Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Webinar
2.5 50
60
60 5
15
40
5
5
15 40
50 2.5
2.5
5
5
60 80 5
30
A Seismic 2.5
Acceleration Coefficient Zone
2.5
< 0.09 1 5
_ 0.19
> 0.09 and < 2
Tro
_ 0.29
> 0.19 and < 3 pic
of C
ance
_
> 0.29 4 r
MXICO
2
INGECIBER- CivilFEM Developer / ANSYS Partner
Ingeciber S.A. is a CAE company and ANSYS Channel Partner
with more than 20 years of experience using and developing
CAE Software
Ingecibers
g Qualityy Assurance System
Q y is ISO 9001 certified.
3
ANSYS Today
Worlds
World s Largest Simulation Community
>125,000CommercialSeats
>125 000 Commercial Seats >60,000CommercialSeats
>60 000 Commercial Seats >10,000CommercialSeats
>10 000 Commercial Seats
>140,000UniversitySeats >70,000UniversitySeats
>200ChannelPartners >20ChannelPartners
>75IndustryPartners >80IndustryPartners
4
ANSYS/CivilFEM
5
CivilFEM & ANSYS
6
CivilFEM Help
7
Current CivilFEM Distributors
8
CAE Associates, Inc.
25 years Structural,
Structural Thermal and Fluid engineering consulting
One of the original ANSYS Channel partners
The US leader in ANSYS Finite Element Training
Custom Training of ANSYS and CivilFEM
10
Sampling of CAE Consulting Services
NIST Structural Fire Response and Probable
Collapse Sequence of the World Trade Center
Towers Investigation
Steam Generator Replacement in Nuclear
C t i
Containment tB
Buildings
ildi
Pre-stressed Concrete Pipe Simulation
Concrete Dam simulation to meet
FERC /C/Corps off Engineers
E i licensing
li i
11
CAE Associates Senior Technical Staff
Nicholas M. Veikos, Ph.D., President
Peter R. Barrett, M.S.C.E., P.E., Vice President
Michael Bak, Ph.D., Project Manager
P ti kC
Patrick Cunningham,
i h M S M E Project
M.S.M.E., P j t Manager
M
Steven Hale, M.S.M.E., Project Manager
James Kosloski,, M.S.M.E.,, Project
j Manager
g
Hsin-Hua Tsuei, Ph.D., CFD Manager
Jonathan Masters, Ph.D., Project Manager
George Bauer, M.S.M.E., Project Manager
Eric Stamper, M.S.M.E., Project Manager
Michael Kuron,
Kuron M.S.M.E.,
M S M E Project Engineer
Lawrence L. Durocher, Ph.D., Director
12
ANSYS Strengths
Nonlinear Stress Analysis
Contact
Plasticity
Creep
L
Large D
Deflection
fl i P-Delta
P D l Eff
Effects
Element Birth and Death
Full Element Library (over 200)
Beams, Pi
B Pipes & Sh
Shells
ll
2D and 3D Solids
Springs, Contact, etc
Dynamic Analysis
Response Spectrum
Thermal-Stress Analysis
Indirect and direct coupled field simulations
13
ANSYS Strengths Development 12.0
14
CivilFEM Strengths
CivilFEM Capabilities
Entire suite of ANSYS capabilities including nonlinear analysis
and dynamics
Built-in
B ilt i Section
S ti Properties,
P ti Material
M t i l Models
M d l and d Code
C d ChChecking
ki
Pre-stressed Concrete
Geotechnical Applications
Nuclear Applications
15
CivilFEM
G t h i l
Geotechnical
Module
Introduction
The ~CFACTIV
CFACTIV command is used to activate and deactivate each module
module.
~CFACTIV,GETC,Y
17
Geotechnical Capabilities Summary
18
Geotechnical Materials
~CFMP command.
command
This command defines the soil or rock material properties in ANSYS
and CivilFEM.
It can be applied using
sing one of the follo
following
ing options
options:
From library: reads from the library the material properties for a given
material reference.
~CFMP,1,LIB,SOIL,,...
~CFMP,1,LIB,ROCK,,...
User defined: the material looses its library reference and the user can
change
h any off it
its properties.
ti
~CFMP,1, USER
Material
M t i l IInclude
l d St
Standard
d d ANSYS as wellll as unique
i Ci ilFEM Materials
CivilFEM M t i l
19
Soil Material Properties
Soil Library
~CFMP,1,LIB,SOIL,,...
Material
number
Copy materials
20
Rock Material Properties
Rocks library
~CFMP,1,LIB,ROCK,,...
