8/11/2015 R.A.

166

TodayisTuesday,August11,2015

RepublicActNo.166June20,1947

ANACTTOPROVIDEFORTHEREGISTRATIONANDPROTECTIONOFTRADEMARKS,TRADENAMES
ANDSERVICEMARKS,DEFININGUNFAIRCOMPETITIONANDFALSEMARKINGANDPROVIDING
REMEDIESAGAINSTTHESAME,ANDFOROTHERPURPOSES

CHAPTERIPowers,DutiesandFunctionsofPatentOffice

Section1.TransferofpowersfromBureauofCommercetoPatentOffice.Thepowers,dutiesandfunctions
vested in, or performed and exercised by, the Bureau of Commerce in connection with the registration of trade
marks,tradenamesandothermarksareherebytransferredtothePatentOffice.TheadministrationofthisActshall
devolveuponthePatentOffice.

Allbooks,records,documentsandfilesoftheBureauofCommercerelatingtotrademarks,tradenamesandother
marks,andsuchpersonnelofthesaidBureauasisnowdischargingthefunctionsorperformingthedutiesofthe
BureauofCommerceinconnectionwiththeregistrationoftrademarks,tradenamesandothermarkstogetherwith
the corresponding appropriation, are transferred to the Patent Office, and the Budget Commissioner shall make
immediateprovisionforsuchtransfer.

CHAPTERIIRegistrationofMarksandTradeNames

Section2.Whatareregistrable.Trademarks,tradenamesandservicemarksmayberegisteredinaccordance
withtheprovisionsofthisAct.

Section3.Applicationbynonresidents.Anypersonfilinganapplicationfortheregistrationofamarkortrade
name, who is not a resident of the Philippines, must appoint an agent or representative in the Philippines upon
whomnoticeorprocessrelatingtotheapplicationorregistrationofthemarkortradenamemaybeserved.Inthe
eventofdeath,absenceorinabilityoftheagentorrepresentative,anewagentorrepresentativemustbeappointed,
andnoticethereofmustbefiledinthePatentOffice.Uponfailuretomaintainanagentorrepresentativeofrecordin
thePatentOffice,serviceontheDirectorshallbedeemedsufficient.

Section4.Registration of trademarks, tradenames and servicemarks. The owner of a trademark, trade

nameorservicemarkusedtodistinguishhisgoods,businessorservicesfromthegoods,businessorservicesof
othersshallhavetherighttoregisterthesame,unlessit:

(a) Consists of or comprises immoral, deceptive or scandalous matter or matter which may disparage or
falsely suggest a connection with persons, living or dead, institutions, beliefs, or national symbols, or bring
themintocontemptordisrepute

(b)ConsistsoforcomprisestheflagorcoatofarmsorotherinsigniaofthePhilippinesoranyofitspolitical
subdivisions,orofanyforeignnation,oranysimulationthereof

(c)Consistsoforcomprisesaname,portrait,orsignatureidentifyingaparticularlivingindividualexceptby
hiswrittenconsent,orthename,signature,orportraitofadeceasedPresidentofthePhilippines,duringthe
lifeofhiswidow,ifany,exceptbythewrittenconsentofthewidow

(d)Consistsoforcomprisesamarkortradenamewhichsoresemblesamarkortradenameregisteredin
thePhilippinesoramarkortradenamepreviouslyusedinthePhilippinesbyanotherandnotabandoned,as
tobelikely,whenappliedtoorusedinconnectionwiththegoods,businessorservicesoftheapplicant,to
causeconfusionormistakeortodeceivepurchasesor

(e)Consistsofamarkortradenamewhich,whenappliedtoorusedinconnectionwiththegoods,business
orservicesoftheapplicantismerelydescriptiveordeceptivelymisdescriptiveofthem,orwhenappliedtoor
used in connection with the goods, business or services of the applicant is primarily geographically
descriptiveordeceptivelymisdescriptiveofthem,orisprimarilymerelyasurname.

(f)Exceptasexpresslyexcludedinparagraphs(a),(b),(c)and(d)ofthissection,nothinghereinshallprevent
theregistrationofamarkortradenameusedbytheapplicantwhichhasbecomedistinctiveoftheapplicant's
goods,businessorservices.TheDirectormayacceptasprimafacieevidencethatthemarkortradename
hasbecomedistinctive,asappliedtoorusedinconnectionwiththeapplicant'sgoods,businessorservices,
proof of substantially exclusive and continuous use thereof as a mark or tradename by the applicant in
connectionwiththesaleofgoods,businessorservicesforthefiveyearsnextprecedingthedateofthefiling
oftheapplicationforitsregistration.

