Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
1
Conventional municipal wastewater treatment
Sewage
Screening Biogas
3
Standards for wastewater discharges, India (CPCB)
S. No. Parameter Inland surface water Public Land for Marine/coastalareas
sewers irrigation
. 2 3 . .
. . (a) (b) (c) (d)
1 Colour and odour See 6 of Annexure-1I See 6 of See 6 of Annexure-1I
Annexure-1I
2 Suspended solids mg/l, max. 100 600 200 (a) For process waste water
(b) For cooling water effluent 10 per
cent above total suspended matter
of influent.
3 Particle size of suspended shall pass 850 micron - - (a) Floatable solids, solidsmax. 3
solids IS Sieve mm
(b) Settleable solids, max 856
microns
4 pH value 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0
5 Temperature Shall not exceed 5oC Shall not exceed 5oCabove the
above the receiving receiving water temperature
water temperature
6 Oil and grease, mg/l max, 10 20 10 20
7 Total residual chlorine, mg/l 1 - - 1
max
8 Ammonical nitrogen (as 50 50 - 50
N),mg/l, max.
9 Total kjeldahl nitrogen (as 100 - - 100
N);mg/l, max. mg/l, max.
10 Free ammonia (as NH3), 5 - - 5
mg/l,max.
11 Biochemical oxygen demand 30 350 100 100
(3 days at 27oC), mg/l, max.
Grit chamber
Detention time of a few minutes
Long channel to allow heavy particles like sand, and grit to settle
Primary settling
Detention times of 2 to 3 hours
Removal of 50 to 65% suspended solids; 25 to 40% of BOD
Tanks are either round or rectangular
Sludge has to be removed for further processing (see flowchart)
Detention time, and overflow rate key design parameters
5
Wastewater treatment
Secondary: removal of BOD (biological processes)
Activated sludge process: Aeration and secondary settling
(most common)
Other options:
Trickling filters
Rotating biological contactors
Oxidation ponds
Sludge management
Thickening
Anaerobic digester
Sludge dewatering
Disposal
6
Wastewater treatment
Tertiary: removal of nutrients like N and P
Objective is to prevent eutrophication
7
Screening
Vertical
Inclined
Wastewater treatment: ASP
Suspended growth, mixed flow reactor for BOD removal
Activated sludge process (ASP)
Aeration tank to maximize DO levels in water and for biological growth
Detention time = 6 to 8 hours of mixing
Settling tank or clarifier for solids (biological particles) to settle
Recycling of solids from clarifier to aeration tank to ensure a constant
bacterial population
Remaining solids are taken for sludge handling and disposal
Most popular for domestic wastewater treatment
Advantages
Dilution of wastewater; can withstand toxic shock, or shock loads and
flow fluctuations
Disadvantages
Requires large land area
High energy requirements for aeration
9
CSTR
11
http://www.wastewater-treatment-plants.com/surface-aerators.html
Floating aerators (wastewater)
12
http://www.wastewater-treatment-plants.com/surface-aerators.html
Diffused aeration (wastewater)
13
http://www.wastewater-treatment-plants.com/surface-aerators.html
Wastewater treatment: trickling filters
Attached growth, plug flow reactor for BOD removal
14
Trickling Filters
15
http://www.brentwood-ind.com/water/tricklingfilters.html
Wastewater treatment: rotating
biological contactor (RBC)
16
Wastewater treatment: rotating biological
contactor (RBC)
17
Wikipedia, 2008
Sludge treatment and disposal
18
Wastewater treatment: sludge handling
19
Anaerobic biodegradation
Complex polymers
(polysaccharides, lipids and proteins)
1. Hydrolysis by extracellular
microbial enzymes
Monomers
(sugars, fatty acids and amino acids)
2. Acidogenesis
Acetogenesis
Acetate H2 + CO2
3. Methanogenesis
CH4 + CO2
20
Wastewater treatment: sludge handling
Disposal
Dewatering and drying of remaining sludge solids
Drying beds
Vacuum filters
Filter presses
Centrifuges
Incinerators
21
Practice problems wastewater treatment
A circular clarifier is to be designed, i.e.,
determine diameter of tank, for a flow rate of 1
MLD. Assume depth of tank is 3 m and surface
overflow rate is 20 m/d. Ans: radius= 4 m,
detention time = 3.6 h
A sedimentation tank has an overflow rate of 80
m3/m2-d. what fraction of particles with
velocity of 0.02 m/min will be removed in this
tank? Ans = 36%