CABIGAO, VIANNY COLETTE E.

Periodontology

1. The periodontal ligament is composed of 80 percent _________ collagen.

A) Type V
B) Type IV
C) Type III
D) Type II
E) Type I

2. The width of the attached gingiva is an important clinical parameter in evaluating

periodontal treatment outcome. The width of the attached gingiva primarily
corresponds to the width of the free marginal gingiva.

A) Both statements are true.

B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true and the second statement false.
D) The first statement is false and the second statement is true.

3. Idiopathic gingival fibromatosis is primarily associated with:

A) Plaque
B) Genetics
C) Medications
D) A and B
E) A only

4. The Lamina densa within the epithelial attachment is primarily composed of

which collagen fiber type?

A) Type I
B) Type 11
C) Type III
D) Type IV

5. The epithelial mitotic cell turnover rate is highest within __________.

A) Oral sulcular epithelium

B) Keratinized gingiva
C) Epidermis of skin
D) Junctional epithelium

6. The primary secretion by junction epithelial cells that provides

adherence to the tooth root surface is _____________.

A) Hydroxyglycine

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 CABIGAO, VIANNY COLETTE E.
Periodontology

B) Laminin
C) Fibrinogen
D) Glycine
E) None of the above

7. Which of the following statements accurately inter-relates the tooth and

periodontium interface?

1. Junctional epithelial cells are oriented parallel to the root surface.

2. Periodontal ligament fibers insert in cementum and bone
biochemically through fibronectin.
3. The junctional epithelial cells are non-secreting cells.
4. The Lamina densa primarily contains hemidesmosomal plaques.
5. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes can pass between junctional
epithelium cells into the gingival sulcus/pocket.

A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B) 1, 3, 4
C) 1, 2, 5
D) 2, 3, 5

8. In the presence of abundant plaque formation, hyperplastic gingivitis can be

associated with which of the following?

1. Mouth breathing
2. Cyclosporine
3. Procardia
4. Pregnancy
5. Phenytoin

A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B) 2, 3, 4, 5
C) 2, 3,5
D) 2 and 5
E) 4 and 5

9. In periodontal disease, loss of which of the following fiber bundles are primarily
associated in preventing the progressive downward proliferation of the
junctional epithelium into the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone?

A) Transseptal
B) Circular
C) Interradicular
D) Alveolar gingival

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 CABIGAO, VIANNY COLETTE E.
Periodontology

10. The looping within the vasculature of the free gingival margin is indicative of:

A) Connective tissue pull upon the vasculature

B) Capillary anastomosis within vasculature
C) Leukocyte margination within vasculature
D) Rapid collagen turnover within the connective tissue.

11. Glycosaminoglycans and/or glycoproteins are associated with which of the following
gingival / periodontal histologic structures?

A) Junctional cells
B) Internal basement membrane
C) Collagen fibers
D) External basement membrane
E) All of the above

12. In the (Stage IV) advanced periodontal lesion, collagen fiber lysis is advanced
permitting downward proliferation of the epithelial attachment on the root
surface. The marginal gingival lamina propria is heavily infiltrated by plasma
cells.

A) Both statements are true.

B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true and the second statement false.
D) The first statement is false and the second statement is true.

13. Macrophages contained within the periodontium function as which of the following?

A) Phagocytosis
B) Collagen destruction enzymes
C) Initiation of T-Cell production
D) B and C
E) All of the above

14. The alveolar bone proper is also termed as which of the following?

1. Cribriform plate
2. Sharpeys plate
3. Lamina dura
4. Bundle bone
5. Trabecular bone

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 CABIGAO, VIANNY COLETTE E.
Periodontology

A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B) 1, 3, 4
C) 2, 4, 5
D) 3, and 5
E) 4 only

15. Depending upon its local periodontal environment, the fibroblast can function in
which of the following?

A) Synthesis of glycoproteins
B) Phagocytosis of collagen
C) Secretion of trophocollagen
D) Collagenase secretion
E) All of the above

16. The periodontal ligament fiber bundle that least protects the tooth and
alveolar bone during centric axial forces is which of the following?

