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User manual
MN.00273.E - 001
Volume 1/1
The information contained in this handbook is subject to change without notice.
Property of Siae Microelettronica S.p.A. All rights reserved according to the law and according to the inter-
national regulations. No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, without written permission from Siae Microelettronica S.p.A.
Unless otherwise specified, reference to a Company, name, data and address produced on the screen di-
splayed is purely indicative aiming at illustrating the use of the product.
MS-DOS, MS Windows are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation
HP, HP OpenView NNM and HPUX are Hewlett Packard Company registered trademarks.
UNIX is a UNIX System Laboratories registered trademark.
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Linux term is a trademark registered by Linus Torvalds, the original author of the Linux operating system.
Linux is freely distributed according the GNU General Public License (GPL).
Other products cited here in are constructor registered trademarks.
ALFOPlus
Section 1.
USER GUIDE 5
Section 2.
DESCRIPTIONS AND
SPECIFICATION 13
Section 3.
INSTALLATION 55
Section 4.
LINE-UP 71
Section 5.
MAINTENANCE 83
Section 6.
PROGRAMMING AND
SUPERVISION 91
12 COMPOSITION .........................................................................................................97
12.1 GENERALS .......................................................................................................97
12.2 ALFOPlus SYSTEM IDENTIFYING LABEL................................................................97
12.3 AVAILABLE ALFOPlus VERSIONS .........................................................................97
12.4 ODU INSTALLATION KIT ....................................................................................99
Section 8.
LISTS AND SERVICES 101
15 ASSISTANCE SERVICE............................................................................................107
1 DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
SIAE MICROELETTRONICA
Via Buonarroti, 21 - Cologno (MI) - Italy
DECLARES
THAT THE PRODUCTS
EN 300 019 climatic characteristics (in operation: class 4.1 for ODU; storing: class 1.2; transport: class
2.3)
Do not touch the bare hands until the circuit has been opened. pen the circuit by switching off the line
switches. If that is not possible protect yourself with dry material and free the patient from the con-
ductor.
It is important to start mouth resuscitation at once and to call a doctor immediately. suggested procedure
for mouth to mouth resuscitation method is described in the Tab.1.
This treatment should be used after the patient has regained consciousness. It can also be employed while
artificial respiration is being applied (in this case there should be at least two persons present).
Warning
6
ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
Tab.1 - Artificial respiration
Lay the patient on his back with his arms parallel to the body.
If the patient is laying on an inclined plane, make sure that his
1 stomach is slightly lower than his chest. Open the patients
mouth and check that there is no foreign matter in mouth (den-
tures, chewing gum, etc.).
Kneel beside the patient level with his head. Put an hand under
the patients head and one under his neck.
Lift the patients head and let it recline backwards as far
2 as possible.
Shift the hand from the patients neck to his chin and his
mouth, the index along his jawbone, and keep the other fingers
closed together.
With your thumb between the patients chin and mouth keep
his lips together and blow into his nasal cavities
When the equipment units are provided with the plate, shown in Fig.1, it means that they contain compo-
nents electrostatic charge sensitive.
In order to prevent the units from being damaged while handling, it is advisable to wear an elasticized band
(Fig.2) around the wrist ground connected through coiled cord (Fig.3).
The units showing the label, shown in Fig.4, include laser diodes and the emitted power can be dangerous
for eyes; avoid exposure in the direction of optical signal emission.
8
ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
2.3 CORRECT DISPOSAL OF THIS PRODUCT (Waste electrical &
electronic equipment)
(Applicable in the European Union and other European countries with separate collection systems). This
marking of Fig.5 shown on the product or its literature, indicates that it should not be disposed with other
household wastes at the end of its working life. To prevent possible harm to the environment or human
health from uncontrolled waste disposal, please separate this from other types of wastes and recycle it
responsibly to promote the sustainable reuse of material resources. Household users should contact either
the retailer where they purchased this product, or their local government office, for details of where and
how they can take this item for environmentally safe recycling. Business users should contact their supplier
and check the terms and conditions of the purchase contract. This product should not be mixed with other
commercial wastes for disposal.