Section5.Requirementsoftheapplication.Theapplicationfortheregistrationofamarkortradenameshallbe
in English or Spanish, or in the national language, with its corresponding English translation, and signed by the

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applicant,andshallinclude:

(a) Sworn statement of the applicant's domicile and citizenship, the date of the applicant's first use of the
markortradename,thedateoftheapplicant'sfirstuseofthemarkortradenameincommerceorbusiness,
thegoods,businessorservicesinconnectionwithwhichthemarkortradenameisusedandthemodeor
mannerinwhichthemarkisusedinconnectionwithsuchgoods,businessorservices,andthattheperson
makingtheapplicationbelieveshimself,orthefirm,corporationorassociationonwhosebehalfhemakesthe
verification,tobetheownerofthemarkortradenamesoughttoberegistered,thatthemarkortradenameis
in use in commerce or business, and that to the best of his knowledge no person, firm, corporation or
associationhastherighttousesuchmarkortradenameincommerceorbusinesseitherintheidenticalform
thereoforinsuchnearresemblancetheretoasmightbecalculatedtodeceive

(b)Suchnumberofspecimensorfacsimilesofthemarkortradenameasactuallyusedasmayberequired
bytheDirector

(c)Powerofattorney,ifthefilingisthroughattorney

(d)Theappointmentofanagentorrepresentative,iftheapplicantisnotdomiciledinthePhilippinesand

(e)Therequiredfee.

Section 6. Classification of goods and services. The Director shall establish a classification of goods and
services,fortheconvenienceofthePatentOfficeadministration,butnottolimitorextenttheapplicant'srights.The
applicantmayregisterhismarkortradenameinoneapplicationforanyofallthegoodsorservicesincludedinone
class,uponorinconnectionwithwhichheisactuallyusingthemarkortradename.TheDirectormayissueasingle
certificateforonemarkortradenameregisteredinapluralityofclassesuponpaymentofafeeequalingthesumof
thefeesforeachregistrationineachclass.

Section7.Examinationandpublication.Uponthefilingofanapplicationforregistrationandthepaymentofthe
requiredfee,theDirectorshallcauseanexaminationoftheapplicationtobemade,and,ifonsuchexaminationit
shallappearthattheapplicantisentitledtoregistration,theDirector,uponpaymentoftherequiredfee,shallcause
themarkortradenametobepublishedintheOfficialGazette.

Iftheapplicantisfoundnotentitledtoregistration,theDirectorshalladvisetheapplicantthereofandofthereasons
therefor.Theapplicantshallhaveaperiodofthreemonthsinwhichtoreplyoramendhisapplication,whichshall
thenbereexamined.ThisproceduremayberepeateduntiltheDirectorfinallyrefusesregistrationortheapplicant
fails within the required period to reply or amend or appeal, whereupon the application shall be deemed to have
been abandoned, unless it can be shown to the satisfaction of the Director that the delay in responding was
unavoidable,inwhicheventsuchtimemaybeextendedinthediscretionoftheDirector.Anabandonedapplication
may be revived as a pending application within three months from the date of abandonment, upon good cause
shownandthepaymentoftherequiredfee.

Section8.Opposition.Anypersonwhobelievesthathewouldbedamagedbytheregistrationofamarkortrade
namemay,uponpaymentoftherequiredfeeandwithinthirtydaysafterthepublicationunderthefirstparagraphof
sectionsevenhereof,filewiththeDirectorasoppositiontotheapplication.Suchoppositionshallbeinwritingand
verified by the oppositor, or by any person on his behalf who knows the facts, and shall specify the grounds on
whichitisbasedandincludeastatementofthefactsreliedupon.Copiesofcertificatesofregistrationofmarksor
tradenamesregisteredinothercountriesorothersupportingdocumentsmentionedintheoppositionshallbefiled
therewith,togetherwiththetranslationthereofintoEnglish,ifnotintheEnglishlanguage.Forgoodcauseshown
and upon payment of the required surcharge, the time for filing an opposition may be extended for an additional
thirtydaysbytheDirector,whoshallnotifytheapplicantofsuchextension.

Section9.Noticeandhearing. Upon the filing of an opposition, the Director shall forthwith serve notice of the
filing on the applicant, and of the date of the hearing thereof upon the applicant and the oppositor and all other
personshavinganyright,titleorinterestinthemarkortradenamecoveredbytheapplication,asappearofrecord
inthePatentOffice.

Section10.Issuanceandpublicationofcertificates.Whentheperiodforfilingtheoppositionhasexpired,or
whentheDirectorshallhavedeniedtheopposition,theDirector,uponpaymentoftherequiredfee,shallissuethe
certificate of registration. Upon issuance of a certificate of registration, notice thereof making reference to the
publicationoftheapplicationshallbepublishedintheOfficialGazette.

Section11.Issuanceandcontentsofthecertificate.Certificatesofregistrationshallbeissuedinthenameof
theRepublicofthePhilippinesunderthesealofthePatentOffice,andshallbesignedbytheDirector,andarecord
thereoftogetherwithacopyofthespecimenorfacsimileandthestatementoftheapplicant,shallbekeptinbooks
forthatpurpose.Thecertificateshallreproducethespecimenorfacsimileofthemarkortradename,containthe
statementoftheapplicantandstatethatthemarkortradenameisregisteredunderthisAct,thedateofthefirst
use,thedateofthefirstuseincommerceorbusiness,theparticulargoodsorservicesforwhichitisregistered,the
numberanddateoftheregistration,thetermthereof,thedateonwhichtheapplicationforregistrationwasreceived
inthePatentOffice,astatementoftherequirementthatinordertomaintaintheregistration,periodicalaffidavitsof
usewithinthespecifiedtimeshereinafterinsectiontwelveprovided,shallbefiled,andsuchotherdataastherules
andregulationsmayfromtimetotimeprescribe.

Section 12. Duration. Each certificate of registration shall remain in force for twenty years: Provided, That
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registrationsundertheprovisionsofthisActshallbecancelledbytheDirector,unlesswithinoneyearfollowingthe
fifth,tenthandfifteenthanniversariesofthedateofissueofthecertificateofregistration,theregistrantshallfilein
thePatentOfficeanaffidavitshowingthatthemarkortradenameisstillinuseorshowingthatitsnonuseisdueto
specialcircumstanceswhichexcusesuchnonuseandisnotduetoanyintentiontoabandonthesame,andpaythe
requiredfee.

TheDirectorshallnotifytheregistrantwhofilestheaboveprescribedaffidavitsofhisacceptanceorrefusalthereof
and,ifarefusal,thereasonstherefor.

Section13.Disclaimersbeforeissue.TheDirectorshallrequireunregistrablemattertobedisclaimed,butsuch
disclaimer shall not prejudice or affect the applicant's or owner's rights then existing or thereafter arising in the
disclaimed matter, nor shall such disclaimer prejudice or affect the applicant's or owner's rights of registration on
anotherapplicationoflaterdateifthedisclaimedmatterhasbecomedistinctiveoftheapplicant'sorowner'sgoods,
businessorservices.

Section 14. Voluntary surrender, cancellation, amendment and disclaimer after registration. At any time,
upon application of the registrant and payment of the required fee, the Director may permit any registration to be
surrendered,cancelled,orforgoodcauseshowntobeamended,hemaypermitanyregisteredmarkortradename
tobedisclaimedinwholeorinpart:Provided,Thattheregistrationwhensoamendedshallstillcontainregistrable
matterandthemarkortradenameasamendedshallstillberegistrableasawhole,andthatsuchamendmentor
disclaimerdoesnotinvolvesuchchangesintheregistrationastoaltermateriallythecharacterofthemarkortrade
name.TheDirectorshallmakeappropriateentryupontherecordsofthePatentOfficeanduponthecertificateof
registrationor,ifsaidcertificateislostordestroyed,uponacertifiedcopythereof.TheDirectorinhisdiscretionand
uponpaymentoftherequiredfee,mayissueasubstitutecertificatelimitedtothetermoftheoriginalcertificateand
incorporatingsuchamendmentorcorrection.

CHAPTERIIIRenewalsofCertificateofRegistration

Section15.Renewal.Eachcertificateofregistrationmayberenewedforperiodsoftwentyyearsfromtheendof
theexpiringperioduponthefilingofanapplicationthereforandthepaymentoftherequiredfee.Suchapplication
forrenewalshallincludeaswornstatementoftheapplicant'sdomicileandcitizenship,thespecificgoods,business
orservicesinconnectionwithwhichthemarkortradenameisstillinuse,theperiodofanynonuseinreferenceto
the specific goods, business or services covered by original or renewed certificates of registration and any rights
grantedthirdpartiesfortheuseofthemarkortradename,anyadditionalgoods,businessorservicestowhichthe
markortradenamehasbeenextendedduringtheperiodoftheoriginalorrenewedcertificatesofregistration,and
anymaterialvariationinthemannerofdisplayofthemarkortradenamefromthatshownintheoriginalorrenewed
certificateofregistration.Theapplicantshallfiletheapplicationwithinsixmonthsbeforetheexpirationoftheperiod
for which the certificate of registration was issued or renewed, or it may be made within three months after such
expirationforgoodcauseshownanduponpaymentoftherequiredsurcharge.

IntheeventtheapplicantforrenewalbenotdomiciledinthePhilippines,heshallbesubjecttoandcomplywiththe
provisionsofparagraph(d),sectionfive,ChapterIIhereof.

Section16.Effectoffailuretorenewregistration.Merefailuretorenewanyregistrationshallnotaffecttheright
of the registrant to apply for and obtain a new registration under the provisions of this Act, nor shall such failure
entitle any other person to register a mark or tradename unless he is entitled thereto in accordance with the
provisionsofthisAct.

