Produced Water

Membrane Technology
 Membrane Classifications

Micro filtration .1 to 1 Micron

Ultra filtration 6K to 100K MWCO
Thin-Film UF 500, 1000, 2000, 3000 and
3500 MWCO
Nan filtration 150 to 500 MWCO
Reverse Osmosis 50 to 150 MWCO
 Particulates
Membrane Groups
MF
.2 to .4 Detergents
Dyes
Protein
UF1 Bacteria
.01 to .04
Metal ions
UF2 Dyes
2+
SO4 2- Ca
.003 to .005
Acids
30 to 50
Na+
NF NO 3-
-
5 to 10 Cl

RO
< 5
H2O

OSMONICS DESAL
INSIDE THE M-SERIES MEMBRANE ELEMENT

M-Series elements are comprised of several

different components, including permeate
carriers, supports, membranes, glues and
feed spacers

Construction design maximizes the amount

of surface area per element
M-SERIES SPIRAL WOUND
ELEMENT CHARACTERISTICS

Operating up to 190F

pH range 2 to 10

0.01 or 0.06 micron pore size

Usually 10 to 50 psi operating pressure

ULTRAFILIC MEMBRANE:
ASYMMETRIC PORE MORPHOLOGY

Oil and dirt molecules are rejected at

the surface rather than being irreversibly
entrapped in the depths of the pore
ULTRAFILIC MEMBRANES ARE OLEOPHOBIC

A smaller contact angle correlates with

a more hydrophilic surface and less
fouling by free oils and highly concentrated
oil emulsions
FOULING FREE TECHNOLOGY

To avoid free oil fouling, the UltraFilic

membrane is engineered to be extremely
hydrophilic (water attracting), as opposed
to conventional oleophilic (oil attracting)
membranes
 Membrane Technology
GE Osmonics

Produced Water
Pilot Research Plant
Levers 2 Well Site
Devon Energy Production Co.

Western Environmental Management Corp. Ltd.

Devon Energy
Production Co.
 PRODUCED WATER
3-Step Membrane Process
From Devon Produced
Water Storage
Ultrafiltration 130 F Concentrate Flow
60 PSI

Permeate Flow
Concentrate
Flow Nanofiltration 130 F
140 PSI

Permeate
Flow Reverse Osmosis 130 F Concentrate Flow

Permeate Flow
500 PSI
 PRODUCED WATER
Research Pilot Plant
3-Pass UF Membrane Process
From Devon Produced
Water Storage
60 psig Ultrafiltration 130 F
1st Pass

48 psig
Recycle
Flow
7.5 gpm Ultrafiltration 130 F
2nd Pass Permeate Flow
5.0 gpm
36 psig

Ultrafiltration 130 F
3rd Pass
Concentrate Flow
24 psig 2.5 gpm
 Lab Test Results
Ultrafiltration Process
Feed Permeate
Ca 632 mg/l Ca 576 mg/l
Mg 68 mg/l Mg 148 mg/l
Sodium 3137 mg/l Sodium 3201 mg/l
Sulfate 2907 mg/l Sulfate 2944 mg/l
Chlorides 3915 mg/l Chlorides 4118 mg/l
pH 5.95 pH 6.33
TDS 10,833 mg/l TDS 11,158 mg/l
Cond* 16,400 umhos Cond* 16,700 umhos
TOC 29 mg/l TOC 11.9 mg/l
Oil & Grease N/A Oil & Grease N/A
 ULTRAFILTRATION
Concentrate Permeate
 PRODUCED WATER
Research Pilot Plant
2-Pass Nanofiltration Membrane Process

From Ultrafiltration Permeate

Water Storage
Nanofiltration 130 F
140 psig 1st Pass
Recycle Permeate Flow
130 psig
Flow 3.0 gpm
17 gpm
Nanofiltration 130 F
120 psig 2nd pass