Material
M t i l
number
Delete materials
Rock
Modify selected classifications
material
Copy materials
21
Geotechnical Material Wizard
22
Soil and Rock Material Properties
Soil /Rock properties are divided into 7 different groups:
General properties:
common for all the materials (number, reference, type,)
Structural analysis properties: .
Static
St ti and
dddynamic
i properties,
ti material
t i lb behavior,
h i etc.t
Specific weight properties:
specific weight, density, porosity, etc.
Properties:
test parameters, materials laws, etc.
Grain-size or Hoek & Brown properties :
grain-size parameters and Atterberg limits or Hoek & Brown & Dilatancy parameters
Correlations:
relationships between geotechnical parameters.
FLAC3D:
Flac3D properties.
Soil Menu
Rock Menu
23
Soil and Rock Material Properties
Structural Analysis
properties are divided
into:
Elasticity modulus,
modulus
Poisson ratio and
density used for the
structural analysis.
Plastic behavior
Static properties
Seismic properties
24
Soil and Rock Material Properties
Specific Weight
properties are divided
into:
Specific weights
Density
Porosity
Water content
25
Soil and Rock Material Properties
26
Soil and Rock Material Properties
27
Soil and Rock Material Properties
28
Soil and Rock Material Properties
The correlations can be selected from the CivilFEM library or from a user
defined file.
Select between CivilFEM
correlations or user defined
29
Correlations
5- Correlation
number 6- Function
International
System
U
UNITSS
7- Comment
(Optional)
The right hand menu
assists in writing a
4- Select
4 S l t new correlation
correlation
30
Example - Cap Drucker-Prager Model
Cap Drucker
Drucker-Prager
Prager plasticity model applicable to
Simulation granular materials such as soils
Include
I l d cap h hardening
d i
Include shear envelope hardening
31
CivilFEM Soil Materials Example Help
32
Layered Terrain Definition
Terrain Terrain
Number of number name
layers.
(Maximum, Pitch
20))
Location Terrain
general
properties
Water
W t
Table
SurfaceLoad
Thickness
Layer
L Material
number
Layer
Horizontal Ballast p
Properties
M d l
Module
Coulomb theory
for earth
pressure
calculation
33
Layered Terrains Definition
New Terrain
Delete
l Terrain
Copy Terrain
Properties list
34
Earth Pressures,
Pressures
Ballast Module, Soil
F
Foundation
d i S
Stiffness
iff
Automated Earth Pressures
CivilFEM Model: Earth column contribution over this point
At rest earth pressure in
Active earth pressure E0 K0 ihi K0 q
i 1
Passive earth ppressure
The soil weight on the selected elements of the model.
Dry and flooded earth 1
ELEMENT TYPES:
Beams
Shells
Solids Y
Z X Y
Z X
Surface elements:
3D BEAM ELEMENTS SHELL ELEMENTS 2
5 5
3 z
y
1
x
2 6
4
z x
y
4 1
3
36
Earth Pressures
Layer1 h1
in1 L L2 L L2
E Kh
ih i nL1 K hc c 1
2
K hq q 1
2
Layer2
h2
i1
L1
37
Ballast Module
38
Ballast Module
Calculates
C l l t ththe b
ballast
ll t module
d l ffor a ffoundation
d ti previously
i l ddefined
fi d bby th
the
user. The elements and nodes that make up the foundation must be
selected beforehand.
Enter foundation
and terrain
numbers
~EFSCALC, UCIM, UTER
39
Ballast Module: Results
Foundation
not created List
Activated results
foundation
Deactivated
foundation
Results scale
40
Retaining Walls
Retaining Wall Calculation
Non-linear Analysis
Construction Sequence
Automated Simulation changing with excavation level
42
Retaining Wall Calculation
The excavation or
backfilling process can
be visualized in each
calculation step.
43
Retaining Wall Calculation
44
Retaining Wall Calculation
The systems
y g
generated mayy consist of one or two walls that can be
integrated inside other ANSYS models like a subset.
The model is solved by means of an evolving calculation, where each
calculation stage
g represents
p a step
p in excavation or backfill.
The reinforcement of the retaining walls can be later designed by
CivilFEM.
Applicable to any ANSYS/CivilFEM cross section
45
Retaining Walls: Modeling
Actions
APT2 APT1
W ll graduated
Well d t d gravell
Silt
46
Retaining Walls: Earth Pressure
F
-(E0-Ea)
d
HBM
-(E
(Ep-E
E0)
47
Retaining Walls: Calculation Procedure
~WALLINI
Generall
G
Properties
Wall 1
Properties
Wall 2
Properties
48
Retaining Walls: Calculation Procedure
~WALLGEN command
Defines the elements forming the retaining wall:
Material:
Concrete
Steel ~WALLGEN, IWALL, ISEC, LENGTH, MAT, TYPE, REAL
Type
Wall
Real constant number
Section Length
It is possible to use
any nonlinear behavior
in the Retaining Wall
49
Retaining Walls: Calculation Procedure
ANCHORAGE TYPES
Articulated Fixed
(ANCHTYPE = 1) (ANCHTYPE = 0)
The anchorage is A support will be
created as a beam placed on the wall.
with one of its ends The node will be
fixed to the soil.
soil moved to its initial
location.
