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The adoption of the waste management hierarchy, viz. waste minimization, reuse,
recycling, recovery of energy, treatment of containment and finally waste disposal in
landfills, has shown the way of significant diversion of waste from accumulation of waste at
landfills. Disposal of wastes in landfills is the least preferred management as it impacts on
the surrounding environment. Landfill sites encompass waste processing/disposal facilities,
which become sources of pollution in terms of air, water, land and noise pollution besides
emitting foul smell. Therefore, provision of buffer zone around these facilities is essentially
required to prevent people living in the surrounding from exposure/impacts of such
pollutants. Buffer zone also acts as barrier, absorber and to some extend as remedial
measures against the fugitive emissions. Buffer zone is also equally important for any
processing facility as the processing activities directly or indirectly generate pollution in the
area. The fugitive emissions of pollutants observed during handling of waste, storage,
transportation and movements of traffics.
Indian cities are expanding with the increase in population and economic activities.
Identification of landfill site in such cities has become a challenging issue for the
municipalities. Non-existence of proper land use plan of Urban Authorities has aggravated
the situation further leading to failure in solid waste management. Municipalities are facing
NIMBY syndrome, public resistance and even legal issues in the Courts. Most of the
existing landfill sites have no adequate Buffer Zone; whereas available buffer zone areas
are also under illegal encroachment and such landfills are always likely to face public
resistance.
The Buffer zone is defined as an area of restricted activities, depending on the activity and
adjacent land uses i.e. the conduct of waste operation would be prohibited. It also ensures
long-term availability of disposal sites by avoiding potential conflicts between disposal sites
and adjacent land use. Laying down physical dimensions of Buffer Zone is a critical issue,
especially for the existing facilities. Though the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and
Handling) Rules, 2000 specified the terminology of Buffer Zone, the rule was silent about
the dimension of Buffer Zone.
1.1 Background
The Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 was notified on 8th April, 2016 revamping the
Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000. According to the newly
notified Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016 (at rule 14), the duties specified to Central
Pollution Control Board are as follows;
Publish guidelines for maintaining buffer zone restricting any residential, commercial
or any other construction activity from the outer boundary of the waste processing
and disposal facilities for different sizes of facilities handling more than five tons per
day of solid waste;
In 1982 an Indian task force developed the Core-Buffer-Multiple Use Zone strategy 1 this
strategy aimed at separating incompatible land uses, in particular in relation to wildlife. In
this approach, the buffer zone would be under the park authorities administration.
Sometimes controlled use of forest produce would be allowed. The multiple-use zone was
located outside the park boundaries designated for rural development. The buffer zone in
the Indian context could refer to: A buffer entirely inside the park boundaries, " A buffer
with a sanctuary status adjoining the park, and " A buffer of reserved forest status adjoining
a park or sanctuary. The ICDP approach is in fact the result of the buffer zone approach,
since the buffer zone principle is often applied in ICDPs.
1.2 Objectives
To minimize the risk of adverse impacts on the environment (land, air, water, noise)
provide direction, certainty and consistency for the siting buffer zone area,
promote responsible land management and conservation
promote responsible management of hazards and loss of amenity
To encourage new technological interventions depending on the processing facilities.
The distance criteria for various activities are notified by the State Governments as well as
Central Government. The new guidelines proposed should not liquidate the existing
distance criteria notified under various Acts/Rules. However, implementation of these
1
Berkmller and Mukherjee, 1998
guidelines could be more stringent considering the local conditions /existing legal
frameworks. The indicative legal notifications are as under;
A. Provisions related to Buffer Zone specified in the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016
are as under;
B. The Coastal Zone Regulation notified under the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, Part-II,
Section 3, Sub-section (ii) of dated the 6th January, 2011) COASTAL REGULATION ZONE
NOTIFICATION MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS (Department of
Environment, Forests and Wildlife) as under;
(i) The land area from High Tide Line (hereinafter referred to as the HTL) to 500mts on
the landward side along the sea front.
