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CERTIFICATION
Chapter 1
1. Which of the following statements is false?
a. Predictive Maintenance has the purpose of identifying and monitoring
machine flaws.
b. Predictive Maintenance help to planning in a periodic way the machine
repairing,
c. Predictive Maintenance minimizing the production losses due to
shutting down of driving equipment.
d. Predictive Maintenance keep high the equipment reliability.
Answer:
2. Which of the following statements is considered as a
Predictive Maintenance disadvantage?
a. Allows visualization of flaw evolution.
b. Optimizes the Predictive Maintenance administration.
c. Facilitates flaw analysis.
d. It is successfully only with personal well trained.
Answer:
3. The surveillance and vibration analysis are the most
important tools in Predictive Maintenance, and it is based in:
a. All the machines have a normal vibration level, due to the
manufacturing tolerances.
b. All the machines have a normal vibration level, due to
manufacturing and mounting tolerances.
c. All the machines have a normal vibration level, due to
manufacturing, mounting and operation tolerances.
d. All the machines have a normal vibration level, due to
manufacturing, mounting and operation not allowable tolerances.
Answer:
4. If there is an important increment of the normal vibration
level of a machine, then it is possible to say that:
a. There is an increment of the flaws severity.
b. The measurement method has been changed.
c. The measurement instrument is uncalibrated.
d. All the previous ones.
Answer:
5. Which of the following statements is false?
a. The recurring and transient mechanical impacts generate energy peaks
that excite natural frequencies of the elements.
b. The impacts are of low frequency and the natural frequencies are of very
high frequency.
c. The natural frequencies are of very high frequency and they are caused
by friction of two surfaces.
d. It is not advisable measuring at very high frequency to detect incipient
defects in bearings and gears.
Answer:
6. Which of the following lub oil monitoring techniques is not
subjective?
a. Visual.
b. Odors.
c. Viscosity.
d. The filter life.
Answer:
7. Ferrography is a technique used to analyze .
a. With a microscope; shapes and sizes of the lub oil metallic particles and
comparing results with identification patterns.
b. The amount of metallic particles (PPM) contained in the lub oil due to
friction among components of the machine.
c. Metallic particles bigger than 0.5 mm (19 mils).
d. Metallic particles smaller than 0.1 microns.
Answer:
8. Thermography, is a technique that is based in
a. the amount of heat generated from the surface of a body.
b. The body temperature is direct relationship to the infrared wave longitude
size that they emit..
c. Use instruments that allows one to see and measure the infrared energy
and turns it into visible images.
d. Measure the infrared wave longitude size that any body emit from the
surface.
Answer:
9. Which is the main requirement Predictive Maintenance
personnel skill?:
a. Analytical, good observer, tidy and patient.
b. Self taught.
c. Experience in planning.
d. Experience in operation and maintenance of machines.
Answer:
10. Which is the correct order for the Predictive Maintenance
Program start up?
a. Selection of the machines, Collection of the initial data,
Planning, Programming, Execution and Control.
b. Selection of the machines, Planning, Collection of the initial
data, Programming, Execution and Control.
c. Selection of the machines, Programming, Planning, Collection
of the initial data, Execution and Control.
d. Selection of the machines, Planning, Programming, Collection
of the initial data, Execution and Control.
Answer:
Chapter 2
11. Which of the following statements is false?
a. Due to an excitation force, the system (rotor-bearing) responds with three
vectorial forces having a magnitude that will depend on the structural
characteristics of the system, namely stiffness, inertial mass and damping.
b. The stiffness force is 180 out of phase from the inertial force.
c. The inertial force varies with the mass system and with the vibration
acceleration.
d. The damping force varies with vibration displacement and with the system
damping.
Answer:
12. Convert to velocity (in / sec RMS) and acceleration (gs
peak), 1.5 mils peak-peak at 3,585 CPM.
a. 0.199 in / sec RMS y 0.274 gs peak.
b. 0.398 in / sec RMS y 0.548 gs peak.
c. 0.282 in / sec RMS y 0.387 gs peak.
d. None of the previous ones.
Answer:
Velocity = 2fD= 2x(3,585/60)x(1.5/2)x0.707/1,000 = 0.199 in / sec RMS
Acceleration=(2f)2D = ((2x(3,585/60)) 2x(1.5/2)/1,000)/386.1 = 0.274 gs peak
D: Displacement peak (Mils).
f: Frequency (CPS).
A: Acceleration peak (in/sec 2) (1 g = 386.1 in/sec2)
13. Convert to displacement (mils RMS) and velocity (in / sec
peak), 4.5 gs peak at 1,780 CPM.
a. 50.005 mils RMS y 6.541 in/sec peak.
b. 35.354 mils RMS y 9.321 in/sec peak.
c. 100.01 mils RMS y 0.387 gs peak.
d. None of the previous ones.
Answer:
Velocity = 2fD
Acceleration = 2fV = (2f)2D
Velocity = Acceleration/2f = 4.5 x 386.1/(2x1,780/60) = 9.321 in/sec peak
Displacement =(Velocity x 0.707/(2x1,780/60))x1,000 = 35.354 mils RMS
14. For a rotor running with a speed of 25 RPM, calculate the
maximum time to collect a complete 4 revolution time waveform.
a. 0.16 sec.
b. 2.4 sec.
c. 4.8 sec.
d. 9.6 sec.
Answer:
Calculation of a revolution period T
T = 1/f = 1/(25/60) = 2.4 sec.
Time of four (4) revolutions = 4 x T = 4 x 2.4 = 9.6 sec.