CHAPTERIVCancellationofRegistration

Section17.Groundsforcancellation.Anyperson,whobelievesthatheisorwillbedamagedbytheregistration
ofamarkortradename,may,uponthepaymentoftheprescribedfee,applytocancelsaidregistrationuponanyof
thefollowinggrounds:

(a)Thattheregisteredmarkortradenamebecomesthecommondescriptivenameofanarticleorsubstance
onwhichthepatenthasexpired

(b)Thatithasbeenabandoned

(c) That the registration was obtained fraudulently or contrary to the provisions of section four, Chapter II
hereof

(d)Thattheregisteredmarkortradenamehasbeenassigned,andisbeingusedby,orwiththepermission
of,theassigneesoastomisrepresentthesourceofthegoods,businessorservicesinconnectionwithwhich
themarkortradenameisusedor

(e)ThatcancellationisauthorizedbyotherprovisionsofthisAct.

Section18.Requirementsofpetitionnoticeandhearing.Insofarasapplicable,thepetitionhereinshallbein
thesameformasthatprovidedinsectioneight,ChapterIIhereof,andnoticeandhearingshallbeasprovidedin
sectionnine,ChapterIIhereof.

Section19.Cancellationofregistration.IftheDirectorfindsthatacaseforcancellationhasbeenmadeouthe
shallorderthecancellationoftheregistration.Theordershallnotbecomeeffectiveuntiltheperiodforappealhas

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elapsed,orifappealistaken,untilthejudgmentonappealbecomesfinal.Whentheorderorjudgmentbecomes
final,anyrightconferredbysuchregistrationupontheregistrantoranypersonininterestofrecordshallterminate.
NoticeofcancellationshallbepublishedintheOfficialGazette.

CHAPTERVRightsandRemedies

Section20.Certificateofregistrationprimafacieevidenceofvalidity.Acertificateofregistrationofamarkor
tradenameshallbeprimafacieevidenceofthevalidityoftheregistration,theregistrant'sownershipofthemarkor
tradename, and of the registrant's exclusive right to use the same in connection with the goods, business or
servicesspecifiedinthecertificate,subjecttoanyconditionsandlimitationsstatedtherein.

Section21.Requirements of notice of registration of trademark. The registrant of a trademark, heretofore

registeredorregisteredundertheprovisionsofthisAct,shallgivenoticethathismarkisregisteredbydisplaying
withthesameasusedthewords"RegisteredinthePhilippinesPatentOffice"or"Reg.Phil.Pat.Off."andinany
suitforinfringementunderthisActbyaregistrantfailingsotomarkthegoodsbearingtheregisteredtrademark,no
damages shall be recovered under the provisions of this Act unless the defendant has actual notice of the
registration.

Section22.Infringement,whatconstitutes.Anypersonwhoshalluse,withouttheconsentoftheregistrant,any
reproduction, counterfeit, copy or colorable imitation of any registered mark or tradename in connection with the
sale,offeringforsale,oradvertisingofanygoods,businessorservicesonorinconnectionwithwhichsuchuseis
likelytocauseconfusionormistakeortodeceivepurchasersorothersastothesourceororiginofsuchgoodsor
services,oridentityofsuchbusinessorreproduce,counterfeit,copyorcolorablyimitateanysuchmarkortrade
name and apply such reproduction, counterfeit, copy, or colorable imitation to labels, signs, prints, packages,
wrappers,receptaclesoradvertisementsintendedtobeuseduponorinconnectionwithsuchgoods,businessor
services,shallbeliabletoacivilactionbytheregistrantforanyoralloftheremedieshereinprovided.

Section23.Actions,anddamagesandinjunctionforinfringement.Anypersonentitledtotheexclusiveuseof
a registered mark or tradename may recover damages in a civil action from any person who infringes his rights,
andthemeasureofthedamagessufferedshallbeeitherthereasonableprofitwhichthecomplainingpartywould
havemade,hadthedefendantnotinfringedhissaidrights,ortheprofitwhichthedefendantactuallymadeoutof
theinfringement,orintheeventsuchmeasureofdamagescannotbereadilyascertainedwithreasonablecertainty,
then the court may award as damages a reasonable percentage based upon the amount of gross sales of the
defendantofthevalueoftheservicesinconnectionwithwhichthemarkortradenamewasusedintheinfringement
of the rights of the complaining party. In cases where actual intent to mislead the public or to defraud the
complainingpartyshallbeshown,inthediscretionofthecourt,thedamagesmaybedoubled.

Thecomplainingparty,uponpropershowing,mayalsobegrantedinjunction.