(ii) CRZ shall apply to the land area between HTL to 100 meters or width of the creek
whichever is less on the landward side along the tidal influenced water bodies that
are connected to the sea and the distance up to which development along such tidal
influenced water bodies is to be regulated shall be governed by the distance up to
which the tidal effects are experienced which shall be determined based on salinity
concentration of 5 parts per thousand (ppt) measured during the driest period of the
year and distance up to which tidal effects are experienced shall be clearly identified
and demarcated accordingly in the Coastal Zone Management Plans (hereinafter
referred to as the CZMPs).
(i) Setting up and expansion of units or mechanism for disposal of wastes and
effluents except facilities required for,-
(a) Discharging treated effluents into the water course with approval under the
Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 (6 of 1974);
(b) Storm water drains and ancillary structures for pumping;
(c) Treatment of waste and effluents arising from hotels, beach resorts and
human settlements located in CRZ areas other than CRZ-I and disposal of
treated wastes and effluents;
(ii) Dumping of city or town wastes including construction debris, industrial solid
wastes, fly ash for the purpose of land filling and the like and the concerned
authority shall implement schemes for phasing out any existing practice, if any,
shall be phased out within a period of one year from date of commencement of
this notification.
(i) Notified Areas- Reserved Forests, Nature Protection, Sanctuary, Wild life
Sanctuary, Eco-sensitive zones, Historical Monuments, places of tourist interest,
etc.
(ii) State Policy/Plan
(iii) Master Plan of development Authorities
The Buffer Zone, as defines the land between the boundary of core activity area that may
potentially be used for waste processing and disposal activities as per land use and the
boundary of the area owned by the facility within which unacceptable adverse impacts due to
these waste processing and disposal activities on the amenity of sensitive land use are possible.
This may be represented by the separation distance.
Pollution Aspect
A major environmental concern is gas release by decomposing garbage. Methane is a by-product of the
anaerobic respiration of bacteria, and these bacteria thrive in landfills with high amounts of moisture.
Methane concentrations can reach up to 50% of the composition of landfill gas at maximum anaerobic
decomposition (Cointreau-Levine, 1997). A second problem with these gasses is their contribution to the
enhanced greenhouse gas effect and climate change .Liquid leachate management varies throughout
the landfills of the developing world. Waste management is a problem in urban and rural areas. Many
areas, particularly in India, still have inadequate waste management; poorly controlled open dumps and
illegal roadside dumping remain a problem. Such dumping spoils scenic resources, pollutes soil and
water resources, and is a potential health hazard to plants, animals and people. Also these big dump site
doesnt give a aesthetic view to people. Noise and dust are also the major concern for the landfill sites.
Scarcity of land
Land is scarce in India, even though the country has a land area of about 328 million hectares which is
the seventh largest land area among the countries of the world. For giving the buffer zone area around
the core facility will be a challenge as land is not available mostly encroachment has already taken
place in many places around the landfill sites which ultimately effects the surrounding area. In most of
the towns, no land is available for the treating the of solid waste, neither as landfill site nor for disposal
through other techniques. The Master/Development Plans, prepared by the Town Planning Department,
do not reflect this aspect. Many a times, land is earmarked for sanitation purpose, which includes the
disposal of solid waste as well as a site for sewage treatment plant, which is insufficient for either use.
Since location of the land plays an important role, therefore, it should be located in such a way that solid
waste is disposed off in decentralized manner so that the transportation cost for the solid waste is
optimized.
People living around the site are so resistance that they are not willing to vacate the area or for relocate.