15. The exit voltage of a seismic transducer is 0.35 volts,
measured with a voltmeter. Which will be the vibration velocity peak, if the
transducer sensibility is 1,080 mV/(in / sec) peak?
a. 0.032 in/sec peak.
b. 0.324 in/sec peak.
c. 0.378 in/sec peak.
d. None of the previous ones.
Answer:
Velocity = 0.35 x 1,000 / 1,080 = 0.324 in/sec peak
16. Why there are limits of frequencies in the mounting
methods of an accelerometer in order to take reliable vibrations data. Because
it depend of:
a. The size of the machine to measure.
b. The accelerometer natural frequency excited by
resonant frequencies.
c. The machine operation speed.
d. The excitation of the new natural frequencies that
appear according to the accelerometer mounting method.
Answer:
17. Calculate the number of samples of the time waveform to
obtain a spectrum of 800 lines.
a. 2048
b. 1024
c. 800
d. 512
Answer:
The number of samples = 2.56 x # of lines
The number of samples = 2.56 x 800 = 2,048
18. Calculate the maximum time for taking a spectrum of 800
lines having a frequency range of 20,000 CPM with 4 averages and 67%
overlap.
a. 9.6 sec.
b. 6.432 sec.
c. 4.776 sec.
d. 3.192 sec.
Answer:
T MAX = 60 x # lines_____
Range of frequencies
T MAX = 60 x 800 = 2.4 sec.
20,000
T TOTAL = T MAX x [1 + (# Average - 1)(1 (overlap/100))]
T TOTAL = 2.4 x [1 + (4 - 1)(1 (67/100))] = 4.776 sec.
19. Calculate the dynamic range of an instrument to visualize
two vibration peaks in an acceleration spectrum; 0.123 in/sec peak to 180,000
CPM and 0.01 gs to 165,000 CPM.
a. 55.57 dB.
b. 52.56 dB.
c. 21.80 dB
d. None of the previous ones.
Answer:
Acceleration = (2f)V = (2x(180,000/60)x(0.123))/386.1 = 6.005 gs peak
Dynamic Range = 20 log (6.005/0.01) = 55.57 dB
20. Calculate the bandwidth of an instrument that uses Hanning
window, to analyze the sidebands at pole pass frequency, of a induction motor of
four poles; speed of the rotor 1,790 RPM, Line frequency 3,600 CPM and
frequency range 12,000 CPM.
a. 45.0
b. 22.5
c. 11.25
d. 5.625
Answer:
Separation of frequencies is: 7,200 7,160 = 40 CPM
Resolution of Frequency < 40 / 3 = 13.33 CPM
According to Table 2.7, the lowest frequencies Resolution at 13.33 CPM is 7.50
CPM and it corresponds to 1,600 lines, therefore the Bandwidth will be:
Bandwidth = Range of frequencies x Window Factor = 12,000 x 1.5 = 11.25 CPM
#lines FFT 1,600
Then the Bandwidth is 11.25 CPM and the desired Frequency Resolution is
achieved with 1,600 lines.
Chapter 3
21. In induction motors, which of the following statements is
false?.
a. When the electric current is applied on the stator a rotational magnetic
field occurs in the air gap.
b. The rotating magnetic field of the stator induces a current in the rotor bars
(in short circuit with end rings) that is proportional to the speed of the
magnetic field that cuts the bars of the rotor.
c. The current induced in the rotor bars produces its own magnetic field that
act with the stator magnetic field and generate a force at the rotor bars.
d. If there are any broken rotor bars, the resistance will decrease and the
driving force will be less, consequently there will not be a couple but an
unbalanced force that will cause vibrations.
Answer:
71. What is the balancing procedure and in how many planes should
be balance, a symmetrical rotor speed is 1,780 RPM, weigh 50 kilos, has a
diameter of 60 cm and a wide (among balancing planes) of 25 cm?
Show the following vibrations, filtered at rotor RPM:
Answer:
82. There are many reasons for the existence of a misalignment condition, such
us;
a. Bearings failures.
b. Pipe strain in pumps.
c. Very rigid pedestals.
d. All the above.
Answer:
83. Why is necessary to verify, the shafts driver and driven end play?
a. In order to compare with the end play that the coupling can absorb.
b. In order to adjust the distance among the coupling hubs, thus avoid the
axial efforts.
c. In order to be able to center the rotors, inside their end plays.
d. All the above.
Answer:
84. If the vibration readings indicate a misalignment condition and the shafts were
checked and the misalignment is insignificant, then it is possible that:
a. The machine level is not accurate.
b. Exist worn bearings.
c. The coupling misalignment maximum allowable is very small.
d. All the above.
Answer:
85. If the frequencies spectrum of looseness is at 1X and 2X and the frequencies
spectrum of deflection is also at 1X and 2X, then. How they can be identify?
a. If it is looseness, then phase angle of the vibrations at 1X and 2X will be
0.
b. If it is deflection, then the phase angle of the vibrations at 1X and 2X will
be 180.
c. If it is looseness, then the phase angle of the vibrations at 1X and 2X will
change.
d. It is not possible identify with vibrations.
Answer:
86. Which of the following statements is true?
a. The couplings are designed to absorb small offset and angular
misalignments.
b. If the coupling is locked up, then insignificant misalignment will cause
excessive vibrations.
c. If the coupling is locked up, then the axial vibration and phase angles
readings will change in each start.
d. All the above.
Answer:
87. In order to align hot working machines, it is not necessary to consider the
following statements: