergysavings=200Wx4,500hours=900kWh
Annualcostsavings(basedonaverageelectricitytariffinThailand)=900kWhxUS$0.12
=US$108
SimplePayback=US$917/US$108=8.5years
Estimatedluminaireservicelifetime=50,000hours/4,500annualoperatinghours=11
years

 CaseStudyTonga
Projectname:PromotingEnergyEfficiencyinthePacific(Phase1)
FundingAgency:ADB
Objective:Toreduceelectricityconsumptionandmaintenancecosts,as
wellastogatherandquantifytheperformancedataoftheLEDstreet
lightingtechnologyintheTongancontext
 Specifications
Luminousflux(lightoutput)greaterthan7,500lumensanda
luminousefficacygreaterthan80lumen/Watt.
Powerfactorgreaterthan0.95andapowersupplyefficiency
greaterthan90%Minimumlifeof50,000hourswithawell
designedheatsinkenhancingoutputandprolongingthe
expectedlifeoftheunit.
Day/nightsensorforautomaticswitchingon/offoftheunits
WeatherresistancetoIP65,hencereducinginternalfitting
corrosion
 ProcurementandInstallation
Unitpurchasecostfor120WLEDluminaire(excludinginstallation)=US$679
109LEDluminairesinstalledunderthePEEP1pilotproject

CourtesyofTPL
HPSStreetlight
LEDStreetlight
 ReductionofEnergyConsumption

Showsmonthlyconsumptionmeasuredforeachstreetlightcircuit(notenotall
streetlightswereworking).
 LEDStreetlightassessment

HPS250W LED100W LEDDifference

Individualpurchasecost(US$) $545 $679 +$134
Totalpurchasecost(US$) $59,052 $73,849 +$14,797
Averagemonthlyconsumptionperstreetlight(kWh) 50 36 14
Averagemonthlyconsumptionfortotalpilot(kWh) 5,450 3,882 1,568
Averageannualconsumptionfortotalpilot(kWh) 65,400 46,584 18,816
Averagecostannualconsumptionfortotalpilot(US$) $38,698 $25,635 $13,063
Averageilluminance(lux) 7.7 13.1 +5.4
Minimumilluminance(lux) 2.5 8.9 +6.4
Uniformityofilluminance(min/avg) 0.33 0.68 +0.34

Simplypayback(basedonaverageelectricitytariffinTonga)=US$73,849/13,063=5.65years
 Conclusions
LEDluminairesforstreetandoutdoorlightinghave
demonstratedtheirabilitiestodeliverbetterlighting
performancewith40%60%lessenergyconsumption.
SelectionofappropriateLEDluminairestomeetthebaselinelighting
performancemayresultinmoreenergysavings.
Ongoingdatacollectionsareimportanttovalidateactual
lumenmaintenanceperformanceandreductionof
maintenancecosts.
LEDluminairescouldbeeconomicallyfeasible(with35years
payback)forthePacificregionduetohighelectricitytariff
(dependinguponselectionandapplications).






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