CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
Technological developments have made many remarkable progress. Many
things from life sector that has used the existence of the technology itself.
Presence has a considerable impact on the lives of human beings in various
aspects and dimensions. Likewise with the communication technology is
hardware equipment in the organizational structure that contains social value that
enables individuals to collect, process and exchange information (in Rogers,
1986). Such a situation, in which a technology capable of changing something that
may not be possible to be a reality. For example, if the first person can not talk to
other people who are in a place that is far away, then after the phone people can
talk without limits of time and distance. From here, beginning with the discovery
of a variety of simple devices, ranging from phones, analog-based, developed and
developing countries continue to emerge many other electronic devices. Until
finally this technology integrate with one another. Existing communication
technology is an answer from any of the times. This occurs because of growing
human civilization developed a technology that will continue to experience
growth pattern to align civilization itself.

The term information technology became popular in the late 70s. In the past
the term information technology or computer technology called electronic data
processing (electronic data processing). Information technology is defined as
technology processing and dissemination of data using hardware (hardware) and
software (software), computer, communications, and digital electronics.
Information and communication technology is an important element in the life of
the nation. The role of information technology in human activity at this time was
so great. Information technology has become the main facility for the activities of
the various sectors of life which contributed greatly to the change - a fundamental
change in the operation and management of organizational structure, education,
transportation, health and research. Therefore it is very important to increase the
ability of the human resources (HR) ICT, ranging from skills and knowledge,
planning, operation, maintenance and supervision, as well as increasing the ability
of ICT leaders in government, education, corporate, SME (small and medium
enterprises) and NGOs. So that in the end will produce output that is useful to
humans as individuals themselves and for all sectors of life.

1.2 Problem Formulation

1. What is the information and communication technology?

2. What are the implications of IT and the internet?

3. How information and communication technology in education?

4. What is the impact in the field of education?

1.3 Destination

The formulation of the problem that can be drawn from this discussion is:

1. Outlines what is meant by information and communication technology

2. Describe the implications of IT and the Internet

3. Describes how information and communication technologies in education

4. Describe the impact in the field of education

 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

2.1. Information and Communication Technology

Judging from the wording, information and communication technology is

composed of 3 (three) each word has its own meaning. The first word, technology,
means the development and application of tools, machines, materials and
processes that help people complete the problem. The term technology is often
portray discovery of new tools using the principles and processes of scientific
discovery. Said second and third, information and communication, closely related
to the data.

Means of information processing results, manipulation and organizing a

group of data that gives the value of knowledge (knowledge) for its users.
Communication is a process of delivering information (messages, ideas, ideas)
from one party to another to enable the interplay between the two. In general,
communication is done by using the words (verbal) that can be understood by
both parties. If no verbal language that can be understood by both, communication
can still be done non-verbally using body movements or showing certain attitudes,
such as smiling, shaking his head, or a shrugged.

Many opinions which defines information and communication technologies

with different languages. Australian National Training Authority (ANTA) defines
information technology as technology development and application of computer
and communications-based technologies for processing, presenting, managing
data, and information. This definition includes the manufacture of hardware and
computer components, computer software development and various computer-
related services, along with communication equipment as well as manufacturing
of components and services. According to the Oxford English Dictionary 2nd
edition, is the definition of information technology hardware (hardware) and
software (software), including networks and telecommunications are typically
included in the context of a business or enterprise. The term information
technology become a part of the operations of the electronic device that utilizes
computer.

2.2 Development of Communication Technology

Current technology needs, both information technology and

telecommunications are very high from the start of middle class and upper middle
class. All individuals desperately need technology to accelerate the development
or increase the development of both individual and group development.
Technological development today is very fast communication technology, which
presents a selection of forms of technology and sophistication. The development
of the communication itself is actually in line with the life and existence of man
himself. There are four major defining point in the history of human
communication. According Nordenstreng and Varis (1973) are:

1. Acquisition (aquisition) language that is at the same time with the birth of
man.
2. alongside the development of the art of writing based on speech
communication. reproduction of the written word (written words) by using
alt printer, so
3. enable the realization of the actual mass communication.
4. the advent of electronic communication, starting from the telegraph,
telephone, radio, television, to satellite.

