MORSE FALLS SCALE ASSESSMENT

Submitted by Beth Aller RN, HE Clinical Education Manager and Falls Committee
Member

Starting January 4th, an updated charting screen in Horizon Clinical

Documentation will be the MORSE FALLS ASSESSMENT and REASSESSMENT.

How will the Morse Fall Scale be used?

According to the new HealthEast protocol for falls prevention, every patient will be
assessed
On admission.
Daily on the day shift.
When a patients condition changes or there has been a change in the
patients medication regimen that could put the patient at risk for a fall.
When a patient is transferred to another unit.
After a fall.

Why is this change in the HealthEast Falls Prevention Program being made at this
time?
This change in patient care pertaining to falls assessment has come about at this time
for several reasons.
Working toward the goals of the American Nurses Credentialing Centers (ANCC)
Magnet Recognition Program, HealthEast has chosen to participate in the
National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI).
This change is also coming about because of the 2005 & 2006 JCAHO Patient
Safety Goals pertaining to falls.
o The 2005 goal states Reduce the risk of patient harm resulting from falls.
Assess and periodically reassess each patients risk for falling, including
the potential risk associated with the patients medication regimen, and
take action to address any identified risks.
o The 2006 goal states Reduce the risk of patient harm resulting from falls.
Implement a fall reduction program and evaluate the effectiveness of the
program.
 The most compelling reason of all for this change is that a recent study done by a
HealthEast staff nurse in one of the HealthEast hospitals resulted in convincing
data.
o HealthEast hospitals need to improve the consistency of how falls are
managed and evaluated.
o Falls do happen in HealthEast hospitals and have produced serious
injury.
o Falls occur at all hours of the day and night; however, patients were most
likely to fall during the nighttime hours.
o Toileting issues were found to be the leading cause of falls in HealthEast
hospitals.

As a result of this study, the HealthEast Nurse Practice Committee charged a group of
nurses to look into the issue of falls. The HealthEast Falls Committee was formed to
develop a nursing policy and procedure with the important purpose of creating a safe
environment that protects patients from harm due to falls.

Procedure:
Obtain a Morse Fall Scale Score by using the variables and numeric values listed
in the Morse Fall Scale table below. (Note: Each variable is given a score
and the sum of the scores is the Morse Fall Scale Score. Do not omit or change
any of the variables. Use only the numeric values listed for each variable. Making
changes in this scale will result in a loss of validity. Descriptions of each
variable and hints on how to score them are provided below.) The Total
value obtained must be recorded in the patients medical record.

Morse Fall Scale

Variables Numeric Values Score
1. History of falling No 0
_______
Yes 25
2. Secondary diagnosis No 0
_______
Yes 15
3. Ambulatory aid
None/bed rest/nurse assist 0
Crutches/cane/walker 15
Furniture 30 _______

4. IV or IV Access No 0
_______
Yes 20
5. Gait
Normal/bed rest/wheelchair 0
Weak 10
Impaired 20 _______

6. Mental status
Oriented to own ability 0
Overestimates or forgets limitations 15 _______
 Morse Fall Scale Score = Total ______

Morse Fall Scale Variable Descriptions and Scoring Hints

1. History of falling
This is scored as 25 if the patient has fallen during the present hospital
admission or if there was an immediate history of physiological falls, such as
from seizures or an impaired gait prior to admission. If the patient has not
fallen, this is scored 0. Note: If a patient falls for the first time, then his or her
score immediately increases by 25.
2. Secondary diagnosis
This is scored as 15 if more than one medical diagnosis is listed on the
patients chart; if not, score 0.
3. Ambulatory aid
This is scored as 0 if the patient walks without a walking aid (even if assisted
by a nurse), uses a wheelchair, or is on bed rest and does not get out of bed
at all. If the patient uses crutches, a cane, or a walker, this variable scores 15;
if the patient ambulates clutching onto the furniture for support, score this
variable 30.
4. IV or IV Access
This is scored as 20 if the patient has an intravenous apparatus or a
saline/heparin lock inserted; if not, score 0.
5. Gait
The characteristics of the three types of gait are evident regardless of the
type of physical disability or underlying cause.
1. A normal gait is characterized by the patient walking with head erect,
arms swinging freely at the side, and striding without hesitation. This gait
scores 0.
2. With a weak gait (score10), the patient is stooped but is able to lift the
head while walking without losing balance. If support from furniture is
required, this is with a featherweight touch almost for reassurance, rather
than grabbing to remain upright. Steps are short and the patient may
shuffle.
3. With an impaired gait (score 20), the patient may have difficulty rising
from the chair, attempting to get up by pushing on the arms of the chair
and/or bouncing (i.e., by using several attempts to rise). The patients
head is down, and he or she watches the ground. Because the patients
balance is poor, the patient grasps onto the furniture, a support person,
or a walking aid for support and cannot walk without this assistance.
Steps are short and the patient shuffles.
4. If the patient is in a wheelchair, the patient is scored according to the gait
he or she used when transferring from the wheelchair to the bed.
6. Mental status
When using this Scale, mental status is measured by checking the patients
own self-assessment of his or her own ability to ambulate. Ask the patient,
Are you able to go to the bathroom alone or do you need assistance? If the
patients reply judging his or her own ability is consistent with the activity
order on the Kardex, the patient is rated as normal and scored 0. If the
 patients response is not consistent with the activity order or if the patients
response is unrealistic, then the patient is considered to overestimate his or
her own abilities and to be forgetful of limitations and is scored as 15.

