1

Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

MALABON NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

The Utilization of Narra (Pterocarpus indicus)

Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves
extract and Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis)
as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler.

RESEARCHERS

Baysa, Kazzandra Ysabel Reyes

Sablay, James Dela Cruz
Villaluna, Nicus Charles Sanchez

Myla D. German
Project Adviser

Physical Team Category

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Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

ABSTRACT
There are wood fillers that are commercially available, but its commonly expensive. This

study examined the effect of different concentrations of Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) latex, and

Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) leaves extract, dried leaves of bay (Laurus nobilis) as a component

of biopesticide wood filler. Its aim was to produce a filler that is affordable, less toxic, can

prevent swelling when submerged to both tap and salt water, can be covered by stain and can

hold screws for long periods of time. Experiments were conducted using two different kinds of

wood with different proportions of Narra latex, Kakawate leaves extract, and dried leaves of bay.

There were three tests conducted, the water absorption, screw holding and the stainability test. In

each test five concentrations were used to test two different kinds of woods, Coconut lumber and

Palochina. Each test that was made had three trials. A percentage increase in various mechanical

propertied of the treated replicates to the control was observed. Using the Software Package for

Statistical Analysis (SPSS) in computing the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) the resulting level

of significance shows that there is 95.8% efficacy for water absorption using salt water in the

means of concentration, 94.4% efficacy for water absorption using salt water in the means of the

wood. 86.7% efficacy for water absorption using tap water in the means of the concentration and

94.1% efficacy for the water absorption in terms of the wood. 96.8%efficacy for screw holding

test. The researchers also concluded that concentration A (75% wood glue, 25% Narra latex,

75% sawdust, 25% dried leaves of bay) yielded the best result for the water absorption test, the

control group (no applied concentration) gives the most favorable result for the screw holding

and concentration B (50% wood glue, 50% Narra latex, 50% sawdust, 50% dried leaves of bay)

gives the most favorable result for the stain ability test.
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Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Wood has been one of the mans most important and most common construction material
since the beginning of time. For countless centuries, wood has been used for house foundations,
furniture, shelves, and the like. Today there is a need to look for materials that can reinforce
wood structures in order to shun severe destruction caused by a natural event or small organisms
called pests. Wood is very sensitive to pests, specifically, termites are very attracted to water
damaged wood. Termites seek out cellulose, the most abundant organic compound originated in
nature. Termites nourish on plants, plant byproducts, paper products cotton fibers and of course,
wood.

The Philippines however, is prone to floods and monsoon rains that can cause the wood
to easily disintegrate. One of the cities in Metro Manila is Malabon City that experiences
perennial floods. Most places in the area are below sea level that caused the flood to stay for an
extended time before subsiding. There are houses in Malabon that are made of woods and even
furniture.

Fungi, moisture, and insects can also damage the wood. It is the reason why wood filler
should always be available not only to repair but also to make the wood last longer.

The ultimate purpose of this study is to come up with quality wood filler that will be able
to repair wood and will also act as a biological pesticide which will free the wood from pests
such as termites, bugs, and the like.

RATIONALE

To prevent the use of excess woods, repair is important .Especially for the woods used in

house constructions and in making furniture, extending the shelf life and maintaining the value

of the wood and in some way may reduce deforestation. At present, there are commercially

available wood filler. However, some known wood filler are expensive and might contains

harmful chemicals.
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Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

This study will be conducted on Malabon City which is prone to several floods. Frequent

high tide and rains can cause the houses made of woods and furniture to submerge and decay

easily. Pests such as ants, termites, and cockroaches can also degrade the quality of woods and/or

furniture in most residential areas.

These are the reasons the researchers conducted this study. Their aim is to come up with a

biopesticide wood filler that can make the wood protected from pests, that can prevent it to

easily disintegrate due to long exposure to floodwater, and that is not harmful and affordable.

The researchers will utilize Kakawate leaves extract, dried leaves of Bay, and Narra tree latex to

make a biopesticide wood filler and test the woods for its, water absorption, screw holding and

stainability tests. The Kakawate leaves extract, dried leaves of Bay, and Narra tree latex were

chosen because of the following reasons: 1) Its availability; 2) It contains pesticidal properties;

3) Most of these plants doesn't need to be bought.

The research will be advantageous for it provides less toxic and cheap biopesticide wood

filler. Woods that will be treated with this product can be less absorbent, can prolong the wood

shelf life and free from pests. This can make the woods last longer. It can also prevent the

frequent use of woods and most likely reduce the deforestation.

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Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The main purpose of this study is to utilize Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) latex, and

Kakawate (Gliricidia Sepium) leaves extract dried leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis)as a component

of Biopesticide wood filler.

Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions:

1. What concentration of Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) latex, and Kakawate (Gliricidia

Sepium) leaves extract, and dried leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) gives the favorable result

in the water absorption test, stain ability test and screw holding test?

1.1 25% Narra latex 75% wood glue, 75% saw dust and 25% dried leaves of

Bay concentration

1.2 50% Narra latex 50% wood glue, 50% saw dust and 50% dried leaves of

Bay concentration

1.3 75% Narra latex 25% wood glue, 25% saw dust and 75% dried leaves of

Bay concentration

1.4 100% Narra latex and 100% dried leaves of Bay concentration

2. What concentration of Narra (Pterocarpus indicus). latex, kakawate (Gliricidia

maculate) leaves extract and dried leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) yielded the best result

in water absorption test, stain ability test and screw holding test of the wood in terms of

Coconut Lumber and Palochina wood?

3. What is the weight difference of the experimental groups in terms of water absorption test

of the wood, both tap and salt as compared to the control?

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Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

4. Is there a substantial difference in the water absorption of the treated replicates to the

control?

5. Is there a substantial difference in the stain ability of the treated replicates to the control?

6. Is there a substantial difference in the screw holding test of the treated replicates to the

control?