A) Horizontal
B) Alveolar crestal
C) Obique
D) Apical

17. The predominant immune cell of Initial Lesion, (Stage I), gingivitis, is the:

A) NK lymphocyte
B) Plasma cell
C) Polymorphonuclear leukocyte
D) T-lymphocyte
E) B-Lymphocyte

18. A 27 year-old male presents to your office with the following signs: loss of
interdental and marginal stippling, blue-red tissue color, the junctional epithelium at
the CEJ, and bleeding upon gentle probing. Your diagnosis is __________________.

A) Gingival recession
B) Systemic infection
C) Advanced periodontal disease, (perodontitis)
D) Melanin pigmentation
E) Chronic gingivitis

19. In gingivitis, (Stage II), the predominant cell is the plasma cell. Numerous plasma
cells become phagocytic causing destruction of the horizontal and oblique fibers of
the periodontal ligament.

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 CABIGAO, VIANNY COLETTE E.
Periodontology

A) Both answers are true.

B) Both answers are false.
C) The first statement is true and the second is false.
D) The first statement is false and the second is true.

20. Linear-to-curved facial indentations that originate from the apex of the free gingival
margin and extend parallel to the root surface in an apical direction are termed:

A) Free gingival margins

B) Interdental grooves
C) McCalls festoones
D) Stillman clefts

21. In periodontal health the gingival sulcus primarily contains the following contents
with the exception of:

A) Desquamated epithelial cells

B) PMNs
C) Transudate
D) RBCs

22. The oral mucous consists of which of the following?

A. Attached gingival
B. Alveolar mucosa
C. Free gingival margin
D. Mucogingival junction
E. All of the above

23. In health and good tooth alignment, the width of the keratinized gingiva is primarily
narrowest on the facial/ buccal of which of the following teeth?

A) Maxillary lateral incisor

B) Mandibular second molar
C) Mandibular first premolar
D) Maxillary canine

24. The space bounded by the tooth and free gingiva, and having the
Junctional epithelium at its base is termed:

A) Interdental groove
B) Mucogingival junction
C) Free gingival groove
D) Gingival sulcus
E) Interdental papillae

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 CABIGAO, VIANNY COLETTE E.
Periodontology

25. The basic function of the gingival fiber groups (apparatus) is to maintain the free
gingiva and junctional epithelium in close approximation to the tooth. The gingival
epithelium lamina propria is similar to other tissues of the body (i.e., consists of
fibroblasts, mesenchymal cells, mast cells, and macrophages).

A) Both answers are true.

B) Both answers are false.
C) The first statement is true and the second is false.
D) The first statement is false and the second is true.

26. Which of the following parameters are indicative of gingival health?

A) Bleeding upon probing

B) Gingival enlargement
C) Inverted interdental gingival contours
D) Firm consistency of gingival margin

27. A stippled appearance is normal to the attached gingiva. This stippling is caused by
projections of elastic fiber bundles into the papillary layer of the lamina propria,
which elevate the epithelium into rounded prominences that alternate with
indentations of the epithelium.

A) Both answers are true.

B) Both answers are false.
C) The first statement is true and the second is false.
D) The first statement is false and the second is true.

28. In the adult periodontium, the junctional epithelium:

A) have fewer hemidesmosomes

B) coronally the junctional cells are 1-2 cell thick
C) does not secrete glycoprpteins or glycoaminoglycans
D) during all stages of eruption, the junctional cell adhesion is limited to
the CEJ.

29. Recession of junctional cells apical from the CEJ, is related to which of
the ollowing?

A) Position of the tooth in the arch

B) Infection associated with plaque
C) Calculus formation
D) Toothbrush trauma
E) All of the above

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 CABIGAO, VIANNY COLETTE E.
Periodontology

30. The blood vessels within the connective tissue adjacent the junctional epithelium
are named:

A) Endosteal arterioles and capillaries

B) Periosteal arterioles and capillaries
C) Interdental artery
D) Crevicular plexus

31. The periodontal ligament is capable of transmitting tactile pressure and pain
sensations by the trigeminal nerve pathways. The sense of localization during closure
is imparted through the high elastic fiber content of the periodontal ligament.

A) Both answers are true.

B) Both answers are false.
C) The first statement is true and the second is false.
D) The first statement is false and the second is true.

32. Bundle bone is named because of which of the following reasons?

A) The formation of multiple lacunae within alveolar cortical bone.

B) The site of embedded Sharpeys fibers.
C) The incorporation of intrinsic fibers within the alveolar bone proper.
D) Collagen arrangement within trabecular spaces.
E) Remnents of cementum deposition in the alveolar bone proper.

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33. Generally, acellular cementum is not:

A) Is not replaced when root planed to dentin

B) Is associated with supragingival calculus
C) Primarily involved in root ankylosis
D) Is laid down in appositional layers
E) Is formed before the tooth erupts into the oral cavity

34. The dento-gingival unit is a dynamic structure. This refers to which of

the following?

A) Remodels bone and cementum

B) Adapts to compensatory eruption
C) Permits mesial drift of the tooth
D) Performs a formative function
E) All of the above

35. Gingival recession may be associated with which of the following?

A) Advancing periodontal disease

B) Position of the tooth in the arch
C) Mucogingival involvement caused by frenum pull
D) Occlusal traumatism
E) All of the above

36. Tooth # 24 has 3mm. of exposed lingual root as measured by a probe from the CEJ
to the free gingival margin. Your periodontal diagnosis is:

A) Gingivitis
B) Fenestration
C) Gingival enlargement
D) Gingival abscess
E) Recession

37. With recession, which of the following best describes ACTUAL POSITION?

A) The level of the crest of the gingival margin on the tooth.

B) The level of the epithelial attachment on the tooth.
C) The depth of the gingival sulcus or periodontal pocket.
D) Measured by use of the periodontal probe
E) B and D

38. Generalized diffuse gingivitis includes the following periodontal tissue:

A) Attached gingiva
B) Interdental gingiva

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 C) Marginal gingiva
D) Alveolar mucosa
E) All of the above

39. During an acute gingival inflammatory response, which of the following cell types
can destroy virulent bacteria by phagocytosis and T-cell mediation?

A) Plasma cell
B) Mast cell
C) B-Lymphocyte
D) Macrophage
E) Polymorphonuclear leukocyte

40. In health, mesial drift results in changes within periodontal alveolar bone; these
changes are best described as:

1. osteoclastic activity and loss of collagen on the pressure side.

2. necrosis and osteoclastic activity on the tension side.
3. Osteoblastic activity and collagen formation/mineralization on the
tension side.
4. cementoblastic and collagen mineralization on the pressure side.
5. apical osteoblastic ankylosis.

B) 1, 2, 5
C) 1 and 2
D) 1 and 3
E) 3 and 4
F) 3, 4, 5

41. In health, the color of the attached gingiva is blue-red in color. This color of the
healthy attached gingiva is produced by the vascular supply, thickness of the
keratinized epithelium, and/or the presence of pigmentation.

A) Both answers are true.

B) Both answers are false.
C) The first statement is true and the second is false.
D) The first statement is false and the second is true.

42. A fenestration primarily occurs:

1. In lingual bone rather than facial bone.

2. Where facial buttressing bone is heavy apically.
3. Where a root is facially prominent in the arch.
4. Where the denuded root area is located apical to the
marginal bone.

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 A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 3 and 4
E) 1 only

43. Clinical research reports that ____________of erupted teeth have a partial absence
of cervical cementum forming a space of exposed dentin. This exposed dentin
space may be associated with an increased incidence of caries and root sensitivity.

A) 5-10 %
B) 30-50 %
C) 60-65 %
D) over 65 %

44. Enamel projections can extend varying distances from the dentoenamel junction to
the mid-facial furcation areas. An epithelial attachment associated with these
enamel pearls is potentially weaker than a comparable epithelial attachment on
cementum.

A) Both answers are true.

B) Both answers are false.
C) The first statement is true and the second is false.
D) The first statement is false and the second is true.

45. Gingival bleeding with gentle probing may be associated with which of
the following?

A) Chronic gingivitis
B) Overzealous tooth brushing
C) Leukemias
D) Violation of the biologic width
E) All of the above

46. In periodontal health, the distance between the epithelial attachment to the crest of
the alveolar bone remains relatively constant at 2.04 mm. As the epithelial
attachment moves apically in periodontal disease, the crest of the alveolar bone is
resorbed in attempt to re-establish this 2.04 mm distance.

A) Both answers are true.

B) Both answers are false.
C) The first statement is true and the second is false.
D) The first statement is false and the second is true.

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47. Which of the following histologic structures are generally absent within
the periodontal ligament?

A) angioblasts and undifferentiated cells

B) mylenated nerve fibers
C) interstitial spaces
D) fibronectin
E) mature elastic fibers

48. Remodeling of the periodontal ligament and bone by fibroblasts,

cemenoblasts, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts is an example of ______________
cellular function?

A) Physical
B) Formative
C) Sensory
D) Anatomical
E) None of the above

49. Tooth number 25 has a nonkeratinized gingival margin and probes 5 mm loss of
attachment from the CEJ. There is facial alveolar mucosal elastic pull associated
the pull of the mandibular labial frenum. These presented diagnostic findings are
consistent with a diagnosis of:

A) Hyperplatic gingivitis
B) Gingival recession
C) Mucogingival defect
D) None of the above

50. Tooth number 14 has been without an antagonist for 18 months. You place a
mandibular bridge from teeth numbers 18 20, restoring occlusal function to
number 14. Histologic changes within the periodontium of tooth number 14
now include:

1. A functional periodontal ligament space.

2. Decreased density within supporting bone.
3. Increased density of the alveolar bone proper.
4. Reorganization, formation, and orientation of periodontal
fiber groups.
5. Deposition of acellular cementum.

A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
B) 1, 3, 4
C) 2, 3, 4, 5
D) 2 and 3
E) 1 only

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51. The most common disease found in the embalmed bodies of ancient Egyptians:
A) Rickets
B) Arthritis
C) Periodontal Disease
D) Dental Caries

52. Which ancient medical book recommended cleaning the teeth twice a day with an
astringent stick that has been chewed into a brush form?
A) Eberus papyrus
B) Edwin Smith surgical papyrus
C) Sushrutha Samhita
D) Charaka Samhita

53. In CPITN:
A) The dentition is divided into five segments.
B) Pocketing of 4-5 mm, that is, when the gingival margin is on the clear area
is code no. 3.
C) Pocketing of 6mm or more, that is when the gingival margin is on the black
area of the probe is code no. 4.
D) For appropriate treatment plan code 2 requires improvement in home care.
E) For appropriate treatment plan code 3 require supra and
subgingival scaling and improvement in home care.

54. U.S. food and drug administration for the adjunctive therapy of periodontitis has
approved doxycycline hyclate:
A) Available as 100mg capsule for use twice daily.
B) Available as 20mg capsule for use twice daily.
C) Available 200mg capsule for use twice daily.
D) Available as 40mg capsule for use twice daily.
E) Available as 20mg capsule for once daily use.

55. Root planning is:

A) Removal of material Alba and stains from root surface.
B) Removal of soft tissue wall of the periodontal pocket.
C) Removal of calculus & plaque from root surface.
D) Removal of food debris from tooth surface.
E) Removal of diseased cementum along with other root deposits.