Concentrate Flow
1.5 gpm
 Lab Test Results
Nanofiltration Process
Feed Permeate
Ca 632 mg/l Ca 98 mg/l
Mg 148 mg/l Mg 16 mg/l
Sodium 3137 mg/l Sodium 3201 mg/l
Sulfate 2944 mg/l Sulfate 50 mg/l
Chlorides 4118 mg/l Chlorides 3976 mg/l
pH 6.33 pH 6.43
TDS 11,158 mg/l TDS 6,835 mg/l
Cond* 16,700 umhos Cond* 12,050 umhos
TOC 11.9 mg/l TOC 7.71 mg/l
Oil & Grease N/A Oil & Grease N/A
 PRODUCED WATER
Research Pilot Plant
1-Pass Reverse Osmosis Membrane Process
From Nanofiltration
Permeate Water
Storage
Reverse Osmosis 130 F Permeate Flow
2.5 gpm
500 psig
Single Pass
Concentrate Flow
1.0 gpm

Recycle Flow
11 gpm
 Lab Test Results
Reverse Osmosis Process
Feed Permeate
Ca 98 mg/l Ca 10 mg/l
Mg 16 mg/l Mg 0 mg/l
Sodium 3201 mg/l Sodium 339 mg/l
Sulfate 50 mg/l Sulfate 3 mg/l
Chlorides 3976 mg/l Chlorides 483 mg/l
pH 6.43 pH 6.39
TDS 6,835 mg/l TDS 933 mg/l
Cond* 12,050 umhos Cond* 1,690 umhos
TOC 7.71 mg/l TOC 2.85 mg/l
Oil & Grease N/A Oil & Grease N/A
 Projected Energy Costs
per
One Million Gallons per Day

Pretreatment 20 Hp $0.0012/bbl*
Ultrafiltration 100 Hp $0.006/bbl*
Nanofiltration 200 Hp $0.012/bbl*
Reverse Osmosis 400 Hp $0.024/bbl*

*Based on an electric cost of $0.08/kwh

Produced Water
Prior Testing

Membrane Technology
BAKERSFIELD CALIFORNIA OIL FIELD
Pilot Test Project Perfomed by Osmonics
Summary of Raw Feed and UF Permeate Analytical Data

Raw Feed UF Perm UF Perm UF Perm UF Perm

Jan Mar May Jun

mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg1

Conductivity 19800 (uS) 20060 (uS) 19100 (uS) 19080 (uS) 19510 (uS)
pH 7 6.1 5.5 5.5 6.2
IC Sodium 4190 4120 4530 4550 4570
IC Calcium 351 252 280 271 220
IC Magnesium 99 75 95.7 91 61
IC Potassium 238 468 111 108 110
IC Ammonium 115 137 25 22 100
IC Chloride 5640 5520 5510 5570 6260
IC Sulfate 198 869 1020 1110 960
IC Fluoride N/D N/D N/D N/D N/D
IC Nitrate N/D N/D N/D N/D N/D
IC Nitrite N/D N/D N/D N/D N/D
IC Phosphate N/D N/D N/D N/D N/D
IC Bromide N/D N/D N/D N/D N/D
IC Acetate N/D N/D N/D N/D N/D
Silica, reactive 220 230 186 190 200
Iron, soluble 2.1 1.3 1.4
Iron, total 1.9
Boron 101 93 100
Total Organic Carbon (TOC) 160 120 115 117 119

Alkalinity, total 160 CaC03 160 CaC03 34.8 CaC03 45.8 CaC03 108 CaC03
Summary of NF Permeate Analytical Data

NF Perm NF Perm NF Perm NF Perm

Jan Mar May Jun

mg/1 mg/1 mg/1 mg/1

Conductivity 16870 (uS) 11910 (uS) 18220 (uS) 17430 (uS)

pH 6 5.5 6.6 6.2
IC Sodium 3530 2680 4070 4040
IC Calcium 116 68.3 56 140
IC Magnesium 14.3 11.2 20 31..9
IC Potassium 116 58 98 88.8
IC Ammonium 34.1 16 N/D 5950
IC Chloride 5030 3530 6220 N/D
IC Sulfate N/D N/D N/D N/D
IC Fluoride N/D N/D N/D N/D
IC Nitrate N/D N/D N/D N/D
IC Nitrite N/D N/D N/D N/D
IC Phosphate N/D N/D N/D N/D
IC Bromide N/D N/D N/D N/D
IC Acetate N/D N/D N/D N/D
Silica, reactive 230 143 206 180
Iron, soluble - - 0.2 -
Iron, total 0.19 N/D 0.14
Boron 80 110 100
Total Organic Carbon (TOC) 39 38 40 37