HYPOTHESIS

ALTERNATIVE

1. One of the concentrations of Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia

Sepium) Leaves extract and dried leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) gives a favorable effect

on the water absorption test, stain ability test and screw holding test.
2. One of the concentration of Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia

Sepium) Leaves extract and dried leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) yielded the best result in

the wood in terms of water absorption test, stain ability test and screw holding test in

Coconut lumber wood.

3. One of the concentration of Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia

sepium) Leaves extract and dried leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) yielded the best result in

the wood in terms of water absorption test, both tap and salt.
4. There is a substantial difference in the water absorption of the treated replicates to the

control.

5. There is a substantial difference in the stain ability of the treated replicates to the control.

6. There is a substantial difference in the screw holding test of the treated replicates to the

control.
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Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

NULL

1. There is no significant difference in the mechanical properties of the treated replicates to

the control.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study aims to make an affordable and readily available biological pesticide wood

filler for making the wood last longer. It is also for keeping the wood free of pests such as

termites and bugs. It is highly needed nowadays since the Philippines is prone to floods and

monsoon rains that cause the wood to easily disintegrate. Since durable types of wood are in

demand together with modernization, it is important that woods have longer shelf life. Pests and

natural disasters make the wood vulnerable to decay, by the use of a biological pesticide wood

filler, will prolong its consumption. It will keep the wood free of ruptures, more durable and will

make its shelf life longer.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATIONS

The findings of this study will redound to the benefit of the society remembering that

nowadays the Philippines is susceptible to floods and monsoon rains that cause the wood to

simply disintegrate. The anti-fungal property of Kakawate , anti-pest property of bay leaf and

anti-termite property of Narra are not experimented but only based on literature studies.

Kakawate and Narra latex were taken from the Malabon National High School Herbal Garden.

Dried bay leaf leaves was bought at Hulong Duhat market. The wood that were used for this

study are palochina and coconut lumber and was bought from the wood hardware near Malabon

City and Valennzuela City. The tests administered on woods are stainability test, water

absorption test, and screw holding test. The test on water absorption, stainability test, and screw
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Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

holding test was conducted in the Chemistry laboratory of Malabon National High School. The

researchers utilized the Software Package for Statistical Analysis (SPSS) to compute for the

analysis of variance, but the researchers are the one who arranged, examined and interpreted the

results with the support of the trainer.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

WHAT IS WOOD FILLER?

According to Kitchen Cabinet Kings, wood filler is used to repair holes in wood through

creating smooth surfaces. The holes will be filled in with wood filler and can result to something

as minuscule as the grain. In such cases, wood filler is used to smooth the surface of a wide grain

wood to ensure even absorption of stain and finish. Wood fillers are composed of a binding agent

and a filling substance.

WHAT IS BIOPESTICIDES WOOD FILLER?

Biopesticides are certain types of pesticides derived from such natural materials as animals,

plants, bacteria, and certain minerals. Biopesticides are usually inherently less toxic than

conventional pesticides. Biopesticides generally affect only the target pest and closely related

organisms, in contrast to broad spectrum, conventional pesticides that may affect organisms as

different as birds, insects, and mammals.

On the other hand, wood filler is water-based. It is made from clay, latex, lacquer,

polyurethane, or epoxy, and they are similar in texture. To achieve a look thats very similar to

wood, you can mix it with sawdust or dye in the same color as the item you are mending. Wood

filler is rather easy to apply and dries up about 10 minutes after application. The advantages of
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Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

wood filler are many. It can be easily mixed with coloring pigments and additives to improve

texture. It allows you to finish the job faster and can be easily cleaned.

In this study Biopesticide, wood filler refers to the wood filler that also acts as biopesticide

made from Narra latex, dried leaves bay leaf and kakawate leaves extract.

WHY USE NARRA LATEX AS A COMPONENT OF BIOPESTICIDE WOOD FILLER?

Latex is a sticky, milky colloid drawn off by making incisions into the bark and collecting

the fluid in vessels in a process called "tapping". It can be used as a binder or glue. One of the

trees that contain latex is Narra. Narra is a big tree growing to 33 meters in height and two

meters diameter. The trunks are usually fluted and buttressed to seven meters diameter at the

base. Narra bears many long branches that are at first ascending, but eventually arching over and

sometimes drooping at the ends.

WHY USE KAKAWATE LEAVES EXTRACT AS A COMPONENT OF BIOPESTICIDE

WOOD FILLER?

The name "gliricidia" derives from the Lain 'glis' (dormouse) and caedere (to kill). The

Spanish name "mata-raton" refers to the tree's rodenticidal properties. Kakawati is a smooth,

deciduous tree, 3 to 10 meters high. Leaves are 15 to 25 centimeters long with 13 leaflets which

are opposite, oblong-ovate, 4 to 6 centimeters long, with a pointed tip and rounded base.

Racemes are numerous on leafless branches, containing many flowers. Flowers are pink, 2

centimeters long, with a truncate calyx. The standard is reflexed and pale-yellow in the median

part. The pods are narrowly oblong to oblanceolate, 10 to 14 centimeters long, about 2

centimeters wide, containing 6 to 8 seeds. There is some evidence to suggest G. sepium can
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Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

protect some crops from fungal, insect or viral attack directly or by acting as a diversionary host

plant for pets. Studies have also suggested G. sepium mulch has a fungicidal effect

WHY USE BAY LEAF DRIED LEAVES AS A COMPONENT OF BIOPESTICIDE

WOOD FILLER?

Bay leaves are leathery, short-stemmed and dry. They have a strong odor and a bitter taste.

Bay leaves contain essential oils and a compound called Eucalyptol. According to a research

conducted by Kansas State University, this compound is effective in eliminating bugs from the

kitchen and repelling cockroaches.