The purpose of this manual consists in providing for the user information which permit to operate and
maintain the ALFOPlus radio equipment.
Warning: This manual does not include information relevant to the SCT/WebLCT management program
windows and relevant application. They will provided by the program itself as helpon line.
The following knowledge and skills are required to operate the equipment:
The manual is subdivided into sections each of them developing a specific topic entitling the section.
Each section consists of a set of chapters, enlarging the main subject master.
It provides the information about the main safety rules and expounds the purpose and the structure of the
manual.
It describes a general overview of the typical applications and in particular of the whole radio equipment.
Section 3 Installation
The mechanical installation procedures are herein set down as well as the user electrical connections.
10
ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
Section 4 LineUp
Lineup procedures are described as well as checks to be carried out for the equipment correct operation.
The list of the instruments to be used and their characteristics are also set down.
Section 5 Maintenance
The routine maintenance actions are described as well as fault location procedures in order to identify the
faulty unit and to reestablish the operation after its replacement with a spare one.
The ALFOPlus radio is programmed and supervised using different software tools. Some of them are al-
ready available, some other will be available in the future. This section lists the tools implemented and
indicates if descriptions are already available.
Section 7 Composition
Position, part numbers of the components the equipment consist of, are shown in this section.
Lists of figures, list of tables and assistance service are shown in this section.
4 LIST OF ACRONYMS
- CF Coupling Flag
- RF Radio Frequency
14
ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
5 PRESENTATION OF ALFOPLUS RADIO SYSTEM
5.1 GENERAL
ALFOPlus is a full-outdoor and full IP digital radio system for point-to-point applications, used for high ca-
pacity Ethernet transport (1 Gbps). The frequency range is from 6 GHz up to 42 GHz with hitless adaptive
code modulation (from 4QAM up to 1024QAM).
There are two available versions for ALFOPlus: Gigabit Electrical (GE) and Gigabit Optical (GO). This doc-
ument provides a general overview of ALFOPlus (Access Link Full Outdoor) radio equipment.
5.2 APPLICATIONS
ALFOPlus is the ideal solution in urban environments foe all carrier-class applications in which the typical
requirements are Ethernet connections:
ALFOPlus doesnt need any indoor unit; power supply can be directly by POE+ through the data cable or
through a dedicated auxiliary port. Its available 1+0 or 1+1 radio system configurable via software fol-
lowing two versions of ALFOPlus:
- 1x10/100/1000BaseT traffic port (in-band management is also available) with clock and syn-
chronism recovery
- 1x100/1000BaseX traffic port (In-Band management is also available) with clock and synchro-
nism recovery
- 1x100/1000BaseT supervision port with clock and synchronism recovery.
SIAE ALFOPlus radio system presents the same functionalities of a switch (Layer 2).
ALFOPlus radio system is able to forward Virtual LAN in transparent way or to manage incoming traffic fil-
tering it or tagging it or dividing it in different VLAN. Traffic Flow control and Traffic priority capabilities can
be enabled or disabled via LAN software.
Flexible QoS based on VLAN (IEEE 802.1p), MPLS Exp BIT, ToS/DSCP (IPV4 or IPV6) per Port,
802.1p rewrite with MPLS
Queue Packet with Drop Policy: Tail Drop, Queue Drop, Red, Wred/Strict, WFQ, Mixed
IEEE 802.3ad LACP - Link Aggregation Control Protocol or Trunking Line or Link Aggregation
5.3 PROGRAMMABILITY
ALFOPlus radio system is managed by a microprocessor that makes it totally programmable via software
to perform the following functions:
- Link ID
main management
- routing table
16
ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
operation and maintenance
- S/N measure
- back-up/restore configuration
- software update
- report&logger maintenance (inventory, faul, commands)
- SNTP alignment
- Tx transmitter OFF
- radio loop
synchronisation
- Tolerance 2dB
Tab.2 - Tx power
ALFOPlus series 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
6 27 27 25 25 23 23 23 23 23 22
7 27 27 25 25 23 23 23 23 23 22
11 26 26 24 24 22 22 22 22 22 21
13 26 26 24 24 22 22 22 22 22 21
15 26 26 24 24 22 22 22 22 22 21
18 21 21 19 19 17 17 17 17 17 16
23 21 21 19 19 17 17 17 17 17 16
26 20 20 18 18 16 16 16 16 16 15
28 19 19 17 17 15 15 15 15 15 14
32 18 18 16 16 14 14 14 14 14 13
38 17 17 15 15 13 13 13 13 13 12
42 15 15 13 13 11 11 11 11 11 10
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -95.5 -93.0 -89.5 -86.0 -84.5 -82.0 -78.5 -76.0 -73.0 -69.5
14 MHz -94.5 -91.0 -88.0 -84.5 -82.5 -80.0 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5 -66.5
28 MHz -91.5 -88.0 -84.5 -81.5 -80.0 -77.0 -74.0 -70.5 -68.0 -64.0
56 MHz -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5 -65.0 -60.5
6 GHz
-6
Radio Guaranteed @BER10
RSL threshold (dBm) Physical Mode
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -93.5 -91.0 -87.5 -84.5 -82.5 -80.0 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5
14 MHz -92.5 -89.0 -86.0 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -64.5
28 MHz -89.5 -86.0 -82.5 -79.5 -78.0 -75.0 -72.0 -68.5 -66.0 -62.0
56 MHz -86.5 -83.0 -79.5 -76.5 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5 -63.0 -58.5
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -95.5 -93.0 -89.5 -86.5 -84.5 -82.0 -78.5 -76.0 -73.0 -69.5
14 MHz -94.5 -91.0 -88.0 -84.5 -82.5 -80.0 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5 -66.5
28 MHz -91.5 -88.0 -84.5 -81.5 -80.0 -77.0 -74.0 -70.5 -68.0 -64.0
56 MHz -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5 -65.0 -60.5
7 GHz
Radio Guaranteed @BER10-6
RSL threshold (dBm) Physical Mode
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -93.5 -91.0 -87.5 -84.5 -82.5 -80.0 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5
14 MHz -92.5 -89.0 -86.0 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -64.5
28 MHz -89.5 -86.0 -82.5 -79.5 -78.0 -75.0 -72.0 -68.5 -66.0 -62.0
56 MHz -86.5 -83.0 -79.5 -76.5 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5 -63.0 -58.5
18
ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
Radio Normal @BER10-6
RSL threshold (dBm) Physical Mode
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -95.0 -92.5 -89.0 -86.0 -84.0 -81.5 -78.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.0
14 MHz -94.0 -90.5 -87.5 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.0
28 MHz -91.0 -87.5 -84.0 -81.0 -79.5 -76.5 -73.5 -70.0 -67.5 -63.5
56 MHz -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.0
11 GHz
Radio Guaranteed @BER10-6
RSL threshold (dBm) Physical Mode
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -93.0 -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0
14 MHz -92.0 -88.5 -85.5 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.0
28 MHz -89.0 -85.5 -82.0 -79.0 -77.5 -74.5 -71.5 -68.0 -65.5 -61.5
56 MHz -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.0
7 MHz -95.0 -92.5 -89.0 -86.0 -84.0 -81.5 -78.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.0
14 MHz -94.0 -90.5 -87.5 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.0
28 MHz -91.0 -87.5 -84.0 -81.0 -79.5 -76.5 -73.5 -70.0 -67.5 -63.5
56 MHz -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.0
13 GHz
-6
Radio Guaranteed @BER10
RSL threshold (dBm) Physical Mode
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -93.0 -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0
