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Our findings indicate that more attention should be paid to the concept of economies of scope since
it may be at least as important as the scale effect in designing more efficient departmental
production. Flourishing specialized research centers and research institutes within or outside of
institutions of higher education will result in less efficiency in the production of the same outputs.
Penemuan kami menunjukkan harus memberi perhatian lebih pada konsep lingkup ekonomi
setidaknya sepenting efek skala dalam merancang hasil bagian departemen dengan lebih efisien.
If graduate students are also considered to be an input into research production, as is often
assumed, one should expect the existence of economies of scope between these two outputs.
Empirical evidence does suggest, however, that in some fields this complementary may not exist, as
was found in one study for the social sciences. However, cost complementarities were found
between doctoral level teaching production and research output production in both physical
sciences and engineering, suggesting that in the hard sciences doctoral students are used more as
research inputs while in the social sciences they probably are used more in teaching.
Jika mahasiswa pascasarjana juga dipertimbangkan menjadi input ke dalam hasil riset, seperti yang
sering diasumsikan, akan mengharapkan keberadaan lingkup ekonomi antara kedua output. Tetapi,
fakta-fakta empiris yang mengacu pada beberapa bidang yang saling melengkapi mungkin tidak
ada, seperti yang telah ditemukan pada sebuah studi ilmu social. Tetapi, harga pelengkapan telah
ditemukan antara hasil pengajaran tingkat doktor dan hasil output riset baik ilmu fisika dan teknik,
mendorong pada ilmu doktor mahasiswa yang keras digunakan lebih seperti input riset sementara
pada ilmu social mereka mungkin lebih digunakan dalam pengajaran.
It should be emphasized that estimating cost functions in higher education has been quite limited
due to number of data and methodological problems. Our reporting of studies in this chapter is a
natural extension of other cost reviews that appeared in recent years. As in most all studies in
higher education, the number and measurement of outputs are often limited by the data. Thus, the
results in this chapter should be suggestive rather than definitive in nature.
Perlu ditekankan bahwa memperkirakan fungsi biaya pendidikan tinggi cukup terbatas karena
jumlah data dan masalah metodologis. Laporan studi kami di bab ini adalah penjabaran dasar dari
ulasan biaya lain yang muncul beberapa tahun belakangan. Kebanyakan studi di pendidikan tinggi,
jumlah dan pengukuran output sering terbatas oleh data. Jadi, hasil pada bab ini harus sugestif
daripada definitif pada dasarnya.