TRANSFORMATION OF MATTER

Sandra Perante

Rica Reyes

Aradhell Romasanta

Joshua Salud

De La Salle University Dasmarias

Dasmarias, Cavite Philippines

ABSTRACT

Matter undergoes change from time to time. It has two properties. It can be physical or chemical. There are
some given materials undergoes physical transformation such as (isopropyl alcohol, naphthalene, coconut
oil) these some materials just change in size and shape. While chemical transformation are the materials
change into a new substance such as (magnesium ribbon, zinc, ethanol, copper sulfate, calcium
carbonate). And we used given samples to distinguished there name process such as Isopropyl alchol
(evaporation) and Coconut Oil (freezing).

INTRODUCTION
Basically, when we say matter, it is anything that has mass and occupies space. Properties are
characteristics used to describe matter. Properties can be physical or chemical. When we say physical
property is determined without an accompanying change in the matter. The examples of physical properties
are weight, volume, length, width, height, boiling point, melting point, color, etc. On the other hand,
chemical is determined with an accompanying change in the identity of matter. Examples of chemical
properties are flammability, biodegradability, stability in air, etc.

Matter has two changes. Changes may be physical and chemical. Physical changes are changes affecting
the form of a chemical substance, but not its chemical composition. Physical changes are used to separate
mixtures into their component compounds, but cannot usually be used to separate compounds into
chemical elements or simpler compounds. A chemical change is characterized, when a new substance
formed because the arrangement of the atom within the molecule is rearranged.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The materials we used were Alcohol, Ethanol, Magnesium Ribbon, Naphthalene, Zinc Metal, Coconut Oil,
Copper Sulfate, Calcium Carbonate and Hydrochloric Acid.
Alcohol and Ethanol was placed in a watch glass and we were tasked to observe what changes it will
make. Same thing with the Magnesium Ribbon, when the Magnesium Ribbon is ignited. Naphthalene, also
was used as a material. We were tasked to observe what kind of changes the Naphthalene will make if it is
heated inside a beaker. The last material was the Zinc Metal, which was mixed with Hydrochloric acid. It
was placed inside a beaker and we recorded the changes the Zinc Metal made.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

In Table 1 below, we can see that after the procedures were done, several changes (Physical and
Chemical) were observed. Different materials and reagents showed a different change with each other.
TABLE 1. Properties and Transformations
 MATERIAL OBSERVATION PROPERTY TRANSFORMATION

ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL EVAPORATED CHEMICAL PHYSICAL

MAGNESIUM RIBBON BURNED CHEMICAL CHEMICAL

NAPHTALENE EVAPORATED PHYSICAL PHYSICAL

FORMATION OF
ZINC CHEMICAL PHYSICAL
BUBBLES

ETHANOL EVAPORATED CHEMICAL PHYSICAL

COPPER SULFATE COLOR CHANGED CHEMICAL CHEMICAL

COCONUT OIL SOLIDIFIED CHEMICAL PHYSICAL

CALCIUM CARBONATE RISED CHEMICAL CHEMICAL

Listed in Table 2 below are the Physical Changes of the Materials that we used in our experiment.
The materials, depending on their initial state, (Solid, Liquid, Gas) differ from each other in terms
of the changes it made.
TABLE 2. Physical Properties and Transformations
INITIAL STATE FINAL STATE NAME OF THE
MATERIAL
(SOLID/LIQUID/GAS) (SOLID/LIQUID/GAS) PROCESS

Isopropyl Alcohol Liquid Gas Evaporation

Naphthalene Solid Gas Evaporation

Zinc Solid Liquid w/ Solid Particles None

Ethanol Liquid Gas Evaporation

Coconut Oil Liquid Solid Solidification

This experiment helped us to know the difference between the Physical and Chemical Properties and
Transformation of matter. Depending on the material, one must do a corresponding process to have the
desired change within the material.

The objectives lined up for this experiment were met as the activity was done. All miscalculations were due
to the mistakes of the students.

REFERENCES

Samonte, J., & Figueroa, L. (2014). GENERAL CHEMISTRY Laboratory Manual (4th ed., p. 119). Quezon
City: C&E Pub.

Matter. (2014, July 12). Retrieved December 8, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matter

L, A. (n.d.). Chemical Properties of Matter. Retrieved December 8, 2014, from

http://www.wyzant.com/resources/lessons/science/chemistry/chemical-properties-of-matter