14 MHz -92.0 -88.5 -85.5 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.0
28 MHz -89.0 -85.5 -82.0 -79.0 -77.5 -74.5 -71.5 -68.0 -65.5 -61.5
56 MHz -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.0
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -95.0 -92.5 -89.0 -86.0 -84.0 -81.5 -78.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.0
14 MHz -94.0 -90.5 -87.5 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.0
28 MHz -91.0 -87.5 -84.0 -81.0 -79.5 -76.5 -73.5 -70.0 -67.5 -63.5
56 MHz -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.0
15 GHz
Radio Guaranteed @BER10-6
RSL threshold (dBm) Physical Mode
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -93.0 -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0
14 MHz -92.0 -88.5 -85.5 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.0
28 MHz -89.0 -85.5 -82.0 -79.0 -77.5 -74.5 -71.5 -68.0 -65.5 -61.5
56 MHz -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.0
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -94.5 -92.0 -88.5 -85.5 -83.5 -81.0 -77.5 -75.0 -72.0 -68.5
14 MHz -93.5 -90.0 -87.0 -83.5 -81.5 -79.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.5 -65.5
28 MHz -90.5 -87.0 -83.5 -80.5 -79.0 -76.0 -73.0 -69.5 -67.5 -63.0
56 MHz -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5 -64.0 -59.5
18 GHz
Radio Guaranteed @BER10-6
RSL threshold (dBm) Physical Mode
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -92.5 -90.0 -86.5 -83.5 -81.5 -79.0 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5
14 MHz -91.5 -88.0 -85.0 -81.5 -79.5 -77.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.5 -63.5
28 MHz -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -77.0 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5 -65.0 -61.0
56 MHz -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -73.5 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5 -62.0 -57.5
7 MHz -94.5 -92.0 -88.5 -85.5 -83.5 -81.0 -77.5 -75.0 -72.0 -68.5
14 MHz -93.5 -90.0 -87.0 -83.5 -81.5 -79.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.5 -65.5
28 MHz -90.5 -87.0 -83.5 -80.5 -79.0 -76.0 -73.0 -69.5 -67.5 -63.0
56 MHz -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5 -64.0 -59.5
23 GHz
-6
Radio Guaranteed @BER10
RSL threshold (dBm) Physical Mode
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -92.5 -90.0 -86.5 -83.5 -81.5 -79.0 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5
14 MHz -91.5 -88.0 -85.0 -81.5 -79.5 -77.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.5 -63.5
28 MHz -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -77.0 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5 -65.0 -61.0
56 MHz -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -73.5 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5 -62.0 -57.5
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -94.0 -91.5 -88.0 -85.0 -83.0 -80.5 -77.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.0
14 MHz -93.0 -89.5 -86.5 -83.0 -81.0 -78.5 -75.0 -72.0 -69.0 -65.0
28 MHz -90.0 -86.5 -83.0 -80.0 -78.5 -75.5 -72.5 -69.0 -66.5 -62.5
56 MHz -87.0 -83.5 -80.0 -77.0 -75.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.0 -63.5 -59.0
26 GHz
Radio Guaranteed @BER10-6
RSL threshold (dBm) Physical Mode
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -92.0 -89.5 -86.0 -83.0 -81.0 -78.5 -75.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.0
14 MHz -91.0 -87.5 -84.5 -81.0 -79.0 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -67.0 -63.0
28 MHz -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.5
56 MHz -85.0 -81.5 -78.0 -75.0 -73.0 -70.5 -67.5 -64.0 -61.5 -57.0
20
ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
Radio Normal @BER10-6
RSL threshold (dBm) Physical Mode
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -93.5 -91.0 -87.5 -84.5 -82.5 -80.5 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5
14 MHz -92.5 -89.0 -86.0 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -64.5
28 MHz -89.5 -86.0 -82.5 -79.5 -78.0 -75.0 -72.0 -68.5 -66.0 -62.0
56 MHz -86.5 -83.0 -79.5 -76.5 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5 -63.0 -58.5
28 GHz
Radio Guaranteed @BER10-6