Bay leaves scent will drive bugs crazy and keep them far away from your pantry. Bay leaves are

the gentler and more natural way of keeping insects at bay, it is like the known Boric acid that

kills roaches. In this study bay leaf has two purposes first as a filler and second as a biopesticide.

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

KAKAWATE

It has been used to control termite damage in Sri Lanka and stem-borer damage to rice in the

Philippines. In India, the tree was found to have a positive effect on the transmission of aphids

(Aphis craccivora) causing rosette disease in groundnuts. As insect repellent in Latin American,

used by farmers to repel insects. Leaves are ground up, mixed with water, and the resulting paste

uses to bathe animals, and repeated every 7 to 14 days, decreasing the infections from tropical

warble fly.( Amuwitagama.2002)

NARRA
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Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

A study was undertaken to evaluate the feasibility of using wood extractives as a

preservative treatment for wood to inhibit subterranean termite activity. The heartwood of

Pterocarpus indicus Willd and Palaquiui-n gutta Baill was extracted with acetone and both

extracts was then successively ractionated into n-hexane, ethyl ether and ethyl acetate soluble

fractions. The antitermitic properties of each fractions with oncentration of 2%,4%, 6%, 8% and

10% (w/w, bait) were tested on subterranean termite Coptotennes cuwignathus Holmgren using

Steller and Labosky (1982) standar method. The results of the extract shows that the n-hexane

extract from P. indicus and ethyl ether extract from P. gutta showed has more active inhibition

effect on the activities of C. curnignatlzus Holmgren. Two percent of the n-hexane extract and

ethyl ether extract cellulose pad diffusion shows the minimum inhibitory concentration of

fractions xtract. Additional studies are needed to isolate and identify the antitermitic compound

(bioactive compounds).(Brata T. et al. 1999)

BAYLEAF

Laurus nobilis essential oils from Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco were analyzed for their

chemical composition and assessed for their repellent and toxic activities against two major

stored product pests: Rhyzopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum. The three oils showed

quantitative rather than qualitative differences in their chemical compositions. 1,8-cineole,

linalool and isovaleraldehyde, were identified as the major common compounds whereas, -

pinene, -terpineol, eugenylmethylether, -pinene, spathulenol and -myrcene were also well

represented in all three oils. Results showed that L. nobilis essential oils were repellant and toxic

to adults of R. dominica and T. castaneum. Repellent and fumigant toxicities were highly

dependent upon insect species and oil origin .( Jemaa J.M et al. 2012)
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Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

BINDER FILLER SOLVENT

Kakawate Lacquer
Concentration Wood glue Narra Latex Saw Dust Bay Leaf
Leaves extract Thinner
Control 46.6 g 0 18.4 g 0 0 0
A 34.75g 11.65 g 13.8 g 4.6 g 5 mL 10 mL
B 23.3 g 23.3g 9.2 g 9.2g 5 mL 10 mL
C 11.65g 34.75 g 4.6 g 13.8 g 5 mL 10 mL
D 0 46.6 g 0 18.4 g 5 mL 10 mL
Table 1. Proportion of components in each Concentration

Table 1 shows the different amount of components used in preparation of Biopesticide

Wood filler in different concentrations.It was made from three (3) main components the binder,

the filler and the solvent. It can be noticed that the amount of lacquer thinner (10 mL) and

kakawate leaves extract (5mL) used are the same in all concentrations except for the controlled

group. Woodlue and Narra latex represent the binder, the saw dust and bay leaf the filler and

kakawate since it is used as extract, it is also used as the solvent like lacquer thinner.

Concentration A contains 34.75 g of wood glue and 11.65 g Narra latex for the binder and 13.8 g

saw dust and 4.6 g dried leaves of bay for the filler. Concentration B is made of 23.3 g of wood

glue and 23, 3 g of Narra latex for the binder and 9.2 g of saw dust and 9.2 g of dried bay leaf for

the filler. Concentration C is made of 11.65 g of wood glue and 34.75 g Narra latex for the binder

and 4.6 g saw dust and 13.8 g dried bay leaf for the filler. And concentration D is made of 46.6 g

Narra latex and 18.4 g dried leaves of Bay. While the controlled group is made of 46.6 g of wood

glue and 18.4 g saw dust.

I. GATHERING OF MATERIALS
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Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

Narra latex is obtained from different trees in the area of Hulong Duhat, Malabon City

and around Malabon National High School. Kakawate leaves where collected from Malabon

National High School herbal garden. Coconut lumber and lacquer thinner, wood glue and screw

were bought from TQG Malabon hardware and Palochina was bought at Pine Wood Square the

Customizer at Malanday Valenzuela City. Other materials such as salt, bay leaf, were bought at

Hulong Duhat Market.

II. PREPARATION OF REPLICATES AND CONTROL

The researchers measured the coconut lumber and palochina. The dimension of 2 in x 2

in x 4in, with a holes drilled at the center of the wood with approximately one (1) centimeter

deep were made. Sixty (60) set ups per wood sample. A total of 120 set ups was made.

III. PREPARATION OF MIXTURES AND EXTRACTS

Alcohol extraction is used in preparing kakawate extract. Controlled group was made

using commercial wood glue measuring 46.6 g that is 100% for the binder. 18.4 g of saw dust

represent the 100% of standard filler no added solvent is added in the controlled group.

Kakawate extract is made of 5mL and 10mL lacquer thinner are constant components of the

solvent in different concentrations except for the controlled group. Concentration A is made up of

75% (34.75 g) wood glue, 25%(11.65 g) Narra latex, 75% (13.8 g) saw dust 25% (4.6 g) dried

bay leaf. Concentration B is made up of 50% (23.3 g) wood glue, 25% (23.3g) Narra latex, 50%

(9.2 g) saw dust and 50

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Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

%( 9.2g) dried bay leaf. Concentration C is made up of 25% (11.65g) wood glue, 75% (34.75 g)

Narra latex, 25% (4.6 g) saw dust and 25% (13.8 g) dried leaves of Bay. Concentration D is

made up of 100% Narra latex (46.6 g) and 100% dried leaves of Bay (18.4g).

IV. APPLICATION OF BIOPESTICIDE WOOD FILLER IN REPLICATES BEFORE

TESTING

Holes were drilled in each wood replicates that is about 1 centimeter deep before the

applications of biopesticides wood filler. Each with different concentrations where applied in the

replicate samples then saw dust was applied on top of the wood except for concentration D.

Using sand paper the wood with filler will be smoothened before testing. Thirty (30) out of one

hundred twenty (120) setups were planted with the screw with a size of about 2.5 centimeters

that is to be used for the screw holding test. Drying oven was used to dry all samples of wood

before testing.

V. TESTING

Three test were applied Water Absorption both tap water and salt water absorption are

used. Stainability test using dark mahogany varnish. And the screw holding test. In each test,

there were four concentrations included plus the controlled group. In each concentration, there

are two kinds of wood tested, Coconut lumber and Palochina. Each test that was made has three

replicates.

Sixty (60) setups with wood filler were weighed first before being tested for water

absorption. The volume of each replicate has also measured the length, width, and height. Tap

water absorption and salt water absorption was administered for 24 hours. Each has 1000ml as

the initial volume of water. After the water absorption test, the researchers weighed the wood,
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Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

measured the volume and compare it with the initial weight and volume. Physical observations

were also done to ensure that the wood filling still intact in the wood. The resulting volume of

water is also measured.

For stainability test, a semitransparent stain is used to produce a uniform finish that does not

fully obscure the grain or the texture of the wood. (ASTM Designation: D 6763 02 page 1) The

red mahogany varnish was used in staining each replicate with wood filler with different

concentrations. In each replicate 5 mL of dark mahogany, varnish was applied to each set up then

let them dry for thirty (30) minutes. Then second coating was done for each wood with another 5

mL of varnish. Then waited for the woods to dry for an hour. The visual comparison was done to

note color differences. Visual comparison of colors is fast and often acceptable although

numerical values are not obtained (ASTM Designation: D 6763 02 page 6) and visual

observations are also considered if the mark of the hole on the wood and the filler is still visible

after the applications of varnish .A survey method is applied here: Three expert in wood paint

varnish where asked to rate the woods in a scale of 1-6. The value 1-6 represents the Likerts

Scale for acceptability whereas 1 is totally unacceptable, 2 is unacceptable, 3 is slightly

unacceptable, 4 is slightly acceptable, 5 is acceptable, and 6 is perfectly acceptable.

For screw holding test, the researchers made used of a small screw measuring about 2.5

centimeters long and a weights measuring 500 g. Iron stand with ring was used to hang the wood

with screw. Then the 500g weights was tied on the screw and the researchers waited and

measured the time it takes before the screw withdraw from the wood.
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Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

VI. STATISTICAL TREATMENT

One way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) was the statistical test used in the Screw

Holding Test and Two way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) for the Water Absorption Test in this

research using SPSS (Software Package for Statistical Analysis) to interpret the numeric data

gathered.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Data are gathered to show the effectiveness out of Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) latex,

Kakawate (Gliricidia maculate) leaves extract and dried leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis)bas

component of Biopesticide Wood filler. The results were shown using tables and graphs.

Water Absorption Test

Coconut Lumber Palochina

(Weight (Weight Mean
Rank
Difference) Difference) (g)
(g) (g)
A (75% WG, 25% NL, 1
11.67 8.33 10
75% SD, 25% BL)
B(50% WG, 50% NL, 2
28.33 6.67 17.5
50% SD, 50% BL)
C(25% WG, 75% NL, 3
23.33 31.67 27.5
25% SD, 75% BL)
D(100% NL, 100% BL) 55.00 18.33 36.67 4
Control 90.00 11.67 50.84 5
Mean 41.67 15.34
Rank 2 1
I. Salt Water
Table 2. Summary of Water Absorption Test-Salt Water in Different Kind of Woods
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Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

Table 2 showed the summary of results of the water absorption test in salt water conducted on

each concentration in two different kind of woods. In terms of concentration of the filler,

Concentration A (75% wood glue, 25% Narra latex, 75% saw dust and 25% dried leaves of Bay)

got the least mean which of 10 that makes it first in rank, followed by Concentration B (50%

wood glue, 25% Narra latex, 50% saw dust and 50% dried leaves of Bay) with the mean of 17.5,

next is Concentration C (25% wood glue, 75% Narra latex, 25% saw dust and 25% dried leaves

of Bay) with the mean of 27.5, then Concentration D (100% Narra latex and 100% dried leaves

of Bay) with the mean of 36.67 and the controlled group ranked last with the mean of 50.84.

In terms of wood, Palochina ranked first with the mean of 15.34 and the least is the

Coconut Lumber with the mean of 41.67.

Graph 1. Summary of Water Absorption Test-Salt Water in Different Kind of Woods

100
90
80
70
60
50
Weight Change
40
30
20
10
0
Coco-Lumber Palochina

Concentration

A (75% WG, 25% NL, 75% SD, 25% BL) B(50% WG, 50% NL, 50% SD, 50% BL)
C(25% WG, 75% NL, 25% SD, 75% BL) D(100% NL, 100% BL)
Control
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Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

Table 3. Analysis of Variance for Water Absorption Test-Salt Water

Dependent Variable: Weight_Change

Type III Sum of
Source Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Corrected Model 3766.975a 2 1883.488 5.713 .034
Intercept 982.672 1 982.672 2.981 .128
Concentration 2033.539 1 2033.539 6.169 .042
Wood 1733.436 1 1733.436 5.258 .056
Error 2307.636 7 329.662
Total 14197.111 10
Corrected Total 6074.611 9
a. R Squared = .620 (Adjusted R Squared = .512)
Table 3 shows the result from the SPSS application. This table shows that there is a 0.042

significant difference in the water absorption test-salt water in the means of concentration and

0.056 significant difference in the means of wood.

Interpretation: There is 95.8% efficacy in the water absorption test-salt water in the means of
concentration and 94.4% efficacy in the means of wood.
II. Tap Water
Table 4. Summary of Water Absorption Test-Tap Water in Different Kind of Woods

Coconut Lumber Palochina

Mean
Kind of Wood (Weight Difference) (Weight Difference) Rank
(g)
(g) (g)
A (75% WG, 25% NL, 75%
26.67 20.00 23.33 1
SD, 25% BL)
B(50% WG, 50% NL, 50%
40.00 21.67 30.83 4
SD, 50% BL)
C(25% WG, 75% NL, 25%
40.00 15.00 27.50 2
SD, 75% BL)
D(100% NL, 100% BL) 26.67 31.67 29.17 3
Control 78.33 23.33 50.83 5
Mean 42.33 22.33
Rank 2 1
Table 4 showed the summary of results of the water absorption test in salt water conducted on

each concentration in two different kind of woods. In terms of concentration of the filler,
 19
Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

Concentration A (75% wood glue, 25% Narra latex, 75% saw dust and 25% dried leaves of Bay)

got the least mean which of 23.33 that makes it first in rank, followed by Concentration C (25%

wood glue, 75% Narra latex, 25% saw dust and 25% dried leaves of Bay) with the mean of 27.5,

next is Concentration D (100% Narra latex and 100% dried leaves of Bay) with the mean of

29.17, then Concentration B (50% wood glue, 25% Narra latex, 50% saw dust and 50% dried

leaves of Bay) with the mean of 30.83 and the controlled group ranked last with the mean of

50.83.

In terms of wood, Palochina ranked first with the mean of 22.33 and the least is the

Coconut Lumber with the mean of 42.33

90.00

80.00

70.00
A (75% WG, 25% NL, 75% SD, 25% BL) B(50% WG, 50% NL, 50% SD, 50% BL)
60.00

50.00
Weight Change
40.00
C(25% WG, 75% NL, 25% SD, 75% BL) D(100% NL, 100% BL)
30.00

20.00

10.00
Control
0.00
Coco-Lumber Palochina

Concentration

Graph 2. Summary of Water Absorption Test-Tap Water in Different Kind of Wood

Table 5. Analysis of Variance for Water Absorption Test-Tap Water

 20
Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

Type III Sum of

Source Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
Corrected Model 1568.711a 2 784.356 3.989 .070
Intercept 1480.739 1 1480.739 7.530 .029
Concentration 568.711 1 568.711 2.892 .133
Wood 1000.000 1 1000.000 5.086 .059
Error 1376.447 7 196.635
Total 13400.033 10
Corrected Total 2945.158 9
a. R Squared = .533 (Adjusted R Squared = .399)

Table 5 shows the result from the SPSS application. This table shows that there is a 0.133

significant difference in the water absorption test-tap water in terms of concentration and 0.059

in terms of wood.

Interpretation: there is a 86.7% efficacy in the water absorption test of tap water in terms of
concentration and 94.1% efficacy in terms of wood.

Screw Hold Test

Table 6. Summary of Screw Hold Test in Different Kind of Woods

Coconut Lumber
Palochina
(Time Mean
(Time Difference) Rank
Difference) (secs)
s
s
A (75% WG, 25% NL,
1.67 1.24 2
75% SD, 25% BL) 1.45
B(50% WG, 50% NL,
1.43 0.52 4
50% SD, 50% BL) 0.98
C(25% WG, 75% NL,
1.56 0.71 3
25% SD, 75% BL) 1.14
D(100% NL, 100% BL) 0.51 0.17 0.34 5
Control 2.45 2.54 2.49 1
Mean 1.52 1.04
Rank 1 2
Table 6 showed the summary of results of the screw hold test conducted on each concentration in

two different kind of woods. In terms of concentration of the filler, controlled group ranked first
 21
Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

since it got a mean of 2.49 which means it stayed longer than the others, followed by

Concentration A (75% wood glue, 25% Narra latex, 75% saw dust and 25% dried leaves of Bay)

with the mean of 1.45, then Concentration C (25% wood glue, 75% Narra latex, 25% saw dust

and 25% dried leaves of Bay) with the mean of 1.14, next is Concentration B (50% wood glue,

25% Narra latex, 50% saw dust and 50% dried leaves of Bay) with the mean of 0.98, and lastly

Concentration D (100% Narra latex and 100% dried leaves of Bay) with the mean of 0.34 which

makes it the least rank or the fastest one to withdraw the screw.

In terms of wood, Coconut Lumber ranked first with the mean of 1.52 and the least is the

Palochina with a mean of 1.04

Graph 3. Summary of Screw Hold Test in Different Kind of Woods

3.00

2.00
Time 1.00

0.00
Coco-Lumber Palochina
Concentration

A (75%W
B(50%
C(25%
D(100%
Control WG,
NL,
G, 50
75
1
2 00%
5%
%NNL,
BL)
L, 50%
25%
75%SD,
SD,50%
75%
25%BL)
BL)

ANOVA
Dependent: Time_Mean
Mean
Sum of Squares df Square F Sig.
Between Groups 4.801 4 1.200 6.543 .032
Within Groups .917 5 .183
Total 5.718 9
Table 7. Analysis of Variance for Screw Hold Test
 22
Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

Table 7 shows the result from the SPSS application. This table shows that there is a