Section24.Powerofcourttoorderinfringingmaterialdestroyed.InanyactionarisingunderthisAct,inwhich
aviolationofanyrightoftheregistrantshallhavebeenestablished,thecourtmayorderthatalllabels,sign,prints,
packages, wrappers, receptacles and advertisements in the possession of the defendant, bearing the registered
mark or tradename or any reproduction, counterfeit, copy or colorable imitation thereof, and all plates, molds,
matricesandothermeansofmakingthesame,shallbedeliveredupanddestroyed.

Section25.Authoritytodeterminerighttoregistration.Inanyactioninvolvingaregisteredmarkortradename
thecourtmaydeterminetherighttoregistration,orderthecancellationofregistrations,inwholeorinpart,restore
cancelled registration, and otherwise rectify the register with respect to the registration of any party to the action.
Judgments and orders shall be certified by the court to the Director, who shall make appropriate entry upon the
recordsofthePatentOffice,andshallbecontrolledthereby.

Section26.Actionforfalseorfraudulentdeclaration.AnypersonwhoshallprocureregistrationinthePatent
Officeofamarkortradenamebyafalseorfraudulentdeclarationorrepresentation,oralorinwriting,orbyany
false means, shall be liable in a civil action by any person injured thereby for any damages sustained in
consequencethereof.

Section 27. Jurisdiction of Court of First Instance. All actions under this Chapter and Chapters VI and VII
hereofshallbebroughtbeforetheproperCourtofFirstInstance.

Section28.Appeal.AppealmaybetakenfromanyjudgmentorfinalorderoftheCourtofFirstInstanceinthe
samemannerasinotheractions.

CHAPTERVIUnfairCompetition

Section29.Unfaircompetition,rightsandremedies.Apersonwhohasidentifiedinthemindofthepublicthe
goodshemanufacturesordealsin,hisbusinessorservicesfromthoseofothers,whetherornotamarkortrade
nameisemployed,hasapropertyrightinthegoodwillofthesaidgoods,businessorservicessoidentified,which
willbeprotectedinthesamemannerasotherpropertyrights.Suchapersonshallhavetheremediesprovidedin
sectiontwentythree,ChapterVhereof.

Anypersonwhoshallemploydeceptionoranyothermeanscontrarytogoodfaithbywhichheshallpassoffthe
goods manufactured by him or in which he deals, or his business, or services for those of the one having
establishedsuchgoodwill,orwhoshallcommitanyactscalculatedtoproducesaidresult,shallbeguiltyofunfair
competition,andshallbesubjecttoanactiontherefor.

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Inparticular,andwithoutinanywaylimitingthescopeofunfaircompetition,thefollowingshallbedeemedguiltyof
unfaircompetition:

(a) Any person, who in selling his goods shall give them the general appearance of goods of another
manufacturerordealer,eitherastothegoodsthemselvesorinthewrappingofthepackagesinwhichthey
arecontained,orthedevicesorwordsthereon,orinanyotherfeatureoftheirappearance,whichwouldbe
likely to influence purchasers to believe that the goods offered are those of a manufacturer or dealer other
than the actual manufacturer or dealer, or who otherwise clothes the goods with such appearance as shall
deceivethepublicanddefraudanotherofhislegitimatetrade,oranysubsequentvendorofsuchgoodsor
anyagentofanyvendorengagedinsellingsuchgoodswithalikepurpose

(b)Anypersonwhobyanyartifice,ordevice,orwhoemploysanyothermeanscalculatedtoinducethefalse
beliefthatsuchpersonisofferingtheservicesofanotherwhohasidentifiedsuchservicesinthemindofthe
public

(c)Anypersonwhoshallmakeanyfalsestatementinthecourseoftradeorwhoshallcommitanyotheract
contrarytogoodfaithofanaturecalculatedtodiscreditthegoods,businessorservicesofanother.

CHAPTERVIIFalseDesignationofOriginandFalseDescription

Section30.False designation of origin and false description forbidden. Any person who shall affix, apply,
annexoruseinconnectionwithanygoodsorservices,oranycontainerorcontainersforgoods,afalsedesignation
oforigin,oranyfalsedescriptionorrepresentation,includingwordsorothersymbolstendingfalselytodescribeor
representthesame,andshallcausesuchgoodsorservicestoenterintocommerce,andanypersonwhoshallwith
knowledgeofthefalsityofsuchdesignationoforiginordescriptionorrepresentationcauseorprocurethesameto
enter into commerce, shall be liable to a civil action for damages and injunction provided in section twentythree,
ChapterVhereof,byanypersondoingbusinessinthelocalityfalselyindicatedasthatoforiginorintheregionin
whichsaidlocalityissituated,orbyanypersonwhobelievesthatheisorislikelytobedamagedbytheuseofany
suchfalsedescriptionorrepresentation.