2. Approach
Guidelines for maintaining buffer around waste processing
and disposal facility
Scope
Formulation of Objectives:
To minimize the risk of adverse impacts on the environment (land, air, water, noise)
provide direction, certainty and consistency for the siting buffer zone area,
promote responsible land management and conservation
promote responsible management of hazards and loss of amenity
To encourage new technological interventions depending on the processing facilities
Guideline Development
Literature Study
Review on Committee inputs
Committee discusses-reviews and expert testimony and develops draft recommendations
Updation
Final input and recommendation are consider
Published
3. Processing Facility
The main technological options available for processing/ treatment and disposal of MSW are
composting, vermin-composting, anaerobic digestion/bio-methanation, incineration, gasification
and pyrolysis, plasma pyrolysis, production of Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF), also known as pelletization
and sanitary landfilling/landfill gas recovery. Not all technologies are equally good in all respect.
Each one of them has advantages and limitations.
3.1 Compositing
Composting can be carried out in two ways i.e., aerobically and anaerobically. During aerobic
composting aerobic micro-organisms oxidize organic compounds to Carbon dioxide, Nitrite and
Nitrate. Carbon from organic compounds is used as a source of energy while nitrogen is recycled.
Due to exothermic reaction, temperature of the mass rises. During anaerobic process, the anaerobic
micro organisms, while metabolizing the nutrients, break down the organic compounds through a
process of reduction. A very small amount of energy is released during the process and the
temperature of composting mass does not rise much. The gases evolved are mainly Methane and
Carbon dioxide. An anaerobic process is a reduction process and the final product is subjected to
some minor oxidation when applied to land. 2 Details of Land requirement for compost plant and
compost plants details in India are given in Annexure -1
3.3 Bio-methanation
Bio-methanation is anaerobic digestion of organic materials which is converted into biogas, a
gaseous combustible mixture, of methane (CH4). Bio-methanation is a biological treatment method
2
CPHEEO Manual, May 2000
3
CPHEEO Manual, May 2000
that can be used to recover both nutrients and energy contained in biodegradable municipal waste.
Bio-methanation of organic wastes is accomplished by a series of biochemical transformations -
which include in the first stage hydrolysis, acidification and liquefaction followed by a second stage
where acetate, hydrogen and carbon dioxide are transformed into methane. The process generates
biogas with high content of methane (5570%) which can directly be used as fuel and by employing
gas engines can also generate electricity. One of the most promising methods of treating the organic
fraction of MSW and other organic wastes is anaerobic digestion which is well adapted for high-
moisture wastes (Becidan, 2007). This technology has dual benefits. It gives biogas as well as
manure as end product. Fibre fraction of waste can also be recovered for use as a soil conditioner
after biomethanation. The fibre fraction tends to be small in volume but rich in phosphorus, which is
a valuable and scarce resource at global level.
3.4 Incineration
In Incineration combustible waste is burned at temperatures high enough (900-1000 0C) to consume
all combustible material, leaving only ash and noncombustible to dispose off in a landfill. Under
ideal conditions, incineration may reduce the volume of waste by 75% to 95% (Schneider, 1970).
Incineration may be used as a disposal option, only when land filling is not possible and the waste
composition is of high combustible (i.e. self-sustaining combustible matter which saves the energy
needed to maintain the combustion) paper or plastics. It requires an appropriate technology,
infrastructure, and skilled manpower to operate and maintain the plant. In Indian cities, Incineration
is generally limited to hospital and other biological wastes. This may be due to the high organic
material (40-60%), high moisture contact (40-60%) and low calorific value content (800-
1100Kcal/Kg) in solid waste (R.Raajput & G Prasad, 2009; Kansal, 2002; Joardar, 2000; Bhide &
Shekdar, 1998)
4
Report of the Task Force on Waste to Energy (W to E)
4. Siting Criteria
The Buffer Zone, as defines the land between the boundary of core activity area that may potentially
be used for waste processing and disposal activities as per land use and the boundary of the area
owned by the facility within which unacceptable adverse impacts due to these waste processing and
disposal activities on the amenity of sensitive land use are possible. This may be represented by the
separation distance. Buffer zone area can also help to prevent nuisances to neighbours and impacts
to their health or quality of life, as well as environmental impacts to groundwater, air, noise.