0.032 significant difference in the screw holding test

Interpretation: There is 96.8% efficacy in the screw holding test

Stainability Test

I. Palochina
Table 8. Summary for Stainability Test in Palochina

Expert A Expert B Expert C Mean Rank

A (75% WG, 25% NL, 75%
5.00 4.67 2.00 2
SD, 25% BL) 3.89
B(50% WG, 50% NL, 50%
SD, 50% BL) 5.33 5 2 4.11 1
C(25% WG, 75% NL, 25%
4.00 2.00 2.00 4
SD, 75% BL) 2.67
D(100% NL, 100% BL) 4 1 2 2.33 5
Control 4.44 2.67 2.00 3.04 3
Table 8 shows the summary for stainability test in Palochina, it is the mean of the scores given

from the survey of the three expert in varnish paints. This shows that Concentration B (50%

wood glue, 25% Narra latex, 50% saw dust and 50% dried leaves of Bay) got a mean of 4.11

which lies between acceptable and slightly acceptable according to Likerts scale of acceptability,

followed by Concentration A (75% wood glue, 25% Narra latex, 75% saw dust and 25% dried

leaves of Bay) with the mean of 3.89 which lies between slightly acceptable and slightly

unacceptable, then the control with the mean of 3.04 which also lies between slightly acceptable

and slightly unacceptable, next is Concentration C (25% wood glue, 75% Narra latex, 25% saw

dust and 25% dried leaves of Bay) with a mean of 2.67 that lies between unacceptable and

slightly unacceptable and lastly Concentration D (100% Narra latex and 100% dried leaves of

Bay) with a mean of 2.33 that also lies between unacceptable and slightly unacceptable.
 23
Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

II. Coconut Lumber

Table 9. Summary for Stainability Test in Coconut Lumber

Expert A Expert B Expert C Mean Rank

A (75% WG, 25% NL, 75% SD, 25%
5.33 6.00 4.00 1
BL) 5.11
B(50% WG, 50% NL, 50% SD, 50%
BL) 6.00 4.67 3.67 4.78 2
C(25% WG, 75% NL, 25% SD, 75%
5.67 5.67 3.00 2
BL) 4.78
D(100% NL, 100% BL) 5 4.33 3.33 4.22 3
Control 5 5.67 3.67 4.78 2

Table 9 shows the summary for stainability test in Coconut Lumber, it is the mean of

the scores given from the survey of the three expert in varnish paints. This shows that

Concentration A (75% wood glue, 25% Narra latex, 75% saw dust and 25% dried leaves of Bay)

with the mean of 5.11 which lies between perfectly acceptable and acceptable according to

Likerts scale of acceptability, next are Concentration B (50% wood glue, 25% Narra latex, 50%

saw dust and 50% dried leaves of Bay), Concentration C (25% wood glue, 75% Narra latex, 25%

saw dust and 25% dried leaves of Bay), and controlled group which got a mean of 4.78 which

lies between acceptable and slightly acceptable and lastly is Concentration D (100% Narra latex

and 100% dried leaves of Bay) with a mean of 4.22 that also lies between acceptable and slightly

acceptable.

SUMMARY

Based from the data collected, the information was driven: the 75% wood glue, 25%

Narra latex, 75% sawdust, 25% bay leaf is the most effective concentration in most of the

examinations that were conducted. The concentration of Narra latex, Dried leaves of Bay,

Kakawate leaf yielded the best result in the different wood examinations for each wood filler; (a)
 24
Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

Coco Lumber, concentration A (75% wood glue, 25% Narra latex, 75% sawdust, 25% bay leaf)

obtained the lowest weight change of 26.67g for tap water and 11.67g weight change for salt

water for water absorption test. Control group (no applied concentration) obtained the longest

time to be unscrewed with a time of 2.45 seconds for the screw holding test. Concentration A

obtained the most favorable result for Coconut lumber having a mean of 5.11. (b) Palochina,

concentration C obtained the lowest weight change of 15g for tap water and concentration B

obtained the most favorable result having 6.67g weight change for salt water, for water

absorption test. Control group (no applied concentration) obtained the longest time to be

unscrewed with a time of 2.54 seconds for the screw holding test. Concentration B (50% wood

glue, 50% Narra latex, 50% sawdust, 50% bay leaf) obtained a mean of 4.11 making it the most

favorable result for the stainability test. The different concentrations yielded the best result in the

different tests for all the two woods; (a) water absorption test, concentration A (75% wood glue,

25% Narra latex, 75% sawdust, 25% bay leaf) is the most favorable concentration in all of the

two woods with a mean of 23.3 weight change for the tap water, the concentration A (75% wood

glue, 25% Narra latex, 75% sawdust, 25% bay leaf) also, is the most favorable concentration in

all of the two woods with a mean of 10g weight change for salt water. (b) Screw holding tests,

the control group (no applied concentration) is the most favorable result in all of the two woods

with a mean of 2.49 seconds for it to unscrew. (c) Stainability tests, concentration B (50% wood

glue, 50% Narra latex, 50% sawdust, and 50% bay leaf) yielded the most favorable result having

a mean of 4.11. Using the Software Package for Statistical Analysis (SPSS) in computing the

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) the resulting level of significance shows that there is 95.8%

efficacy for water absorption using salt water in the means of concentration, 94.4% efficacy for

water absorption using salt water in the means of the wood. 86.7% efficacy for water absorption
 25
Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

using tap water in the means of the concentration and 94.1% efficacy for the water absorption in

terms of the wood. 96.8 efficacy for screw holding test. The researchers have concluded that

there is a significant different to the water absorption test, screw holding test, and stain ability

test.