56. Greater occlusal pressure on the periodontium produces:

A) Increased resorption of alveolar bone and formation of cementum.
B) A gradation of changes in periodontal ligament starting with tension of fibers

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 which produce areas of fibrosis.
C) Injury to fibroblasts and other connective tissue cells lead to necrosis of areas
of the ligament.
D) Disintegration of blood vessels within 30 minutes.
E) Disintegration of blood vessels within 05 minutes.

57. Endocarditis prophylaxis is recommended in:

A) Mitral valve prolapse without valvular regurgitation.
B) Previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery
C) Cardiac pacemakes.
D) Implanted defibrillators.
E) Tetralogy of Fallot.

58. The mobility of the teeth is graded 3 if:

A) The mobility is 1mm.
B) b.The mobility is less than 1mm.
C) c.The mobility is in apicoocclusal direction and 1mm in labiolingual
direction.
D) d. The mobility is in apicoocclusal direction and mobility is less than 1mm in
labio -lingual direction.
E) The mobility is in apicoocclusal direction and mobility in labio - lingual
direction is more than 2mm.

59. The wavelength of the CO2 laser used for gingivectomy is:
A) 10,600nm.
B) 1064nm.
C) 10nm.
D) 100nm.
E) 500nm.

60.Localized aggressive periodontitis is best treated in early stage by:

A) Tetracycline 250mg 4 times daily for fourteen days.
B) Tetracycline 250mg once daily for 7 days.
C) Tetracycline 250mg twice daily for 7 days.
D) Tetracycline 250mg 4 times daily for 3 days.
E) Tetracycline 250mg 4 times daily for 5 days.

61. The main function of gingiva is:

A) Attaching the tooth to alveolar bone

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 B) Protection of underlying tissues
C) Providing blood supply to teeth
D) Taking the brunt of mastication

62. The attached gingiva is attached to:

A) Root
B) Periosteum
C) Both of the above
D) None of the above

63. The width of attached gingiva is the distance between:

A) Bottom of gingival sulcus to MG junction
B) Bottom of periodontal pocket to MG junction
C) Both of the above are correct
D) None of the above are correct

64. The width of attached gingiva is greatest in:

A) Maxillary anterior region
B) Mandibular molar region
C) Maxillary premolar region
D) Mandibular premolar region

65. The width of attached gingiva is least in:

A) Mandibular anterior region
B) Mandibular canine region
C) Maxillary anterior region
D) Mandibular premolar region

66. The width of attached gingiva:

A) Increase with age
B) Decreases with age
C) Is stationary throughout life
D) Is the distance between gingival margin and mucogingival junction

67. Proliferation of Keratinocytes takes place from:

A) Basal cell layer
B) Suprabasal layer
C) Both of the above
D) None of the above

68. Which of the following are seen less commonly in the superficial layers of gingival
epithelium:
A) Lipid droplets
B) Keratohyalin granules
C) Tonofibrils
D) Mitochondria

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69. Which of the following gingival cell is not a clear cell:
A) Melanocyte
B) Keratinocyte
C) Langerhans cell
D) Merkel cell

70. Interdental papilla is formed by:

A) Marginal gingiva
B) Attached gingival
C) Both of the above
D) None of the above

71. The distance between apical end of junctional epithelium and crest of alveolar bone:
A) Increase with age
B) Decreases with age
C) Is stationary throughout life
D) Depends on health of periodontium

72. Which of the following is stippled:

A) Attached gingiva
B) Marginal gingiva
C) Both of the above
D) None of the above

