EXAMENUL DE SEMIOLOGIE MEDICALA SEM I

Analize de laborator valori normale

1. Hemoglobina
la brbat = 14-18 g / dl
la femeie = 12-16 g / dl;
2. Hematocrit
Barbat: 46.5 5%
Femeie: 42 5%
3. VEM
82-92 (87 5 )
4. CHEM
32-36 g% (34 2g %)
5. Sideremie
50-150 g%
6. Reticulocite
20-80000 mm sau 15-18 0.5-2 %
7. Leucocite
adult: 4.000-9.000 / mm
8. Formula leucocitara
PMN nesegmentate: 1-4%
- Segmentate: 50-70%
Limfocite : 20-40%
Monocite: 4-8%
Eozinofile: 1-4%
Bazofile : 0-1%
9. Trombocite
200.000-300.000 / mm
10. Medulograma
50000-80000/mm
11. Glicemie
Sange: 0,8-1,1 g/l.
Urina: 0 g/l
12. TTGO
glicemie <140 mg/dl = normal
- glicemie 140-199 mg/dl = scaderea tolerantei la glucoza (STG)
-glicemie 200 mg/dl = DZ.
13. Uree
20-40mg/dl
14. creatinina
0.8-1.3mg/dl
15. acid uric
 3-5 mg/dl
16. TGP
2-41 U/L
17. TGO
2-40 U/L
18. GGT
10-45 U/L
19. LDH
40-240 U/L
20. CPK
24-170 U/L (F)
24-200 U/L (B)
21. Bilirubina
0.1-1.0 mg/dl
22. Fosfataza alcalina
25-115 U/L
23. Proteine totale
proteine totale 6,5-8,5 g / 100 ml
55-70%;albumine: 4-5 g / 100 ml
30-45%; globuline: 2,5-3 g/100 ml
24. Colesterol
110-200 mg/dl
25. Trigliceride
50-150 mg/dl
26. Electroforeza proteinelor
3-7 %;1
7-10 %;2
9-17 %;
12-20 %;
27. Fibrinogen
0,2-0,4 g / dl
28. Proteina C reactiva
0.7-2.3 mg/dl
29. Examen sumar de urina
Aspectul: normal.
Densitate: 1015-1022.
pH: 6,2-6,8
Albumin, glucoz, corpi cetonici, pigmeni biliari, sruri biliare: toate
absente n mod normal.
Urobilinogen: normal.
Sedimente: rare leucocite, rare celule epiteliale, rare cristale.
30. Urocultura
Prima urina de dimineata, 10 ml, dupa igiena locala, jetul mijlociu
31. Clearance-ul creatininei
val. normale: B: 13535ml/min; F: 11515 ml/min
32. Hemocultura
 Recoltare in flacoane cu prevacuum
Adult: 20 ml sange per proba; copii: 1-3 ml sange
3 prelevari intermitente in 24 h, in urgenta la interval de 30-60 minute
33. Examenul lichidelor biologice (ascita, pleural, pericardic)
Ascita: aspect
serocitrin,
purulent, hemoragic, lactescent, chilos
coninutul n proteine:
transsudat /exudat
lichid serocitrin;
coninut n albumine < 2,5 g;
Rivalta negativ;
coninut celular redus (25-200 cel/mm3);
bacteriologic lipsa germenilor i culturi negative;
Pleural:
Macroscopic: limpede, sero-fibrinos, hemoragic, chiliform/chilos, purulent,
xantocrom
Biochimic: proteine > 25g/l = exsudat, LDH, amilaze, glucoza
Citologie: PMN, limfocite, celule atipice, mezotelii
Bacteriologic, culturi, AB

34. Ionograma serica si urinara (Na, K, Cl)

Serica: Na: 142 mEq/l (132-145)
K : 5 mEq/l (3.2-5.5)
Cl : 103 mEq/l (98-108)
Urinara: Na : 120-190 mEq/l
K : 40-50 mEq/l
Cl: 120-190 mEq/l
35. rezerva alcalina
27 mEq/L (2-28)
36. pH-ul urinii
normal=acida (pH 5.2-6.6); borderline: 4.5-8.0
37. spirometrie (CV, CPT, VIR, VER, VEMS, indicele Tiffneau)
CV = VC (0.5 l) + VIR (1.5-2 l) + VER (0.8-1.5 l)
N = 3.5-5 l functie de virsta, sex, suprafata corporala, antrenament
VR = 0.5 l
CPT = CV + VR
Indicele Tiffneau = VEMS/Cv
N > 75%
Vems 3000-4000 ml
Vmx: F 100-200 l/min
B 130-150l/min
38. examenul sputei in astmul bronsic si supuratii pulmonare
Epitelii: pavimentoase, cilindrice, mici rotunde; celule alveolare cu
hemosiderina (ICC)
 Leucocite: PMN, limfocite, eozinofile
Hematii
Fibre elastice: supuratii pulmonare
Spiralele Curschmann
Cristalele Charcot-Leyden
Celule tumorale
39. tensiunea arteriala
maxim: 120-140 mmHg
minim 60-90 mmHg
40. frecventa cardiaca
70-80 batai/min
41. frecventa respiratorie
a. 16-18/min la adult
b. 30-40/min la n.n.

42. Diureza
1-2 l/ 24h
43. Tranzitul intestinal
1-3 scaune / zi