CONCLUSION

The researchers concluded that 75% wood glue, 25% Narra latex, 75% sawdust, 25% bay

leaf yielded the most favorable result in terms of the salt and tap water absorption test. Control

group, yielded the best result for the screw holding test and concentration B yielded the best

result for the stain ability tests. The researchers also concluded that there is a significant

difference in the water absorption test, screw holding test and the stain ability test. Since the

result showed positive increment in the values that are gathered from the Software Package for

Statistical Analysis in computing the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The resulting level of

significance shows that there is 95.8% efficacy for water absorption using salt water in the means

of concentration, 94.4% efficacy for water absorption using salt water in the means of the wood.

86.7% efficacy for water absorption using tap water in the means of the concentration and 94.1%

efficacy for the water absorption in terms of the wood. 96.8% efficacy for screw holding test.

RECOMMENDATIONS

After the outcome of the study and the attained conclusion, the researchers arrived with

the following recommendations for the future researchers: (a) the future researchers may study
 26
Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

further to the other kinds of woods used in making furniture and may develop a wood filler that

can also be a repellent to pests, termites and the like. (b) the future researchers may experiment

other concentrations that can be more efficient to make a bio pesticide wood filler.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Research work does not only require the collaborative effort of the team, but also requires
the assistance of many experts and authorities. The researchers wish to express their sincerest
gratitude to the following persons who contributed to the success of this project.
 27
Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

Dr. Ma. Victoria R. De Gulan, Principal of Malabon National High School for her
unwavering support and financial assistance for the conduct of laboratory test. Also for sharing
her expertise in the development of this research work.

Mrs. Anacoreta R. Trogo, MNHS Science Coordinator for her selfless provision for the
successful completion of this undertaking. Her assistance in every step of this research work is
greatly appreciated.

Mrs. Myla German, our project adviser, for her valuable guidance and motivation in the
conceptualization, completion, and submission of this project. Her commitment to aid the
researchers in every way she can is instrumental to the accomplishment of this endeavor.

Mr. Jeze Joy Sullivan , a grade 8 Science teacher who shared his knowledge about
working with construction materials. And to all the Science teachers, who in one way or another
have helped the researchers throughout the development of this research work.

The researchers friends and classmates, for their support and encouragement that gave
them the strength to continue improving this project.

To all the members of the researchers family for their utmost understanding, concern,
and love which provided them the inspiration to complete this work.

Lastly, and above all, to God Almighty, for His Divine grace for the researchers to do all
that is needed to accomplish this investigatory work.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

ELECTRONIC SOURCES

(n.d.). Retrieved August 31, 2016, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/wood filler

 28
Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

History of Biopesticides. (n.d.). Retrieved September 3, 2016, from

http://www.bpia.org/history-of-biopesticides/

4 Different Uses for Wood Filler | DoItYourself.com. (2012). Retrieved September 3, 2016, from

http://www.doityourself.com/stry/4-different-uses-for-wood-filler

Wood Filler and Wood Repair Compounds. (n.d.). Retrieved September 4, 2016, from

http://www.house-painting-info.com/articles/wood-filler/

The Advantages Of Using Bio-Pesticide. (n.d.). Retrieved September 4, 2016, from http://most-

unique-things.blogspot.com/2012/11/the-advantages-of-using-bio-pesticide.html

Isolation, characterization, identification and antimicrobial assay of the active components of

kakawate [Gliricidia sepium] leaves. (2016). Retrieved August 12, 2016, from

http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=PH2001100554

H. (2014). 7 Plants That Repel Insects. Retrieved September 27, 2016, from

http://www.naturallivingideas.com/7-plants-that-repel-insects/

Bay leaf (Laurus nobilis) | Plant Profiler. (n.d.). Retrieved September 1, 2016, from

http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/life-science/nutrition-research/learning-center/plant-

profiler/laurus-nobilis.html

Narra / Pterocarpus indicus / National Tree / Rosewood / Tzu tan: Philippine Alternative

Medicine / Medicinal Herbs / StuartXchange. (n.d.). Retrieved September 27, 2016, from

http://www.stuartxchange.org/Narra.html
 29
Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

Calleja, B. D. (2010). Kakawate leaves as pesticide, bio-organic fertilizer. Retrieved August

12, 2016, from http://balita.ph/2010/05/25/kakawate-leaves-as-pesticide-bio-organic-

fertilizer/

The Wood Filler & Epoxy Test (Year 1) - The Craftsman Blog. (2016). Retrieved September 1,

2016, from http://thecraftsmanblog.com/the-wood-filler-epoxy-test-year-1/

O. (2012). Wood Stain Water Absorption Test. Retrieved September 29, 2016, from

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TWOQi1tQ3qQ

E. (2012). Inside the Elmer's Test Lab: Elmer's Carpenter's Wood Filler -- Strength Test.

Retrieved September 29, 2016, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oRkumV61K9Q

Books/Periodicals/Journals/Unpublished Materials

Jema, J. M., Tersim, N., Toudert, K. T., & Khouja, M. L. (2012). Insecticidal activities of

essential oils from leaves of Laurus nobilis L. from Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco, and

comparative chemical composition. Journal of Stored Products Research, 48, 97-104.

doi:10.1016/j.jspr.2011.10.003

APPENDICES

Appendix A
Gathering and Preparation of Materials
 30
Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

Drying and Labelling of woods and containers

Preparation of Different Concentrations

 31
Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

Application of wood filler to the wood blocks

 32
Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

Execution of Water Absorption Test

Execution of Screw
Holding Test

Execution of Stain
Ability Test
 33
Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler
 34
Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

APPENDIX B
 35
Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

APPENDIX C
Weight Change PALOCHINA
Weight after water Weight before Water
Label absorption absorption Difference Mean
(Kg) (Kg)
A
TAP B1 175 150 25
TAP B2 155 140 15 20
TAP B3 180 160 20