Providing buffer zones between an core processing facility and the surrounding community is a good
practice. The size of the buffer zone may be dictated by the minimum separation distances specified
in provincial or municipal regulations, bylaws, and guidelines (see Table 5). The capacity of the
facility, the potential for creating nuisance conditions, topography and wind conditions, and the
facilitys specific design controls also factor into determining buffer zone area. As a general rule, the
larger the distance from a facility to a sensitive area, the higher the potential to reduce conflicts
between the site and adjacent land uses and neighbours related to odour, traffic, noise, and dust.
Vegetation, shrubs, trees, and berms can be incorporated into buffer zones to serve as visual
barriers and to reduce noise levels. Fencing in buffer zones may also help control litter.
Table 1 Locational Criteria specified in Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management 2000
(CPHEEO, MoUD
Location Distance
Lake or Pond No landfill should be constructed within 200 m of any lake or pond.
River No landfill should be constructed within 100 m of a navigable river or
stream.
Flood Plain No landfill should be constructed within a 100 year flood plain
Highway No landfill should be constructed within 200 m of the right of way of any
state or national highway
Habitation A landfill site should be at least 500 m from a notified
habitated area. A zone of 500 m around a landfill boundary should be
declared a No-Development Buffer Zone after the landfill location is
finalized.
Public parks No landfill should be constructed within 300 m of a public park.
Critical Habitat Area No landfill should be constructed within critical habitat areas.
Wetlands No landfill should be constructed within wetlands
Ground Water Table A landfill should not be constructed in areas where water table is less than
2m below ground surface
Airports No landfill should be constructed 20 km within or the limits prescribed by
regulatory agencies (MOEF/ CPCB/ Aviation Authorities)
Water Supply Well No landfill should be constructed within 500 m of any water supply well.
Coastal Regulation A landfill should not be sited in a coastal regulation zone
Zone
Unstable Zone A landfill should not be located in potentially unstable
zones such as landslide prone areas, fault zone etc.
Earthquake zone 500m from fault line fracture (urban local bodies in seismic zone 4 &5
consult seismic map)
The area required around the core facility is a key site selection criterion. A processing facility
typically requires space for receiving waste, storing waste, segregation of waste and treating the
waste. Separation distances between the core facility and sensitive habitats or sources of potable
water may help to prevent serious environmental impacts. Similarly, buffer zones area between the
facility and neighbouring properties can help temporarily mitigate nuisance impacts until further
controls can be implemented. Most provinces, and some municipalities, have established
requirements for siting composting, anaerobic digestion (AD), and other waste management
facilities.
The solid waste processing and disposal sites generate odor, wind -blown refuse, noise,
visual impact, traffic, dust, leachate for contamination ground/surface water and
ambient air pollution.
Generation of Noise pollution due to operation of machineries, DG sets, pumps,
handling of wastes, traffic movements, etc.
The biological process that involves the microbial activities may be affected by external
agents like spray of pesticides, chemical, paints and other volatile reagents.
Possible loss of agricultural productivity due to dust particles.
There are three different approaches for siting the buffer area for Existing Plants. One method is to
first define the existing processing facility where land is not available for buffer zone area i.e, Not
Feasible (e.g.Okhla Plant), and go for technological interventions (typically, 30 m distances is
required). In this case, selection criteria are determined according to the specific technology
requirements. As an example, if large-scale, open-composting, which typically requires a large
footprint and has higher odour control challenges, requiring greater buffer zone area from sensitive
residential areas. This approach is best where location represents a major challenge (e.g., poor
social acceptance due to negative experience with waste treatment facilities already implemented
in the region, or limited potential available locations)
The second approach is to first identify a location where buffer zone can be given as per the given
criteria i.e, Feasible, where is land available for giving the buffer area with the best chance of
community acceptance and compliance with regulatory requirements.