Delete
Fixed with no
(ANCHTYPE = -1)
movement
All anchorages at restoring
the chosen level will (ANCHTYPE = 2)
be deleted at this
A support will be
construction step.
placed on the wall.
50
S
Seepage A
Analysis
l i
Seepage Analysis Capabilities
Export the obtained pore water pressure to slope stability analysis. The
finite element mesh used in both analysis can be different.
H H H
v x - K xx
, v y - K yy
, v z - K zz
x y z
52
Seepage Analysis: Boundary Conditions
Impermeable surface:
H
0
n
Upstream surface: H = H0
Seepage surface: H = geometric height
Downstream surface: H = H1
y
Saturation surface
Upstream surface H
H(x,y) = H0 n
H0 A
Seepage surface
H(x,y) = y(x)
B H1 x
Impermeable surface
H Downstream surface
n H( ) = H1
H(x,y)
53
Seepage Analysis: CivilFEM Elements (II)
54
Seepage Analysis: CivilFEM Elements (III)
El
Element
t ttypes are automatically
t ti ll changed
h dbby th
the solver.
l
55
Seepage Analysis: CivilFEM Elements (IV)
K
L
I
y J
4 nodes triangle option
x
I
y
Degenerated shape
x
Second grade shape function
F
Four nodes
d ttwo-dimensional
di i l element
l t
Triangular prism
Basic shape
M,N,O,P
K,L
Tetrahedron
J
Three-dimensional
Three dimensional
56
Seepage Analysis: Saturation Line
DAM EXAMPLE:
The saturation line has two end points that must comply with the following
boundary conditions:
a) Fixed: Point A in the figure
b) Sliding along a seepage surface: Point B in the figure
y
Saturation line
H0 A t
y(x) 1 Seepage
p g surface
H = 0
H0 n
( x,y)= y B
H A
y1 H1
y2 y3 y4 yB
H(x,y)=y(x) x
a H = 0 x
H(x,y)=H1
n
57
Slope Stability
Slope Stability
1
1. CLASSICAL METHODS
Fellenius
Bishop
Simplified and Modified Janbu
59
Slope Stability
Bi h M
Bishops Method:
th d
Sliding surface: CIRCLE.
Equilibrium of moments in relation to the circle center.
It ti process N d
Iterative depends
d on ththe safety
f t ffactor
t F.F
60
Slope Stability
Janbus
Janbu s Simplified Method:
Sliding surface: ANY POLYGONAL.
Forces equilibrium.
Iterative process N calculation is the same as for the Bishops
Bishop s method.
method
61
Slope Stability
2
2. FINITE ELEMENT METHOD:
Safety factor F
c ( u)tg . a
n
. a
n = Normal stress on the bottom
of the slice
= Tangential stress on the
bottom of the slice
a = Slice width
-.378E+ 07
-.336E+ 07
-.294E+ 07
u = Pore water pressure
-.252E+ 07
-.210E+ 07
-.168E+ 07
-.126E+ 07
-836853
-416758
3338
62
Slope Stability
63
Slope Stability
~SLPIN N1,
~SLPIN, N1 N2,
N2 N3 ~SLPINK K1,
~SLPINK, K1 K2,
K2 K3
64
Slope Stability
Number of
colors
Maximum safety
factor shown
65
Tunneling
66
Wizard for Tunnel Design
Tensin
Verticalvertical. FrenteAdvancement
Stress. Tunnel de avance
Longitudinal
Forces and Moments on Section
Concrete
COL 3
COL 1
PLOT NO. 1
-.018494
-.014481
-.010468
-.006455
-.002443
.00157
.005583
.009596
.013609
.017621
COL 2
67
Underground Structures (Tunnels)
11
CERROGORDO
68
Underground Structures (Tunnels)
69
Wizard for Tunnel Design
70
Wizard for Tunnel Design
71
Hoek & Brown
Failure Criterion
Hoek & Brown Failure Criterion
This tool offers the possibility to work with rock foundation models,
satisfying the Hoek and Browns failure model, original (1980) or modified
(1992).
RMR Rating used to select failure model
73
Hoek & Brown Failure Criterion
HOEK & BROWNS CRITERION VALIDITY
The Hoek and Browns criterion is valid only for low confinement
pressures.