RSL threshold (dBm) Physical Mode
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -91.5 -89.0 -85.5 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5
14 MHz -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -80.5 -78.5 -76.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.5 -62.5
28 MHz -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5 -64.0 -60.0
56 MHz -84.5 -81.0 -77.5 -74.5 -72.5 -70.0 -67.0 -63.5 -61.0 -56.5
7 MHz -92.0 -89.5 -86.0 -83.0 -81.0 -78.5 -75.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.0
14 MHz -91.0 -87.5 -84.5 -81.0 -79.0 -76.5 -73.0 -70.0 -67.0 -63.0
28 MHz -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.5
56 MHz -85.0 -81.5 -78.0 -75.0 -73.0 -70.5 -67.5 -64.0 -61.5 -57.0
32 GHz
-6
Radio Guaranteed @BER10
RSL threshold (dBm) Physical Mode
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -90.0 -87.5 -84.0 -81.0 -79.0 -76.5 -73.0 -70.5 -67.5 -64.0
14 MHz -89.0 -85.5 -82.5 -79.0 -77.0 -74.5 -71.0 -68.0 -65.0 -61.0
28 MHz -86.0 -82.0 -79.0 -76.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.5
56 MHz -83.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.0 -71.0 -68.5 -65.5 -62.0 -59.5 -55.0
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -92.5 -90.0 -86.4 -83.5 -81.5 -79.0 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5
14 MHz -91.5 -88.0 -85.0 -81.5 -79.5 -77.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.5 -63.5
28 MHz -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -77.0 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5 -65.0 -61.0
56 MHz -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -73.5 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5 -62.0 -57.5
38 GHz
Radio Guaranteed @BER10-6
RSL threshold (dBm) Physical Mode
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -90.5 -88.0 -84.5 -81.5 -79.5 -77.0 -73.5 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5
14 MHz -89.5 -86.0 -83.0 -79.5 -77.5 -75.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.5 -61.5
28 MHz -86.5 -83.0 -79.5 -76.5 -75.0 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5 -63.0 -59.0
56 MHz -83.5 -80.0 -76.5 -73.5 -71.5 -69.0 -66.0 -62.5 -60.0 -55.5
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -91.5 -89.0 -85.5 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5
14 MHz -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -80.5 -78.5 -76.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.5 -62.5
28 MHz -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5 -64.0 -60.0
56 MHz -84.5 -81.0 -77.5 -74.5 -72.5 -70.0 -67.0 -63.5 -61.0 -56.5
42 GHz
Radio Guaranteed @BER10-6
RSL threshold (dBm) Physical Mode
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -89.5 -87.0 -83.5 -80.5 -78.5 -76.0 -72.5 -70.0 -67.0 -63.5
14 MHz -88.5 -85.0 -82.0 -78.5 -76.5 -74.0 -70.5 -67.5 -64.5 -60.5
28 MHz -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5 -62.0 -58.0
56 MHz -82.5 -79.0 -75.5 -72.5 -70.5 -68.0 -65.0 -61.5 -59.0 -54.5
- Net bit rate (RF channel spacing) depending on modulation type (see Tab.4)
Bandwidth 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz 9.295 10.872 16.225 21.080 24.483 30.293 36.102 41.912 47.763 53.572
14 MHz 16.393 22.025 32.870 42.705 49.599 61.368 71.137 84.906 96.759 108.529
28 MHz 32.956 44.279 66.081 85.854 99.713 123.373 147.034 170.694 194.524 218.185
56 MHz 65.912 88.558 132.161 171.708 199.425 246.746 294.068 341.389 389.048 436.369
22
ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
Tab.5 - Go-return frequency
Frequency band
Duplex Spacing Channel number Subbands
(GHz)
6L ITU-R F.383-8 and CEPT REC 14-01E - 252.04 MHz 3CH @ 29.65MHz 4
11 CEPT T/R 12-06 and ITU-R F387-10 - 490/530 MHz 4CH @ 40MHz 3
18 ITU-R F.595 - CEPT REC T/R 12-03 - 1010 MHz 12CH @ 27.5MHz 3
23 ITU-R F.637-3 - Annex 3 CEPT T/R 13-02 - 1008 MHz 11CH @ 28MHz 2
26 ITU-R F.748 - Annex 1 and CEPT T/R 13-02 - 1008 MHz 16CH @ 28MHz 2
32 ITU-R F.1520 and CEPT Rec (01)02 - 812 MHz 10CH @ 28MHz 3
38 ITU-R F.749 and CEPT Rec T/R 12-01 - 1260 MHz 20CH @ 28MHz 2
- Safety EN60950
254 mm
157 mm
24
ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
Inband management (without VLAN)
payload + 1 1 1 1 1
ALFO ALFO ALFO ALFO
manag.