The third approach is for Facility where both area and technological interventions can be used i.e,
Partially Feasible. In this case it depends on case to case if land is available then buffer zone will be
given according to the land availability and if land is not available than will suggest technological
approach with some buffer zone area.
1. Existing Facility
- Feasible
- Partially feasible
- Not Feasible
2. New Facility (which got approval)
There is no basis for claiming that one of these approaches is better than the other. In many cases,
the approach is dictated by project-specific issues, such as project development timelines,
availability of land, and condition of existing waste management facility.
There are a number of issues and criteria that should be considered when siting a buffer zone area
for waste processing facility. This fall into three general categories:
1. Environmental considerations
3. Land-use considerations
Environmental considerations
Water Sources There are provisions for river, lake and pond in MoUD CPHEEO Manual.
Flood Plains- As per MoUD guidelines landfill should not be constructed within a 100 year
flood plain but as per the discussion with Committee member it was decided to take 20
years data for flood plain area.
Topography- In hilly areas land availability and also the slope must be taken care of
Wind Speed and Direction- Wind direction is one of the important consideration as it helps
us to know the direction in which the area can be effected due to dust and odour.
Earthquake- While designing makes sure in which seismic zone the site comes under. As
earthquake make effect the linning of the landfill bed.
Transportation Network
Utilities and Services
Land-use considerations
*A landfill site should be at least 500 m from a notified habituated area. A zone of 500 m around a landfill boundary should be
declared a No-Development Buffer Zone after the landfill location is finalized.(landfill manual by MOEF-chapter 17)
NB: Puduchery Municipality and Dhanbad Municiplaity have already provided Buffer Zone of 500 m around dumping yard.
Punjab Board has issued direction to Ludhiana Municipal Corporation vide letter dated 17.05.2016 to provide Green belt of
minimum 5 meters around the Boundary wall of the dumping site and provide Green Belt in three rows having 15 meters width
around the boundary of plant site.
4.3 Buffer Zone for Waste Processing Facilities
(Tonnes/day)
6 -50 30 30 30
51-100 60 60 60
NB: (1) Including minimum 20 meter width plantation within buffer zone
(2) In cosmopolitan cities, land availability is restricted. Even in some cases 100 m
buffer zone is not available. In such cases, control system, green belts and Best
Available technologies (BAT) is to be adopted.
(Tonnes/day)
6 -50 30 30 30
51-100 60 60 60
NB*:
With min 20m green belt & stringent measures of pollution control
200m it should be total distance from the facility - Residents within the premises
including area outside the premises.
Awarded project which have restricted available land, any change may require new site,
new permission, EC, etc. leading to delay of the project by 2-3 years.
NGT Order dt. 22.12.2016 that 20m buffer zone is sufficient and also green belt should be
mandatory.
(Tonnes/day)
6 -50 20 20 20
51-100 20 20 20
NB*:
Specific condition like Ghazipur, Bhalswa, where no land is available for Green
belt, recover land from existing dumpsite and develop.
With stringent measures of pollution control and 10 m width of plantation
NGT Order dt. 22.12.2016 that 20m buffer zone is sufficient and also green belt should
be mandatory.
(Tonnes/day)
6 -50 30 30 30
51-100 60 60 60
NB: With stringent measures of pollution control and minimum 20 m width of plantation
(Tonnes/day)
6 -50 20 20 20
51-100 20 20 20
NB:
With stringent measures of pollution control and 10 m width of plantation
NGT Order dt. 22.12.2016 that 20m buffer zone is sufficient and also green belt
should be mandatory.
The ULB shall take specific measures in consultation with SPCB/PCC for
closure/capping of the existing landfill.
4.5 STRINGENT MEASURES FOR CONTROL OF POLLUTION WITHIN WASTE PROCESSING AND
DISPOSAL FACILITIES
Landfill
ISWA- 500 m should be provided depending on the size of landfill, height, wind
direction.