In rock mechanics, four structural situations of the rock massifs are
generally distinguished according to the defects and discontinuities shown.
1 3
Rocky Massif State Classification
3
Group I: m s
Intact Rock
c c
Group II:
One single discontinuity
74
Hoek & Brown Failure Criterion
MODEL OPERATION
1, 3 Hoek-Brown c,,
Mohr-Coulomb
S l
Solve
Drucker-Prager
75
Hoek & Brown Failure Criterion
CALCULATION PROCEDURE
After creating the model, the Hoek & Brown solver should be used.
Read material
properties
p p at the
end of a Hoek &
Brown analysis, for
other calculations.
Write material
properties at the
end of the Hoek &
Brown analysis
76
Terrain Initial
St ess
Stress
Terrain Initial Stress
Gravity
Gravity
78
Terrain Initial Stress
79
Terrain Initial Stress
80
Foundation Piles
Deep Foundations
82
Piles
Driven piles
Excavated/Drilled foundations
Micropiles
Load Test Reinforcement
Example Pile Cap Load Test
Design
83
Foundation Piles
Polygonal or circular
DIAPIL
1
R
A
DP
O
2 5
L
X
RA D
P IL
3 4
H i htE
HeightEn
HeightPil
HeightT (1)
WidPLA
LenPIL
HeightT (NumStr)
HeightT (NumStr+1)
Z
X
Poligonal pile-wailing
84
Foundation Piles
DistPilx (1...Npx-1)
Rectangular pile cap |
DIAPIL
DExt Top
Piles identified with _
two numbers (I,J): (3,4)
Horizontal and vertical Y
DExtRig
_ (I,J)
PosXCol X
PosYCol
DExt Bot
_ (1,1) (1,2)
D
DExtLef
HeightEn
HeightPil
HeightT (1)
WidPLA
LenPIL
HeightT (NumStr)
HeightT (NumStr+1)
85
Foundation Piles
Cohesionless Soils
Compacity NSPT () c (kPa)
High 30 50
30-50 36 41
36-41 0 20
0-20
86
Foundation Piles
j ( ) Cohesionless soils
45
40
35
30
25
(c , j )
L L
20
15
Cohesive soils
10
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 c (kPa)
87
Foundation Piles Force - Deflection
LOAD Q
QT
QP
QS
wS wP SETTLEMENT, w
88
Foundation Piles
a = fs /Cu
Skin friction
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0 200 400 600 800
Undrained shear strength, Cu (kPa)
g (%)
fS
2.0
a Cu ~ 50 kPa
a Cu ~ 200 kPa
1.5
ws = g. Dp
1.0
0.5
a Cu ~ 100 kPa
0.0
0 200 400 600 800
Undrained shear strength, Cu (kPa)
Shaft deformability factorg (%)
Value can be changed
89
Foundation Piles
90
Foundation Piles
Skin friction
Point resistance
Values can be changed
g
91
Foundation Piles
z1 Q Q
zp S P
z2
z3
znL
-z -z
92
Foundation Piles Base Soil
( )
(a)
_
_ La
(b) Lb
a1 .Dp Passive zone
_
Lc
_
(c)
a2 .Dp Active zone
P i t resistance
Point i t development
d l t
93
Foundation Piles Grouping Effect
h <_1
Unit bearing capacity f
f
h >_1
w
(w, f)
f
U
(h .w, h .f)
w f
f*
w w* Settlement, w
Groupping effect
94
Foundation Piles Stress Check
Mean Design Stress Checking Structural Capacity vs. Pile diameter
sc(MPa)
Structural Capa city
9
Canadian code (Extraordinary loads)
8
Recommended for
Extraordinary Loads (Earthquake, etc)
7
French Code
5
Recommended
for Service Loads
4
Spanish Construction code NTE
3
Recommended for
2 single pile
((Service Loads))
1
0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 2.00
D (m)
p
95
Foundation Piles FEA Model
Equivalent springs
Horizontal skin springs
Horizontal Ballast module:
Chadeysson Ski V
Skin Vertical
ti l SSpring
i
Springs on nodes
96
Foundation Piles - Loads
Fz Z
Mz Other loads:
Pressure on slab
Mx
My
Self weight
X
Fx
Y Seismic
Fy
acceleration
97
Foundation Piles
Reinforcement Groups:
Primary reinforcement A1p Secondary reinforcement A1s Punching reinforcemente A1p Secondary reinforcement A1s
98
Foundation Piles
99
Foundation Piles
100
Foundation Piles
101
Foundation Piles
102
Foundation Piles
103
Foundation Piles
104
Foundation Piles
105
Integration with FLAC3D
106
Foundations & Dams
Dams
107