CHAPTERVIIIAssignmentandTransmissionofRights

Section31. Rights assignable and form of assignment. A registered mark or tradename, or one for which
application to register has been filed shall be assignable with the goodwill of the business in which the mark or
tradenameisused,orwiththatpartofthegoodwillofthebusinessconnectedwiththeuseofandsymbolizedby
the mark or tradename, and in any such assignment it shall not be necessary to include the goodwill of the
businessconnectedwiththeuseofandsymbolizedbyanyothermarkortradenameusedinthebusinessorbythe
nameorstyleunderwhichthebusinessisconducted.Uponpaymentoftherequiredfee,theDirectorshallrecord
assignmentsindueforminbookskeptforthatpurpose.

The assignment must be in writing, acknowledged before a notary public or other officer authorized to administer
oathsorperformothernotarialactsandcertifiedunderthehandandofficialsealofthenotaryorotherofficer.

An assignment shall be void as against any subsequent purchaser for a valuable consideration without notice,
unless it is recorded in the Patent Office within three months after the date thereof or prior to such subsequent
purchase.

Section32.Issuanceofcertificateofregistrationtoassignee.Acertificateofregistrationofamarkortrade
namemaybeissuedtotheassigneeoftheapplicant,buttheassignmentmustfirstberecordedinthePatentOffice.
In case of change of ownership the Director shall, at the request of the owner and upon proper showing and
paymentoftherequiredfee,issuetosuchassigneeanewcertificateofregistrationofthesaidmarkortradename
inthenameofsuchassignee,andfortheunexpiredpartoftheoriginalperiod.

CHAPTERIXReviewofOrdersorDecisionsofDirector

Section33.Appeal from action of Director. Any party who has been denied registration of a mark or trade
name,ortotherenewaloftheregistration,ortoanycancellationproceedinginthePatentOffice,mayappealtothe
SupremeCourtfromthefinalorderordecisionoftheDirector.

Section34.Procedureonappeal.Sectionssixtythreetoseventythree,inclusive,ChapterVIII,ofRepublicAct
No. _____ entitled "An Act creating a Patent Office, prescribing its powers and duties, regulating the issuance of
patents,andappropriatingfundstherefor,"shallbeapplicabletotheappealshereinprovided.

CHAPTERXImportationsProhibited

Section35.Goodsbearinginfringingmarksortradenames.Noarticleofimportedmerchandisewhichshall
copyorsimulatethenameofanydomesticproduct,ormanufacturer,ordealer,orofanymanufacturerordealer
located in any foreign country which, by treaty, convention or law affords similar privileges to citizens of the
Philippines,orwhichshallcopyorsimulateamarkortradenameregisteredinaccordancewiththeprovisionsof
thisAct,orshallbearamarkortradenamecalculatedtoinducethepublictobelievethatthearticleismanufactured
inthePhilippines,orthatitismanufacturedinanyforeigncountryorlocalityotherthanthecountryorlocalitywhere
it is in fact manufactured, shall be admitted to entry at any customhouse of the Philippines. In order to aid the
officersofthecustomsserviceinenforcingthisprohibition,anypersonwhoisentitledtothebenefitsofthisAct,may
requirehisnameandresidence,andthenameofthelocalityinwhichhisgoodsaremanufactured,acopyofthe

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certificateofregistrationofhismarkortradenametoberecordedinbookswhichshallbekeptforthispurposein
theBureauofCustoms,undersuchregulationsastheCollectorofCustomswiththeapprovaloftheSecretaryof
Financeshallprescribe,andmayfurnishtothesaidBureaufacsimilesofhisname,thenameofthelocalityinwhich
hisgoodsaremanufactured,orofhisregisteredmarkortradename,andthereupontheCollectorofCustomsshall
causeoneormorecopiesofthesametobetransmittedtoeachcollectororotherproperofficeroftheBureauof
Customs.

Section36.Goods with false designation of origin and false description. Any goods marked or labeled in
contravention of the provisions of section thirty, Chapter VII hereof, shall not be imported into the Philippines or
admittedtoentryatanycustomhouseinthePhilippines.

CHAPTERXIProvisionsinReferencetoForeignIndustrialProperty

Section37.Rights of foreign registrants. Persons who are nationals of, domiciled in, or have a bona fide or
effective business or commercial establishment in any foreign country, which is a party to any international
convention or treaty relating to marks or tradenames, or the repression of unfair competition to which the
Philippinesmaybeaparty,shallbeentitledtothebenefitsandsubjecttotheprovisionsofthisActtotheextentand
under the conditions essential to give effect to any such convention and treaties so long as the Philippines shall
continuetobeapartythereto,exceptasprovidedinthefollowingparagraphsofthissection.

NoregistrationofamarkortradenameinthePhilippinesbyapersondescribedintheprecedingparagraphofthis
sectionshallbegranteduntilsuchmarkortradenamehasbeenregisteredinthecountryoforiginoftheapplicant,
unlesstheapplicantallegesuseincommerce.