Alkalinity, total 204 CaC03 35.2 CaC03 16 CaC03 100 CaC03

Summary of RO Permeate Analytical Data

RO1 Perm RO1 Perm RO1 Perm RO2 Perm RO1 Perm R02 Perm
Jan Mar May May Jun Jun

mg/l mg/l mg/1 mg/l mg/l mg/l

Conductivity 3330 (uS) 2476 (uS) 884.4 341.2 (uS) 1245 195.4 (uS)
pH 6.4 6 6.1 11.1 6.6 10.7
IC Sodium 653 535 186 34.4 283 28.6
IC Calcium 24.5 8.17 1.62 0.27 3.29 0.24
IC Magnesium 4.87 1.7 0.53 0.13 0.73 N/D
IC Potassium 16.2 11.4 6.3 0.6 6.23 N/D
IC Ammonium 6.13 3 N/D 39.9 ND 5.6
IC Chloride 819 657 214 7.25 322 3.72
IC Sulfate N/D N/D N/D N/D N/D N/D
IC Fluoride N/D N/D 2.9 N/D N/D N/D
IC Nitrate N/D N/D N/D N/D N/D N/D
IC Nitrite N/D N/D N/D N/D N/D N/D
IC Phosphate N/D N/D N/D N/D N/D N/D
IC Bromide N/D N/D N/D N/D N/D N/D
IC Acetate N/D N/D N/D N/D N/D N/D
Silica, reactive 41 41 5.3 1.5 13.5 0.6
Iron, soluble 0.01 0.1 <.14 <.14
Iron, total 0.049 N/D
Boron 77 56 7.3 69 7.5
Total Organic Carbon 22 21 20 19 20

Alkalinity, total 172 CaC03 62.8 CaC03 72 CaC03 190 CaC03 124 CaC03 88.8 CaC03
 Shell Oil Refinery Surface
Waste Water System
50-100 ppm Oil & 40 ppm S.S.
Equalization Tank
Collects all Run-off
Water from Refinery
Perimeter Heat Exchanger
Raises temperature to
45 C.
5% Volume
Back To
Collection Tank

Conventional
95 % Discharged into Filtration
Manila Bay ULTAFILTRATION 50 Micron
0 ppm Oil and S.S. M-Series
<50-100 ppm
Oil & < 25 ppm S.S.
 Coal Bed Methane
Produced Water Process
Iron and Barium Control

Equalization Tank
Collects Produced
Water from New
Methane Gas Wells
Screen
Filtration
50 Micron
10 % Concentrate to
Evaporation Pond

Cartridge Filtration
20 Micron
90 % Surface Followed by
Discharged Quality Duraslick 5 micron

RO Permeate Low Fouling RO

 Ambient Temperature
Produced Water
< 20 ppm Oil & <50 ppm S.S.

Methane Gas
DAF

8-10% Volume
Back To
DAF

Conventional
90-92 % as Filtration
Formation ULTAFILTRATION 25 Micron
Re-pressurization
0 ppm Oil and S.S. <10-20 ppm
Oil &< 25 ppm S.S.
 Membrane SAGD Process
RO Permeate 90-95% of Initial Feed
3- Pass (UF-NF-RO)
Membrane Low Silica, Hardness
System and TDS
New Option
5-10% Deep Well Or Existing
Hot Lime Disposal
25%
Back To
RO 97-99%
Steam Conventional
75% as Steam High Pressure
Steam Generator Steam Boiler

1-3% Blowdown
 Methane from CBM Produced
Water
Prefilter
5 Micron
Polypro DS-7 Gas Membrane System

Assumes at least
5-10 psi net driving With enough
pressure Pressure vacuum is
Vacuum Not necessary
Optional: One could
Pump or
Supply a low pressure Water
Aspirator
Pump20-50 psi, as opposed
To pulling a vacuum, Whatever
Is Easiest.
Produced Water
Stripped of CH4
Enriched Methane Gas