73. The source of collagenase in GCF can be:

A) Fibroblast
B) PMN leukocyte
C) Bacteria
D) All of the above

74. Which of the following leukocytes is not found in crevicular fluid:

A) PMN
B) Macrophage
C) Lymphocyte
D) Basophil

75. When compared to blood glucose levels, GCF glucose levels are:
A) Almost same
B) Less
C) Very less
D) High

76. Which of the following does not increase the flow of crevicular fluid:
A) Inflammation
B) Trauma from occlusion
C) Smoking

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 D) Brushing

77. The majority of leukocytes found in gingival sulcus are:

A) Dead
B) Not having phagocytic capacity
C) Not having killing capacity
D) None of the above are correct

78. The main route of entry of leukocytes into oral cabity is through:
A) Saliva
B) GCF
C) Pharynx
D) Larynx

79. Type III collagem is mainly found in:

A) Principal fibres
B) Reticular fibres
C) Sharpeyss fibres
D) None of the above

80. The periodontal ligament fibres that mainly prevent extrusion of teeth are:
A) Trans-septal fibres
B) Alveolar crest group
C) Horizontal fibres
D) Inter-radicular fibres

81. Oxytalan fibres in periodontal ligament run:

A) Perpendicular to root surface
B) Parallel to root surface
C) At 45 angle to root surface
D) At 70 angle to root surface

82. Indifferent fibre plexus in the periodontal ligament is formed by:

A) Collagen fibres
B) Oxytalan fibres
C) Eluanin fibres
D) Elastic fibres

83. The most common cells in periodontal ligament are:

A) Fibroblasts
B) Epithelial rests
C) Osteoblast
D) Neutrophils

84. The orientation of fibroblasts in periodontal ligament is:

A) Parallel to the root

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 B) Parallel to alveolar bone
C) Along the principal fibres
D) Along the blood vessels

85. The function of fibroblast in periodontal ligament:

A) Synthesis of collagen
B) Degradation of old collagen
C) Both of the above
D) None of the above

86. Epithelial rests in periodontal ligament are usually located close to:
A) Cribriform plate
B) Blood vessels
C) Intermediate plexus
D) Cementum

87. The glycosaminoglycan found in the ground substance of periodontal ligament is:
A) Laminin
B) Fibronectin
C) Hyaluronic acid
D) All of the above

88. The number of layers of osteoblasts found in endosteum:

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four

89. The average distance between crest of interdental septum and cementoenamel junction
in young adults
A) 1.08mm
B) 2.08mm
C) 3.08 mm
D) 4.08 mm

90. In areas of fenestration, the root is covered by:

A) Gingiva
B) Periosteum
C) Both of the above
D) None of the above

91. Dehiscences occur more frequently on:

A) Labial side
B) Lingual side
C) Mesial side
D) Distal side

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92. Teeth that show dehiscence of alveolar bone:
A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 30%
D) 40%

93. The least stable periodontal tissue:

A) Gingiva
B) Periodontal ligament
C) Cementum
D) Alveolar bone

94. Epithelial rests of Malassez are formed from:

A) Stratum intermedium
B) Stellate reticulum
C) Enamel epithelium
D) Dental sac

95. Which of the following are the first one to develop:

A) Trans-septal fibres
B) Gingivodental group
C) Oblique fibres
D) Alveolar crest group

96. Periodontal ligament forms from:

A) Enamel organ
B) Hertwigs root sheath
C) Dental sac
D) Dental follicle

97. The first bone to be formed during development of alveolar bone is called:
A) Lamellar bone
B) Compact bone
C) Woven bone
D) Bundle bone

98. The alveolar bone of a permanent tooth develops from:

A) Basal bone
B) Dental follicle
C) Endomesenchyme
D) Alveolar bone of deciduous tooth

99. Change that does not occur in the periodontium of a nonfunctional tooth:
A) Reduced trabeculae
B) Periodontal fibres becoming parallel to root
C) Thinned cementum
D) Increase of distance between CEJ and alveolar crest

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100. Periodontal ligament derives its blood supply from:
A) Gingiva
B) Bone marrow
C) Both of the above
D) None of the above

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