Forthepurposesofthissection,thecountryoforiginoftheapplicantisthecountryinwhichhehasbonafideand
effectiveindustrialorcommercialestablishment,orifhehasnotsuchanestablishmentinthecountryinwhichheis
domiciled, or if he has not a domicile in any of the countries described in the first paragraph of this section, the
countryofwhichheisanational.

AnapplicationforregistrationofamarkortradenameundertheprovisionsofthisActfiledbyapersondescribedin
thefirstparagraphofthissectionwhohaspreviouslydulyfiledanapplicationforregistrationofthesamemarkor
tradename in one of the countries described in said paragraph shall be accorded the same force and effect as
wouldbeaccordedtothesameapplicationiffiledinthePhilippinesonthesamedateonwhichtheapplicationwas
firstfiledinsuchforeigncountry:Provided,That

(a)TheapplicationinthePhilippinesisfiledwithinsixmonthsfromthedateonwhichtheapplicantwasfirst
filedintheforeigncountryandwithinthreemonthsfromthedateoffilingorwithinsuchtimeastheDirector
shallinhisdiscretiongrant,theapplicantshallfurnishacertifiedcopyoftheapplicationfororregistrationin
the country of origin of the applicant, together with a translation thereof into English, if not in the English
language

(b) The application conforms as nearly as practicable to the requirements of this Act, but use in commerce
neednotbealleged

(c)Therightsacquiredbythirdpartiesbeforethedateofthefilingofthefirstapplicationintheforeigncountry
shallinnowaybeaffectedbyaregistrationobtainedonanapplicationfiledunderthisparagraphand

(d)Nothinginthisparagraphshallentitletheownerofaregistrationgrantedunderthissectiontosueforacts
committed prior to the date on which his mark or tradename was registered in this country unless the
registrationisbasedonuseincommerce.

Theregistrationofamarkundertheprovisionsofthissectionshallbeindependentoftheregistrationinthecountry
of origin and the duration, validity or transfer in the Philippines of such registration shall be governed by the
provisionsofthisAct.

Tradenamesofpersonsdescribedinthefirstparagraphofthissectionshallbeprotectedwithouttheobligationof
filingorregistrationwhetherornottheyformpartsofmarks.

Anypersondesignatedinthefirstparagraphofthissectionasentitledtothebenefitsandsubjecttotheprovisions
ofthisActshallbeentitledtoeffectiveprotectionagainstunfaircompetition,andtheremediesprovidedhereinfor
infringementofmarksandtradenamesshallbeavailablesofarastheymaybeappropriateinrepressingactsof
unfaircompetition.

Citizens or residents of the Philippines shall have the same benefits as are granted by this section to persons
describedinthefirstparagraphhereof.

CHAPTERXIIConstructionandDefinitions

Section 38. Words and terms defined and construed. In the construction of this Act, unless the contrary is
plainlyapparentfromthecontext

Theterm"tradename"includesindividualnamesandsurnames,firmnames,tradenames,devicesorwordsused
by manufacturers, industrialists, merchants, agriculturists, and others to identify their business, vocations or
occupations the names or titles lawfully adopted and used by natural or juridical persons, unions, and any

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manufacturing,industrial,commercial,agriculturalorotherorganizationsengagedintradeorcommerce.

The term "trademark" includes any word, name, symbol, emblem, sign or device or any combination thereof
adopted and used by a manufacturer or merchant to identify his goods and distinguish them from those
manufactured,soldordealtinbyothers.

The term "servicemark" means a mark used in the sale or advertising of services to identify the services of one
personanddistinguishthemfromtheservicesofothersandincludeswithoutlimitationthemarks,names,symbols,
titles,designations,slogans,characternames,anddistinctivefeaturesofradioorotheradvertising.

Theword"business"includesvocationsoroccupations.

Theterm"mark"includesanytrademarkorservicemarkentitledtoregistrationunderthisActwhetherregisteredor
not.

Theword"registrant"includestheownerofaregisteredmarkortradename.

Section39.Fees.Thefollowingfeesshallbepaid:

Forfilingapplicationforregistrationforeachclassincludedintheapplication,fiftypesos

Forfilingapplicationforrevivalofabandonedapplicationforregistration,twentyfivepesos

ForpublicationintheOfficialGazetteofallowanceofapplication,fiftypesos

Forfilingofopposition,fiftypesos

Forissuanceandpublicationofcertificateofregistration,twentyfivepesos

Forfilingeachaffidavitrequiredbysectiontwelve,ChapterIIhereof,twentyfivepesos

Forfilingdisclaimer,amendment,surrenderorcancellationafterregistration,twentypesos

Forissuanceofasubstitutecertificateofregistrationfollowingcorrectionofaregistrant'smistake,twentyfive
pesos

