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Diode Applications
rectifier
Pronunciation: 'rek-t&-"fI(-&)r
Function: noun
: one that rectifies; specifically : a device for
converting alternating current into direct current
Half-Wave Rectifier
Full-Wave Rectifier
Bridge Rectifier
Rectification
Conversion of ac to dc.
Many devices (transistors) are unidirectional current
devices
DC required for proper operation.
Half Wave Rectifier
Full Wave Rectifier
Bridge Rectifier
Bridge Rectifier
Full Wave Rectifier
SINUSODIAL INPUT
HALF-WAVE RECTIFICATION
Half-Wave Rectifier
Vdc 0.318Vm
Vdc 0.318(Vm VT )
Effect of VT on half-wave rectified
signal
Determining the required PIV ratting for the
half wave rectifier
The peak Inverse voltage
PIV
for half wave rectifier
PIVrating Vm
Bridge Rectifier
Input and output waveforms for a full wave
rectifier full wave rectifier
Determining the required PIV ratting for the
bridge configuration
PIV Vm
Full wave rectification
Full wave rectification
Full wave rectification
Full wave rectification
Full wave rectification
Power supply filtering
Comparison of ripple
voltages
for half- wave and full- wave for the same
filter capacitor
The voltage when the filter
capacitor discharge through Rl
Concept Question
I rms I dc
2
I ac
2
so,
For -wave rectifier r = 1.21
I ac I rms
2
I dc
2
I ac
r
I dc
2
r rms 1
I
I dc
Diode Applications
Half wave rectifier and equivalent circuit with piece-
wise linear model
Ideal Vc Rf
vi vi
v i = VM sin (t)
Half Wave Rectifier
We initially consider the diode to be ideal, such that VC
=0 and Rf =0
Half Wave Rectifier
The (ideal) diode conducts for vi >0 and since Rf =0
v0 vi
1
VAV VM sin d 0
2 0
cos cos 0
VM VM
2
Half Wave Rectifier
So far this rectifier is not very useful.
Even though the output does not change polarity it has
a lot of ripple, i.e. variations in output voltage about a
steady value.
To generate an output voltage that more closely
resembles a true d.c. voltage we can use a reservoir or
smoothing capacitor in parallel with the output (load)
resistance.
Smoothed Half Wave Rectifier
vo = VM exp {- t /RC}
where t= t- t2
At time t3 the supply voltage once again exceeds the
load voltage and the cycle repeats
Smoothed Half Wave Rectifier
V
Ripple factor
Vd.c
where Vd.c. = (VM - V/2)
R
vo iR (vi Vc ) vi Vc
( Rf R)
Non-Ideal Half Wave Rectifier
VM
Non-Ideal Half Wave Rectifier
A plot of v0 against vi is known as the transfer
characteristic
R/(R + Rf)
VC vi
Non-Ideal Half Wave Rectifier
We usually have R>> Rf so that Rf can be neglected
in comparison to R.
Often VM >> Vc so Vc can also be neglected.
vi
vi
vi
Since the load is in parallel with the diode, the voltage drop across
RL is always the same as across VR1 and is VZ = constant Zener
voltage
The input voltage V must be greater than VZ.
Zener MUST be operated under load. If not, the zener is still
delivering power (more than usual) and may melt. Recall that the
zener can draw large currents all at the same voltage.