In South Australia 500m buffer distance shall be maintained between areas
dedicated for waste disposal and the nearest surface water.
In Ontario buffer area shall be atleast 100 m wide at every point
Malaysia- waste treatment and disposal 500m
South Africa- Buffer zone min 200m to 500m
Devon city council (UK)- 500m buffer distance
Bangladesh-250m from the habitat
Hong Kong- 250 m away from the edge of the waste (landfill boundary)
South Australia- Depending on the land use and landfill size, buffer zone varies from
200-500m
According to these different country examples it observed that the minimum buffer
area varies from 100-200m and maximum is 500m
Composting
Canada- minimum buffer strip between composting facility boundary and adjacent
property. For in-vessel Composting distance between active area and the nearest
residential or institutional building shall be min 500m, nearest commercial or
industrial building 250m and nearest property boundary will be min 100m
Malaysia- production of compost from organic waste- 500m
Devon city Council (UK)- buffer distance 500m
Buffer zone varies from min 200m to max 500m from the active area.
Waste-to-Energy
EPAs guidelines recommended separation distances for industrial residual
emissions is case to case basis for Australia
Devon city Council (UK)- buffer distance 500m
China- 300m buffer zone between incineration plants and local residents
Details are given in Annexure-II.
While no specific statutory controls exist for noise from construction sites, all noise nuisances
should be reduced wherever possible from vehicles, fixed machinery within the site, blasting,
general construction activities, and from movements of vehicles servicing the site.
Ambient noise monitoring has been conducted by CPCB at three various MSW treatment plants.
Out of these three two are monitored while plant was not operational
1. M/s Timarpur Okhla, Waste to Energy Plant, Okhla New Delhi, (Monitored on 17.12.2016)
Noise level near boundary wall towards Sukhdev Vihar (100mt) is Lmax - 80, Lmin- 55
2. M/s Delhi MSW Solutions Ltd. Bawana, Delhi (Monitored on 19.12.2016 while plant not in
operation)
Noise level near west side boundary wall (200mt) is Lmax - 68, Lmin- 43
3. M/s IL&FS Environmental Infrastructure & Service Limited, Gazipur, Delhi (Monitored on
20.12.2016 while plant not in operation)
Noise level near boundary wall (Naer RDF Area, 100 mt. from process) is Lmax - 86, Lmin- 55
Suggestions
Keeping in view the nature of pollutants expected from the disposal site a green belt of 5.0 km
width id recommended and the following plant species can be selected for plantation:
Minimum two rows of plants are required for p[lantation on roadside to minimize the
pollutants effects. While planting care should be taken to ensure that plants in seconds row fall
in between the two plants of the first row. The plant species suitable for plantation on roadside
are listed below:
Monthly Annual
S.No State City Plant Actual Compost Actual
Compost Compost production Compost
Production Production capacity Production
Capacity Capacity (MT) Capacity
(MT) (MT) (MT)
Total: Total: Total: Total:
57853 MT 12651 MT 511093 151809
MT MT
1 Chhattisgarh Dhamtari 113 42 1,350 500
2 Delhi New Delhi 5775 628 69,300 7541
3 Delhi New Delhi 1650 42 19,800 500
4 Delhi Okhla 2063 652 24,750 7825