Fall Risk
Use the Morse Fall Scale Score to see if the patient is in the low, medium or high
risk level. (See the Fall Risk Level table below to determine the level and the
action to be taken.)
Implement the interventions that correspond with the patients fall risk level. (See
Fall Risk Prevention Interventions below.)
Use the Morse Fall Scale Score to see if the patient is in the low, medium or high
risk level. (See the Fall Risk Level table below to determine the level and the
action to be taken.)
Level
Risk Level Morse Fall Scale Score Action
Low Risk 0 24 Implement Low Risk Fall Prevention Interventions
Medium Risk 25 44 Implement Medium Risk Fall Prevention Interventions
High Risk 45 and higher Implement High Risk Fall Prevention Interventions
Intervention: Score: 0-24 25-44 45
(low risk) (medium (h
risk)
1. All Admitted Patient
Implement low risk interventions for all hospitalized patients. yes no
2. Communication
Orient patient to surroundings and hospital routines yes yes
Very important to point out location of the bathroom
If patient is confused, orientation is an ongoing process
Call light in easy reach make sure patient is able to use it
Instruct patient to call for help before getting out of bed.
Patient/Family Education yes yes
Verbally inform patient and family of fall prevention interventions.
Shift Report yes yes
Communicate the patients at risk status.
Plan of Care yes yes
Collaborate with multi-disciplinary team members in planning care.
Healthcare team should tailor patient-specific prevention strategies.
It is inadequate to write Fall Precautions.
Post a Falls Program sign at the entrance to the patients room. prn yes
(Exception: Bethesda Behavioral units will not use the sign because of
patient/staff safety concerns.)
Make comfort rounds every 2 hours and include change in position, prn yes
toileting, offer fluids and ensure that patient is warm and dry.
Consider obtaining physician order for Physical Therapy consult.* prn prn y
3. Toileting
Implement bowel and bladder program. yes yes y
Discuss needs with patient. yes yes
Provide a commode at bedside (if appropriate). prn prn
Urinal/bedpan should be within easy reach (if appropriate). prn prn
4. Medicating
Evaluate medications for potential side effects. yes yes
Consider peak effect that affects level of consciousness, gait and yes yes
elimination when planning patients care.
Consider having a Pharmacist review medications and supplements to prn prn
evaluate medication regimen to promote the reduction of fall risk.
5. Environment
Bed
Low position with brakes locked, document number of side rails. yes yes
Bedside stand/bedside table
Personal belongings within reach. yes yes
Room clutter - Remove unnecessary equipment and furniture
Ensure pathway to the bathroom is free of obstacles and is lighted.
Consider placing patient in the bed that is close to the bathroom. yes yes
Use a night light as appropriate. prn yes
6. Safety
Nonskid (non-slip) footwear. yes yes
Do not leave patients unattended in diagnostic or treatment areas. prn yes
Consider placing the patient in a room near the nursing station, for prn prn
close observation, especially for the first 2448 hours of admission.
Consider patient safety alarm (tab alarm &/or pressure sensor alarm). prn prn
Communicate the frequency of alarms each shift.
If appropriate, consider using protection devices: hip protectors, a prn prn
bedside mat, a low bed or a helmet.
If Fall Risk Prevention Interventions have been initiated and are prn prn y
unsuccessful, refer to HENSA Policy R-3 Use of Restraint and
Seclusion.*