Forissuanceofanewcertificateofregistrationfollowingchangeofownershipofmark,twentyfivepesos

Forfilingpetitionforrenewalofcertificateofregistrationforeachclass,fiftypesos

Forfilingpetitionforcancellation,fiftypesos

Forsurchargeforanydelayedpaymentoranydelayedactionofanapplicantorregistrant,twentyfivepesos

FornoticeofappealfromordersordecisionsofCommissioner,twentyfivepesos

Forrecordingassignmentsforeachmarkortradename,tenpesos

For issuance of a certificate regarding the registration or nonregistration of each mark or tradename, ten
pesos

Forissuanceofanaffirmativeornegativecertificateregardingtheregistrationofanydocumentinconnection,
withamarkortradename,tenpesos

Forfilinganyotherdocumentsinconnectionwithmarksortradenamesnotrequiredbylawtobefiled,ten
pesos

Forcertifyingacopytobeatrueandexactcopy,onepeso

Forcopiesofrecords,twopesosperphotostatsheetonepesoperonehundredwordsoftypewrittencopy
and

Forservicesnototherwisespecified,theDirectorshall,byregulation,providethefeestherefor.

Section 40. Collective marks and collective tradenames. Collective marks and collective tradenames
belongingtocooperatives,associationsorothercollectivegroupsororganizationmayalsoberegisteredunderthe
provisionsofthisAct,eventhoughthesaidcollectivitiesmaynotpossessanindustrial,commercialoragricultural
establishment. Foreign collectivities may not, however, procure such registration if the existence of such
collectivitiesiscontrarytothelawsofthecountryoforigin.

Such collective marks and collective tradenames, when registered, shall be entitled to the protection provided
hereininthecaseofmarksandtradenames,exceptwhenusedsoastorepresentfalselythattheownerorauser
makesorsellsthegoodsonwhichthemarkortradenameisused,orsoastorepresentfalselytheoriginofthe
goodsorservices.

The other provisions of this Act relating to marks and tradenames shall apply to collective marks and collective
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tradenames, except that the part of paragraph (e), section four, Chapter II hereof, relating to geographically
descriptivemarksortradenamesshallnotbeapplicableinappropriatecases.

A "collective mark" or collective tradename" is a mark or tradename used by the members of a cooperative, an
associationorothercollectivegroupororganization.

CHAPTERXIVMiscellaneousProvisions

Section41.Reservationinfavorofpriorregistration. Owners of marks or tradenames registered under the

provisions of the laws in force prior hereto, the registrations of which are still subsisting under the said laws are
herebygrantedtheright:

(a)WithinoneyearafterthetakingeffectofthisActtosurrendertheircertificatesofregistrationandprocure
the issuance of new certificates, in which event they shall be entitled to the benefits and subject to the
provisionsofthisActor

(b)Withinoneyearbeforetheexpirationoftheperiodforwhichthecertificatesofregistrationwasissuedor
renewed,theregistrantmayrenewtheregistrationuponfilinganapplicationtherefor,asprovidedinsection
fifteen,ChapterIIIhereof.IfsaidapplicationisgrantedarenewalcertificateshallbeissuedbytheDirectorin
accordancewiththeprovisionsofthisAct.

Section42.Renewalofregistrationswhichexpiredduringthewar.TheprovisionsofthisActtothecontrary
notwithstanding, registrations under prior laws which expired after the eighth day of December, nineteen hundred
fortyone,andwhichtheownerswerenotabletorenewforcausesarisingoutofthewar,mayberenewedwithin
one year after this Act takes effect, and nonuse of the mark or tradename may be shown to be due to special
circumstances. If the application for renewal is granted, a renewal certificate to commence from the date of the
expirationofthepriorregistrationshallbeissuedbytheDirectorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthisAct.

Section43.Pendingapplications.AllapplicationsforregistrationpendingontheeffectivedateofthisActmay
beamended,ifpracticable,tobringthemundertheprovisionsofthisAct,withoutthepaymentofanyadditionalfee.
Theprosecutionofsuchapplicationswhetheramendedornotandthegrantofregistrationsthereonshallconformto
theprovisionsofthisAct.

Section44.Repealingclause.ActNumberedSixhundredandsixtysixofthePhilippineCommission,approved
Marchsix,nineteenhundredandthree,andalllawsamendatorytheretoActNumberedThirtyhundredandseventy
ofthePhilippineLegislature,approvedMarchsixteen,nineteenhundredandtwentythreeActNumberedThirtytwo
hundredandtwo,approvedDecemberthree,nineteenhundredandtwentyfour,andallotheracts,orpartsofacts
inconsistentherewith,areherebyrepealed.

Section45.Effectivedate.ThisActshalltakeeffectonitsapproval.

Approved:June20,1947

TheLawphilProjectArellanoLawFoundation

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