Resonance in

Alternating-Current
Circuits

February 15, 2017

Physics 3B and 3C

2/20/2017 1
 2

Objectives:
Identifyconditions for resonance in a
series L-R-C circuit

Describe what happens to the

impedance and current of a series L-
R-C circuit at resonance
 3

Resonance
Behavior of an AC circuit
depends on the angular
frequency () of the source

There is a value of when

the impedance is minimum

o resonance angular
frequency
Sources: University Physics (13th edition) by Young and Freedman
 4

Resonance What happens to current

when impedance is
minimum?
Current is maximum

1 1
X L XC o L o
o C LC
Angular frequency of L-C
circuit
Resonance frequency:
o
fo
2
Sources: University Physics (13th edition) by Young and Freedman
 5

Voltages
vL leads i by 90o or cycle (ELI)

vC lags i by 90o or cycle (ICE)

vL and vC differ in phase by 180o or cycle

At resonance: X L XC VL VC
 6

Current vs. Angular Frequency

Given:
V = 100 V
L = 2.0 H
C = 0.50 F
3 different values of R

Sources: University Physics (13th edition) by Young and Freedman

 7

Summary
1. Z is minimum

2. I is maximum

3. XL = XC

4. vR = v
 8

Example:
Consider the LRC series circuit shown below. All
voltmeters and ammeter measure rms values.
Calculate the:

Resonance Frequency

Inductive Reactance (at RF)

Capacitive Reactance (at RF)

Impedance (at RF)

rms voltages and current (at RF)

Sources: University Physics (13th edition) by Young and Freedman
 9

Example:
Consider the LRC series circuit shown below. All
voltmeters and ammeter measure rms values.
Calculate the: Resonance Frequency
Resonance Angular Frequency:

o
1
fo
LC 2
1
o
(0.40mH )(100 pF )
o 510 rad s
6

f o 795.8kHz 800kHz
Sources: University Physics (13th edition) by Young and Freedman
 10

Example:
Consider the LRC series circuit shown below. All
voltmeters and ammeter measure rms values.
Calculate the: Inductive and Capacitive Reactance

X L L
X L ( 5 10 Hz )( 0.4mH )
6

X L 2k
X C 1/ C
X C 1/(5 10 Hz)(100 pF )
6

X C 2k
Sources: University Physics (13th edition) by Young and Freedman
 11

Example:
Consider the LRC series circuit shown below. All
voltmeters and ammeter measure rms values.
Calculate the: Impedance

Z R X L X C
2 2

Z 500 2k 2k
2 2

Z 500
Sources: University Physics (13th edition) by Young and Freedman
 12

Example:
Consider the LRC series circuit shown below. All
voltmeters and ammeter measure rms values.
Calculate the: RMS Current
Vrms
I rms
Z
1V
I rms
500
I rms 2mA
Sources: University Physics (13th edition) by Young and Freedman
 13

Example:
Consider the LRC series circuit shown below. All
voltmeters and ammeter measure rms values.
Calculate the: RMS Voltage

VR,rms I rmsR
VR,rms 1.0V

VL,rms I rms X L VC ,rms I rms X C

VL,rms 4.0V VC ,rms 4.0V

Sources: University Physics (13th edition) by Young and Freedman
 14

Exercise:
Consider an LRC series circuit connected to a
power supply. What will happen to the
resonance frequency if the plate separation of
the capacitor is quartered?
A
C' o 4C
(1 / 4)d
1
f
2 L(4C )
The resonance frequency is halved