(Quoted from the Perspective of Communication Technology Background &

Progress, Zulkarimein Nasution. 1989: page 15). Meanwhile, according to Alvin
Toffler, there are three civilizations in the development of the technology itself,
the agricultural age, the industrial age and the last time information (quoted from
the Perspective of Communication Technology Background & Progress,
Zulkarimein Nasution.1989: case 2). Previously just look back, that fact itself
communication technologies have emerged since the Age Pre-History. Where at
that time people have been able to use a form of communication. But its form, is
still very simple. For example, limited forms of organ motion, the images as a
language, the sounds of bones and so on. But even so, it has been considered as an
appropriate form of communication at the time.

Subsequent developments have progressed a step a little better, for example, in

a letter pictograf form of communication used by the Sumerians, hierogliph by the
Ancient Egyptians. At that time both types of letters are also often used when a
king gives a kind of regulatory rules for the people who will put in the middle of
the city where the shape is like building the monument, known as Act-shaped
memorial. Advancement of communication technology felt better after the
invention of paper by the Chinese people made from Papyrus leaf fibers. This
development even today is still used and very useful for mankind. Such as the
paper used in printing newspapers or newspapers, magazines, books and so forth.

Furthermore the development of human knowledge, the communication

technology is getting better. Starting with the invention of the steam engine by
James Watt who is opening the Industrial Revolution, causing a variety of effects
that trigger other technologies. One step that is truly extraordinary, which led to
the discovery of one thing the emergence of various other things. Invention of the
telephone which was found in 1876, is the development of communications
technology with the application of the concept of using analog. This lasted until
about the 1960s. And only then leads to a digital concept.

Then the subsequent development of the discovery of which is the use of

facsimile communication by giving the data that can be passed through a media
phone. So it is with the development of computers. The first computer ENIAC II
is introduced. Used in 1946, after the second world war. This computer is an
electronic circuit that has a tube light weight of 20 tons. With the beginning of this
computer in the context of digital communications technologies evolved by leaps
and bounds. Digital era itself came after the satellite was found and in the kinds of
discoveries that have aktifkan.berbagai there is a little much to change the life
style of the people themselves.

2.3. Implications of IT and Internet Education

 IT and Internet history can not be separated from education. Internet in the
United States began to grow from the academic environment (NSFNET), as told
in the book "Nerds 2.0.1". Similarly, the Internet in Indonesia began to grow
within the academic (in the UI and ITB), although it appears the exciting stories in
the field of business. May need to be propagated stories about the benefits of the
Internet for education. The existence of open Internet resources that had been
inaccessible. Access to resources not being again.

Library is one of expensive resources. (How many libraries in Indonesia, and

how the quality is?.) The Internet allows a person in Indonesia to access the
library in the United States. Mechanisms library access can be done by using a
special program (typically using Z39.50 standard, such WAIS5), telnet application
(such as the application hytelnet6) or via a web browser (Netscape and Internet
Explorer). There have been many stories about the help the Internet in research,
thesis. Exchange of information or the frequently asked questions by experts can
be done via the Internet. Without the Internet many final project and thesis which
may require more time to be resolved. Cooperation between experts and also with
students who are physically far apart can be done more easily. Previously, a
person had to wander or run away to see a specialist to discuss a problem.
Currently this can be done from home by sending an email.

Papers and research can be done with the exchange of data over the Internet,
via email, or by using a mechanism Sharring file. Imagine if a student in Irian can
discuss medical issues with a experts at leading universities in Java. students
anywhere in Indonesia or lecturer can access the best experts in Indonesia and
even in the world. Geographic boundaries is not an issue anymore. Sharring
information is also needed in the field of research that studies are not repeated
(reinvent the wheel). The results of research in universities and research institutes
can be used together to speed up the process of development of science and
technology.

Distance learning and the virtual university is a new application for the
Internet. In fact no less than economists Peter Drucker said that "Triggered by the
internet, continuing adult education may wll Become our greatest growth
industry". (See Forbes magazine article May 15, 2000.) Virtual university scalable
characteristics, which can provide education accessible to many people. If
education is only done in a regular classroom, how many people can participate in
a class? The number of participants may only be charged 50 people. Virtual
university can be accessed by anyone, from anywhere. For Indonesia, the benefits
already mentioned above can be a good reason to make the Internet as an
educational infrastructure. To summarize the benefits of the Internet for education
in Indonesia.