I.

INTRODUCTION

A. DEFINITION OF TERMS

Bare Pipes
- it's steel pipe without any processing and packing.

Conduction
- defined as transferring heat or electricity through a conducting medium by
way of direct contact

Convection
- the movement of groups of molecules within fluids such as liquids or gases,
and within rheids. Convection takes place through advection, diffusion or
both.

Heat gain:
- when the surface to be insulated is below ambient temperature, heat will be
gained rather than lost. This fact will be indicated in the formulas in this
section by a negative value being show for Q.
Heat loss
- a measure of the total transfer of heat through the fabric of a building from
inside to the outside, either from conduction, convection, radiation, or any
combination of the these.

Heat transfer
- the exchange of thermal energy between physical systems.

Lagged Pipes
- pipes having a thermal insulation structure placed around a central core of

Losses by convection
- when there are small air gaps exist between the surface wall and insulation.

Pipe insulation
- thermal insulation used to prevent heat loss and gain from pipes, to save
energy and improve effectiveness of thermal systems.

Thermal conduction
- the transfer of heat (internal energy) by microscopic collisions of particles
and movement of electrons within a body. The microscopically colliding
objects, that include molecules, atoms, and electrons, transfer disorganized
microscopic kinetic and potential energy, jointly known as internal energy.
Thermal conductivity
- basically the property of a material that allows the flow of heat through the
material

The first law of thermodynamics

 - a version of the law of conservation of energy, adapted for thermodynamic
systems. The law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an
isolated system is constant; energy can be transformed from one form to
another, but cannot be created or destroyed.

Radiation
- the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles
through space or through a material medium.

Radiant heat loss

-occurs as a result of highly energized molecules transmitting heat by way of waves
or particles

B. TYPES, MODELS OR CLASSIFICATION AND CAPACITIES

C. DETAILED PARTS

II. OPERATION, MAINTENANCE, REPAIR AND TROUBLESHOOTING

III. TESTING OF EQUIPMENT

SETUP:

1. The test section is consists of four 10 ft. lengths of 1-inch standard steel pipe
mounted on a framework of welded 2 inch steel angles.
 2. One of the lengths is bare and the others are air cell asbestos insulation, 85%
magnesia insulation, and silver chrome (aluminum pigment) paint
respectively.

3. The test pipes are connected to a common header into which steam is
introduced either directly from the main or from a line containing a reducing
valve.

4. Each end of the tested pipe is equipped with a plug-type valve where steam
condensate is drained, collected in beakers and measured.

In this apparatus, determining the heat loss from bare and lagged pipe is conducted
through:
Supplying heat from the condensation of steam into the pipe to be
tested.
Surface temperatures are measured by means of a portable
thermocouple potentiometer.
PROCEDURE

1. Steam is first introduced to the common header where in the flow is

regulated through a reducing valve. Make 3 runs with steam pressure at
10psig, 20psig and 30 psig.

2. After adjusting the system to the desired pressure, crack the drain cock under
the header to remove water from the steam line and header.

3. The four plug-type valves were then opened to blow out any condensate from
the pipes, and then closed them until only a small amount of steam escapes
along with the condensate.

4. When the system has reached equilibrium (measured at various points), as

determined by surface temperature measurements reading on the
thermocouple, collect and measure the condensate from each pipe over a
timed interval of 15 ,30 minutes and 1hr, and then during this period, record
the following data needed for calculations:
a. Barometric pressure
b. Room temp
c. Steam pressure and temp
d. Surface temperatures
5. The surface-film coefficients and the lagging efficiency are calculated from
the temperature of the surfaces and the room.