FEATURE

Preview of Natlonal Annex to EC8:

Seismic Loadings for Peninsular
Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak
by h. Prof. M. C. Hee

INTRODUCTION Updated Model for Peninsular Malaysia", held on 16th-17th

ln April 2013, a technical paper entitled, Recommended
Earthquake Loading Model For Peninsular Malaysia
was published in IEM Jurutera. This was followed by
publication in lStructE Conference 2013 (held in Beijing and
Shanghai) under the title Earthquake Loading Model ln The
Proposed National Annex To Eurocode8 For Peninsular
Malaysia, both of which were presented by Professor
Nelson Lam (refer to Figure 1).
ln both papers, the Preliminary Hybrid Seismic
Response Spectrum Model for Peninsular Malaysia was
presented internationally for the first time.
ISkuctE Conference 2013 PiPer
Pen{reilar Malalsia"
lEtlt&i d !MEd t4iRECsf.ffi
{n sffiud&rl,rerirtft tud ffityttu
July, 2074, the updated preliminary design spectrum for
Peninsular Malaysia, and a newly established preliminary
a design spectrum for Sabah and Sarawak were introduced.
The report gave a brief introduction into the three
response spectra mentioned above, for a return period of
2,500 years of seismic wave transmission at bedrock level.
PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
For the distant earthquake model, the Uniform Hazard
Spectrum (UHS) developed by Pappin et al (2011) was
modulated to incorporate the latest updates of Ground
Motion Prediction Models. For the local earthquake, a
deterministic design scenario of M6 at R=20km, based on
global hazard model was recommended, reconciling with
the world average of intraplate eafthquakes for a return

I*tstubtuaeykiiry2e29odMt Atu\t Mklfutunil@ t W20L? period of 2,500 years.

The updated model was revised from the proposed 2013
s lRTnQr,AKf, LOADLTaG voDEL IN TlIf, PRoPOSED |iATIONAL Design Spectrum Model for Peninsular Malaysia to cater
*\}.EX TO ETROCODE fOR PENLNSULAR If{LAfSL{
for better understanding of local intraplate earthquakes
8

Nelson Lam and modulated corner periods. Combining both distant

Dspartment of lnfrastrocture Enginoing and local hazards, the updated model was presented in
Ths University of Melbome, both displacement-based and force-based formats, and
Parkville. \4ctoria Autralia
expressed algebraically. in a manner similar to EC8 peak
iltu4hB
D,TW Iei:.il1c Hdtr tlH {ia!imdxI:KLmr ground acceleration format.
! t tdd4deTdth Me tuId@of Eei!reqdl
MiEJaabSH#i.
r cifugcry r,rs${&T{hd((fu@tu aiotulf Eqtusdsiq Figure 2a below is the displacement spectra, and figure
kdd8lqa!&P\d#L
: Fdt.thadgdM@sdsq
M.ll'@s(dM
s*dmeLddryaffdMF, 2b is the acceleration spectra. From the figures, up to period
:tlrffiIotltu .&BbdnsV.ikIorN&w,
tll|],ol@.tddi4-.@b of 2s, the spectra is controlled by the local earthquake, after
2s the distant earthquake controls.
Figure 1: Front cover of lstructE Conference 2013 paper

From the April 2013 IEM workshop on earthquake and
the two technical papers published in 2013, the following
are the key points to note:
1. The use of 2,500-year return period and displacement
based approach for seismic analysis.
2 One unified standardised seismic response spectrum
model developed for the whole peninsula.
3 Two-tier site factor approach
conditions.
ln the IEM workshop on "2-day Workshop
Recommended Earthquake Loading Model in the Proposed
National Annex to Euro Code 8 for Sabah, Sarawak &
SARAWAK
With reference to Kuching, Sarawak, earthquakes of
magnitude 3 5Mb to 5.3Mb have occurred within 500
km from Kuching. There are some major faults in the
State, including the Kelwait Fault and Bukit Masing Fault
(Figure 3)
A single unified response spectrum for Sarawak is
recommended, using the same principle as that for the
updated model for Peninsular Malaysia, such that the local
to account for local and distant models are regulated using the displacement
format (Figure 4a) and presented both in displacement and
EC8 peak ground acceleration format (Figure 4b). As seen
on in the figure, the design spectrum for Sarawak is controlled
by the local eafthquakes.

32 | JURUTERA September 2014

 FEATU RE

s - .ttri$*rdrerd l?hrr sa.6rt

00?.' :1 {,Hg {r irJ
"*'o.* !6{*.r*{U4El0}:*6J
{gd i Ltf,lh8
".""-fr*csna {"J
3 s** j**rw
6 {t6,
ltt
d
oon:

083]
I

0s31

001 l
0
a t( I oa f55
T(r)
Figure 2a: Displacement format of Design Spectrum modelfor peninsutar Malaysia

*--e'*lj{}trd|ll}!eJ4gtlr$}!(T.ri I
$ |i.l$ {:{ !.1
* o * O'|tn rore (t A 8:t1b..d alltr$lr{,
.p !F!$f
I -.,i. r,. F6t e.Y!i' tar46 {-fC}
i(
a i a ,- * kod frtrraf g.(bC ftSj
c.

15

0
0 0.5 ?.5325335d{_s
r{rl
Figure 2b: EC8 peak ground acceleration format Design spectrum modet for peninsular Mataysia

Figure 3: Kuching Reference Distance to fault zones

gABAI'{
Since Sabah is very near highly volatile, earthquake-prone countries
such as lndonesia and Philippines, the chances of an earthquake happening
there cannot be taken lightly or overruled ln the past, earthquakes of
magnitude greater than 5 have been recorded at a distance of approximately

Sepiember 2014 JURUTERA | 33

 FEATURE 100km from Sabah (Figure 5). Hence a unified design model for the whole
of Sabah was recommended (Figure 6alb), similar to that for Peninsular
Malaysia and Sarawak.

FRELIMINARY COSTING
Preliminary structural cost implication due to the proposed Hybrid Design
Spectrum was carried out on structures of rigid-jointed frame for 1-storey and
5-storey buildings, shear wall-frame for 10-storey and cored-wall for 30-storey
buildings.

005 ' {j.l5lqd6ffi llh6srrdyl

:r u{9 td 5c}
0.&r5 * t * Oer{f, ssb tl4d R:0i bed
8.04 fW
''"-""..Fd@rsrird ('cl
o o35
--* 3{ddffiFstld{TD}
003
0 Q25

0,o?
I
0 015
I
I
r *-*l
0.01 "i
0@5

0-5 11522533.5
T{r}

Figure 4a: Displacement format of Design Spectrum model for Sarawak

1 Lmiqdi'lsn *stfq,'krr 1-f& ga'Cyl

Ul6 t*6e)
'
-. * * Oe:iF rM iUA R:0] bsnl drdwtr

--------F*'i @ FsBd lTC:

**-SsodffiFffiltol

05

0
2 2..5 3 3'5
r{r)
Figure 4b: ECB peak ground acceleration format Design Spectrum model for Sarawak

Refer to the IEM "2-day Workshop on Recommended Earthquake Loading

Model in the Proposed National Annex to Euro Code 8 for Sabah, Sarawak &
Updated Model for Peninsular Malaysia",l6th-17th July, 20L4 lecture notes
for further details in the costing.

Figure 5: Sabah Reference Distance to fault zones

34 | JURUTERA Seprember 2014

 ; lHs {fh! Shdli
ox.
:r 5!i FEATU RE
*4-- stu{XAR3OibdSEb
I _Oisp|ac.llsh,rE
0:5, ..--...-e,Rr...*'.#ftci
Refer to the IEM "2-day Workshop on Recommended
Earthquake Loading Model in the Proposed NationalAnnex
to Euro Code 8 for Sabah, Sarawak & Updated Model for
0: Peninsular Malaysia",l6th-17th July, 2014 lecture notes for
r: further details.
01-

EONELUSION
Itcan be concluded that:
0 CS 1 15 2 35 3 35 4 45 5
Hybrid Design Response Spectrum for Peninsular Malaysia
Tte)
is a combination of short and long distant earthquake with
Figure 6a: Displacement format of Design Spectrum model for Sabah
a peak ground acceleration of 0 19 for a return period of
.,
2,500 years at bedrock level
Utse fE5 Sdli
: uBg t.i tll
- ** O6Eo etr6 M dnh@&
(il6 i?di
1. Hybrid Design Response Spectrum for Sarawak is
r llf dominated by local earthquake with a peak ground
35:1,
acceleration of 0.19 for a return period of 2,500 years
r. i
at bedrock level
25i:a
ri. 2. Hybrid Design Response Spectrum for Sabah is
dominated by long distant earthquake with a peak
ground acceleration of 0 189 for a return period of 2,500
years at bedrock level,
f5 ? :5 3 35 ,{ 45 5
Tt!l
3. Preliminary structural cost increase (excluding
Figure 6b: EC8 peak ground acceleration format Design Spectrum model foundation) is only 3 4"/" for a L0-storey building. I
for Sabah
lr" Prsf. f4.e . Hee is a member l{ IEM Technicalccn"}mittee on Esdhquake,
\iiarkiF-q Grcup -'1 Chairinan Study on Peak Ground Acceleration ancl
Resp.rns+ 3pos;'x. iJr llala},sra
RECGMMFNDATION
The recommended earthquake design spectrums presented
at the workshop are as summarised below in Table 1.

Table 1 Parameters for Hybrid Design Spectrum for

P Malaysia, Sabah, Sarawak

I ok change in cost vs building height

b
o 15

d
z
10

ouk os% roYo 15% 2190 2s% 30% 1s%

% lncrass lh cost

&P Malaysia *Sacwak esdbah

sl
P Maldysid+ sarawik+01 *9* sabah+o1
-a- -t-

lnstitusi mengucapkan terima kasih kepada semua yang telah memberikan

Figure 7: Pretiminary structural cost increase (excluding foundation)
sumbangan kepada tabung Bangunan Wisma IEM Ahli-ahli IEM dan pembaca yang
ingin memberikan sumbangan boleh berbuat demikian dengan memuat turun
borang di laman web IEM http://www iem.org my atau menghubungi secretariat
di +603-7968 4OO1/5518 untuk maklum,at lanjut. Senarai penyumbang untuk bulan
September 2014 adalah seperti jadual di bawah:

1 19947 ABDOLSALAM BIN NS 5 1,2569 EWEDYBACH1

IllOHAIVED SARIFF
6 4+285 MOHAMAD FARIZBIN
2 17404 ABDULLAH BIN ABDUL ] MOHAI\4ED NASIR
RAH1VAN 7 10855 SHAHAR BINABDULI.AH
3 14771 AMBROS A]L FRANCIS
8 55870 VIMALANNAI\4BIERIVL
GEORGE
VIJI1AN
4 24811 AMIRULZIZI BIN UDA NOOR
ABDUL KARIM

Spi+mber 2Ci.1 JURUTERA | 35

 Half-day Seminar
on "lmpact of
Structural
Eurocodes on by lr. Dr Ng Soon C"

Steel and Composite

Steel-Concrete
Structures"
THE Civil and Structural Engineering Technical Division (CSET:
of IEM and Hiap Teck Venture Berhad (HTVB) Group of Compani:
jointly organised a half-day seminar titled lmpact Of Structu..
Eurocodes On Steel and Composite-steel Concrete Structures T-
seminar, sponsored by HTVB, was held at Sunway Resort Hotel :
22nd November 2013 and attended by 95 parlicipants.
The speaker was Associate Professor Dr Chiew Sing-pin;
an expert on steel structures from the School Of Civil A-
Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological Univers:
Singapore He was also the Past President of the Singapc'
Structural Steel Society, former Council and Executive Member:
the lnstitutlon of Engineers, Singapore and Vice-Chairman of ti
Joint Structural Division of the lnstitution of Structural Engineers
Dr Chiew stafted by talking about Structural Eurocodes which u
be fully implemented and mandatory in Singapore by 1st April 20'-:
The two-year transition period started on Lst April 2013 and en:
31st March 2015 when both British Standard (BS) and Structut
Eurocodes are acceptable in the city-state He believes t-
implementation of Structural Eurocodes in Malaysia is undenrvay a-
advises design engineers to start preparing for this as soon as possibr
ln the first section of the seminar, Dr Chiew focused on t:
impact of Eurocode 3 (EC3) on steel structures design A fe
design aspects coupled with working examples were highlighte:
such as the residual stress due to the imperfections of materia;:
shear buckling for 5460 steel, web bearing and web buckling
the second section, he focused on the impact of Eurocode 4 (ECt
Composite Steel and Concrete Structures. He compared EC4 a-
BS in materials strength specification. ln composite structures, f
resistance of headed shear stud connectors is generally lower
EC4 as compared to BS5950
Dr Chiew also discussed the guidance for lateraltorsior:
buckling check for continuous composite beams and prototy:
testing and development of composite slab system using ne
profiled steel sheeting as per EC4
ln the Q & A session that followed, he took questions rais:
by the padicipants and the seminar ended at 1.00 p m CSE _

representative lr. Lo Seng Lingpresented a memento a-

certificate of appreciation to Dr Chiew All participants were giv:
a complimentary copy of Design Of Composite Steel And Concre:
Structures With Worked Examples To Eurocode 4, which w:
authored by Dr Chiew and his colleague. The event continued w:
a factory visit to HTVB in Klang by 22 parlicipants. I

lr. ftr rug S*o* Chi*g js an Ass;slant Frcfess.r ai Universiii Tunkl Abdul Rai^
iUTAR) rie ser,-;
=e
r .cn:ir;it*s rrsi'nber jr iEful C:'rij :rcj Siru*ir;r=i in,:inee
=, e.n:!+=i Division

36 | JURUTERA Sepiemb*i 2014