Source of energy

A.Fossil fuel

1. Coal
Coal is a black or brownish-black solid combustible substance. It is widely used as a
natural fuel. It took millions of years to form coal by the partial decomposition of
vegetable matter without free access of air and under the influence of moisture and
often increased pressure and temperature. Coal is found in layers within the earth's
crust. Coal energy accounts for at least 28 percent of the world's total primary
energy supply.

2. Natural Gas
Natural gas is a widely available fossil fuel with estimated 850 000 km
in recoverable reserves and at least that much more using enhanced
methods to release shale gas. Improvements in technology and wide
exploration led to a major increase in recoverable natural gas reserves as
shale fracking methods were developed. At present usage rates, natural
gas could supply most of the world's energy needs for between 100 and
250 years, depending on increase in consumption over time.

3. Oil
oil is any neutral, nonpolar chemical substance that is a viscous liquid at ambient
temperatures and is both hydrophobic (immiscible with water, literally "water fearing")
and lipophilic (miscible with other oils, literally "fat loving"). Oils have a high carbon
and hydrogen content and are usually flammable and surface active.

The general definition of oil includes classes of chemical compounds that may be
otherwise unrelated in structure, properties, and uses. Oils may
be animal, vegetable, or petrochemical in origin, and may be volatile or non-volatile.
[1] They are used for food (e.g., olive oil), fuel (e.g., heating oil), medical purposes

(e.g., mineral oil), lubrication (e.g. motor oil), and the manufacture of many types of
paints, plastics, and other materials. Specially prepared oils are used in some
religious ceremonies and rituals as purifying agents.

A.Nuclear fuel
1. Nuclear energy
Nuclear energy is the energy in the nucleus of an atom. Atoms are the
smallest particles that can break a material. At the core of
each atom there are two types of particles (neutrons and protons) that
are held together. Nuclear energy is the energy that
holds neutrons and protons.
 2. Nuclear fusion
Alternatives for energy production through fusion of hydrogen has been under
investigation since the 1950s. No materials can withstand the temperatures required to
ignite the fuel, so it must be confined by methods which use no materials. Magnetic and
inertial confinement are the main alternatives (Cadarache, Inertial confinement fusion)
both of which are hot research topics in the early years of the 21st century.

C.Renewable resources Energy

1. Solar energy
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of ever-
evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar
architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis..

2.Wind power
Wind power is the use of air flow through wind turbines to mechanically power generators
for electric power. Wind power, as an alternative to burning fossil fuels, is plentiful, renewable,
widely distributed, clean, produces no greenhouse gas emissions during operation, consumes
no water, and uses little land.[2] The net effects on the environment are far less problematic than
those of nonrenewable power sources..
3.Wave and tidal power[edit]
Wave power is the transport of energy by wind waves, and the capture of that energy to do
useful work for example, electricity generation, water desalination, or the pumping of water
(into reservoirs). A machine able to exploit wave power is generally known as a wave energy
converter (WEC).

4.Geothermal[edit]
Geothermal power is power generated by geothermal energy. Technologies in use include dry
steam power stations, flash steam power stations and binary cycle power stations. Geothermal
electricity generation is currently used in 24 countries, [1] while geothermal heating is in use in 70
countries.[2]

5.Biomass
Biomass is organic matter derived from living, or recently living organisms. Biomass can be
used as a source of energy and it most often refers to plants or plant-based materials that are
not used for food or feed, and are specifically called lignocellulosic biomass.[1] As an energy
source, biomass can either be used directly via combustion to produce heat, or indirectly after
converting it to various forms of biofuel. Conversion of biomass to biofuel can be achieved by
different methods which are broadly classified into: thermal, chemical,
and biochemical methods.

6.Hydropower]
Hydropower or water power (from the Greek: , "water") is power derived from the energy of
falling water or fast running water, which may be harnessed for useful purposes. Since ancient
times, hydropower from many kinds of watermills has been used as a renewable
energy source for irrigation and the operation of various mechanical devices, such
as gristmills, sawmills, textile mills, trip hammers, dock cranes, domestic lifts, and ore mills.
A trompe, which produces compressed air from falling water, is sometimes used to power
other machinery at a distance.