5 Goa Panjim 107 19 1,284 225
6 Gujarat Ahmedabad 825 50 9,900 600
7 Gujarat Ahmedabad 1238 836 14,850 10034
8 Gujarat Bhavnagar 825 25 9,900 300
9 Gujarat Dakor 3094 667 37,125 8000
10 Gujarat Godhra 150 129 1,800 1550
11 Gujarat Morbi 150 125 1,800 1500
12 Gujarat Patan 150 129 1,800 1550
13 Gujarat Porbandar 150 138 1,800 1650
14 Gujarat Surat 825 42 9,900 500
15 Gujarat Surendra 150 138 1,800 1650
Nagar
16 Gujarat Vadodara 825 25 9,900 300
17 Karnataka Bangalore 3713 46 44,550 550
18 Karnataka Belgaum 619 176 7,425 2112
19 Karnataka Mangalore 825 59 9,900 703
6
Inter Ministerial Task Force Report by MoUD, May 2005
20 Karnataka Mysore 1031 392 12,375 4707
21 Karnataka Shimoga 413 0 4,950
22 Kerala Calicut 413 284 4,950 3404
23 Madhya Pradesh Indore 1031 667 12,375 8000
24 Maharashtra Pune 2063 189 24,750 2271
25 Maharashtra Nagpur 825 125 9,900 1500
26 Maharashtra Turbhe 2063 692 24,750 8300
27 Rajasthan Jaipur 1238 737 14,850 8844
28 Tamil Nadu Coimbatore 2681 1079 32,175 12950
29 Tamil Nadu Madurai 371 250 4,455 3000
30 Tamil Nadu Trichy 1238 166 14,850 1991
31 Tamil Nadu Conoor 37 27 446 325
32 Tamil Nadu Erode 413 109 4,950 1305
33 Tamil Nadu Metupalyam 144 51 1,733 617
34 Tamil Nadu Pollachi 248 66 2,970 787
35 Tamil Nadu Udumplet 83 35 990 420
36 Telangana Hyderabad 15262 1593 1,83,150 19120
37 Telangana Suryapet 210 25 2,520 300
38 Uttar Pradesh Moradabad 619 250 7,425 3000
39 Uttar Pradesh Muzafarnagar 495 333 5,940 4000
40 Uttar Pradesh Aligarh 454 292 5,445 3500
41 Uttar Pradesh Fatehpur 124 83 1,485 1000
42 Uttar Pradesh Lucknow 375 83 4500 1000
43 Uttar Pradesh Allahabad 250 63 3000 750
44 West Bengal Haldia 1031 73 12,375 875
45 West Bengal Kolkata 1500 1021 18,000 12253
Source: Data from MoUD
Waste to Energy Details
Table 4 : Operational Waste to Energy Plants
S. No State Name of the City/ Town Capacity (MW)
1 Mahrashtra Pune 10
2 Maharashtra Solapur 3
3 New Delhi Okhla 12
4 New Delhi Ghazipur 16
5 Telangana Karimnagar 12
6 Madhya Pradesh Jabalpur 11.4
7 Delhi Narela- Bawana 24
Total 88.4
Source: Data from MoUD
Table 5 : Under Construction Waste to Energy Plants
2 ADB- Design TABLE 16- Green buffer zone (trees and bushes)- 200 m2
TOWARD SUSTAINABLE Specifications for a
MUNICIPAL ORGANIC Compost Facility of
WASTE MANAGEMENT IN 100 Tons per Day
SOUTH ASIA A Guidebook
for Policy Makers and
Practitioners
3 Environment Protection Compost guideline The EPA recommends that the operation of composting facilities is avoided in the
Authority-South Australia following locations:
2 Department Of Environment Guidelines For Siting And Zoning Of Treatment of non-hazardous waste by combustion or incineration
Ministry Of Natural Industry And Residential Areas or other methods, with or without the resulting production of
Resources And Environment, electricity or steam, substitute fuels, biogas, ashes or other by-
Malaysia products for further use etc.- 350 meters
3 Devon City Council (UK) Devon Waste Plan- Protecting Buffer Distance Hazardous and non-hazardous landfill Physical,
Waste Management Capacity physio-chemical and biological treatment Thermal treatment -
500m
4 China September 2008 notice on 300-metre buffer zone between incineration plants and local
environmental impact assessments residents
for biomass-fired power plants
issued by the MEP and the National
Energy Bureau.