SALT BB1 175 155 20

SALT BB2 170 160 10 8.33
SALT BB3 200 205 -5
B
TAP C1 165 150 15
TAP C2 170 155 15 15
TAP C3 195 180 15

SALT CC1 180 170 10

SALT CC2 195 190 5 6.67
SALT CC3 170 165 5
C
TAP D1 185 175 10
TAP D2 180 155 25 15
TAP D3 175 165 10

SALT DD1 180 180 0

SALT DD2 190 130 60 31.67
SALT DD3 165 130 35
D
TAP E1 240 185 55
TAP E2 200 165 35 31.67
TAP E3 210 205 5

SALT EE1 150 135 15

SALT EE2 150 135 15 18.33
SALT EE3 160 135 25
CONTROL
TAP A1 195 175 20
TAP A2 160 135 25 23.33
TAP A3 160 135 25

SALT AA1 180 170 10

SALT AA2 145 130 15 11.67
SALT AA3 145 135 10

APPENDIX D
Weight Change Coco Lumber
 36
Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

Weight after Water

Weight Before Water
Label Absorption Difference Mean
Absorption (Kg)
(Kg)
A
TAP BB1 245 225 20
TAP BB2 255 250 5 26.67
TAP BB3 265 210 55

SALT CC1 210 195 15

SALT CC2 210 200 10 11.67
SALT CC3 210 200 10
B
TAP DD1 230 190 40
TAP DD2 250 205 45 40
TAP DD3 225 190 35

SALT DDD1 195 180 15

SALT DDD2 220 180 40 28.33
SALT DDD3 210 180 30
C
TAP F1 240 175 65
TAP F2 240 190 50 40
TAP F3 245 240 5

SALT FF1 230 185 45

SALT FF2 280 200 80 43.33
SALT FF3 220 215 5
D
TAP D1 260 220 40
TAP D2 270 240 30 26.67
TAP D3 195 185 10

SALT FFF1 195 160 35

SALT FFF2 250 180 70 46.67
SALT FFF3 225 190 35
CONTROL
TAP A1 265 190 75
TAP A2 255 175 80 78.33
TAP A3 265 185 80

SALT AB1 250 190 60

SALT AB2 220 160 60 60
SALT AB3 225 165 60

APPENDIX E
SCREW HOLDING TESTS-COCONUT LUMBER
MASS TIME IT TAKES TO
Time Mean (seconds)
CONCENTRATIONS REPLICATES USED UNSCREW
 37
Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

(kg) (seconds)
A CC1 500 2.49
CC2 500 1.47 1.67
CC3 500 1.04

B EEE1 500 2.86

EEE2 500 0.67 1.43
EEE3 500 0.77

C BB1 500 3.35

BB2 500 0.56 1.56
BB3 500 0.77

D G1 500 0.6
G2 500 0.46 0.51
G3 500 0.46

CONTROL AA1 500 2.2

AA2 500 3.84 2.45
AA3 500 1.3
SCREW HOLDING TESTS-PALOCHINA
Time It takes to
Concentrations Replicates Mass Used Time Mean(seconds)
Unscrew
(kg) (seconds )
A BBBB1 500 0.85
BBBB2 500 0.86 1.26
BBBB3 500 2.06

B CCCC1 500 0.46

CCCC2 500 0.65 0.52
CCCC3 500 0.46

C DDDD1 500 0.58

DDDD2 500 1.22 0.71
DDDD3 500 0.34

D EEEE1 500 0.15

EEEE2 500 0.17 0.17
EEEE3 500 0.2

CONTROL AAA1 500 3.3

AAA2 500 1.68 2.54
AAA3 500 2.64

STANABILITY TESTS-COCONUT LUMBER

CONCENTRATIONS REPLICATES Level of Acceptability Mean Mean
a b c 5.11
A C1 5 6 4 5.00
C2 6 6 3 5.00
C3 5 6 5 5.33
 38
Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

Mean 5.33 6.00 4.00

B EE1 6 6 5 5.67
EE2 6 3 3 4.00
4.78
EE3 6 5 3 4.67
6.00 4.67 3.67
C B1 6 6 3 5.00
B2 5 6 3 4.67
4.78
B3 6 5 3 4.67
5.67 5.67 3.00
D E1 5 4 3 4.00
E2 5 4 4 4.33
4.22
E3 5 5 3 4.33
5.00 4.33 3.33
CONTROL AAA1 5 6 3 4.67
AAA2 5 6 4 5.00
4.78
AAA3 5 5 4 4.67
5.00 5.67 3.67
STANABILITY TESTS-PALOCHINA
Concentrations Replicates Level of Acceptability Mean Mean
a b c
A BBB1 5 6 2 4.33
BBB2 5 4 2 3.67
3.89
BBB3 5 4 2 3.67
5.00 4.67 2.00
B CCC1 5 4 2 3.67
CCC2 5 5 2 4.00
4.11
CCC3 6 6 2 4.67
5.33 5.00 2.00
C DDD1 4 1 2 2.33
DDD2 4 4 2 3.33
2.67
DDD3 4 1 2 2.33
4.00 2.00 2.00
D EEE1 4 1 2 2.33
EEE2 4 1 2 2.33
2.33
EEE3 4 1 2 2.33
4.00 1.00 2.00
CONTROL AA1 4 4 2 3.33
AA2 4 4 4 4.00
3.78
AA3 4 4 4 4.00
4.00 4.00 3.33
APPENDIX F
APPENDIX G
Stainability Evaluation
 39
Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

Expert A from Pine Wood Square the Customizer, Malanday, Valenzuela City

Expert B from Chiquis Furniture, Mancon Apartment, Malanday, Valenzuela City

 40
Narra (Pterocarpus indicus) Latex, Kakawate (Gliricidia sepium) Leaves extract and
Dried Leaves of Bay (Laurus nobilis) as Components of Biopesticide Wood Filler

Expert C from Jimenez Furniture 162 Dalandanan, Valenzuela City