Plus
1 1 1
payload 1 1
ALFO ALFO ALFO ALFO
2 2 2
manag. 2 Plus Plus Plus
Plus
payload (VLANx) +
manag. (VLANy) 1 1 1 1 1
ALFO ALFO ALFO ALFO
Plus Plus Plus Plus
25
6 DESCRIPTION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF
ALFOPLUS
6.1 GENERAL
SIAE ALFOPlus is a radio system for digital link in full outdoor mechanics.
ALFOPlus (Access Link Full Outdoor) microwave radio system is available in various frequency ranges from
6 to 42 GHz.
The Outdoor Unit can be easily installed and configured owing to its:
reduced size
low consumption.
The first description given in the following first concerns the circuitry common to all the versions, then that
of the line interfaces will follow.
6.2 DESCRIPTION
The ALFOPlus consists of two PCB housed in a small size aluminium cabinet:
or
The description that follows (see Fig.16 and Fig.17) details the block diagrams of electrical and optical ver-
sion.
26
ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
6.2.1 Baseband processor
The baseband Processor unit (BBP) carries out the following operations:
I, Q demodulator
Rx baseband filtering
Actuators and measurement points for TRx unit
FPGA
Controller
I, Q modulator
frequency synthesizer
IF devices on Rx side
6.2.3 Firmware
Equipment software permits to control and manage all the equipment functionality and it is distributed on
two hardware levels: main controller and ODU peripheral controllers.
Firmware can be updated through the Web Lct and it is stored in two different memory benches: one con-
taining the running firmware and the other the stand-by firmware. This permits to download a new
firmware release to the stand by bench without cutting the traffic
Use Bench Switch to activate the bench in stand-by (SW restart will be performed).
The Web Lct is a web interface software already present in the ALFO Plus, which requires Adobe Flash Play-
er and allows the configuration and the management of the local radio, using LAN Port Management. When
the remote one is configured properly, the whole link can be managed (left side=local radio and right
side=remote radio). WEB Lct runs on any browser (Internet Explorer, Firefox etc....).
Web Lct console is a free software downlodable from the site www.siaemic.com after registration.
Inside ALFOPlus is present an Ethernet switch with 2 external ports line side (electrical 10/100/1000BaseT
or optical 100/1000BaseFX), one internal radio port and one port towards controller (see Fig.8).
Internal port is represented by the local radio stream where through native Ethernet transport is connected
with the remote equipment.
Microcontroller
Ethernet
packet switch
10/100BaseT Port A
LAN1 1000BaseT Radio
1+0
10/100/1000BaseT
LAN2
Switch function
ALFOPlus can operate like a switch between two or more separated LANs with the following advantages:
to connect two separate LANs
to keep separated the traffic into two LANs towards MAC filtering to get a total traffic greater than
the traffic in a single LAN.
By default the routing works on basis Mac Address (Layer 2), but it can be enabled on basis VLAN ID, in
Web Lct - Ethernet switch (Enh) - Common Parameters.
The operation is the following: when a LAN port receives a MAC frame, on the basis of destination address,
it decides which LAN to send it:
otherwise the frame is sent to all ports with the same VLAN ID (flooding).
With electrical interface, in Web Lct - Baseband - Lan, Speed/Duplex can be manually or automatically
activated as half Duplex or Full Duplex 10/100/1000Base-T, while with optical interface, Speed Duplex can
be set as Full Duplex 100/1000Base-X.
Link Loss Forwarding (LLF) is an alarm status of Ethernet interface. LLF can be enabled or disabled.
If LLF is enabled, any linkdown alarm will generate the alarm status of Ethernet interface blocking any
transmission to it. LLF can be enabled for each ports.
With LLF enabled the equipment connected (routers, switches so on) can be notified that radio link is not
available and can temporarily re-route the traffic.
28
ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
MDI/MDIX cross-over
For each LAN interface, cross-over cable can be set in Web Lct - Baseband - Lan - Cable Crossover as:
Automatic - Lan recognizes automatically the connected cable type (Straight cable or Crossover ca-
ble)
VLAN functionality
ALFOPlus works with IEEE 802.1q and 802.1p tag. Tag is made up with:
Switch cross-connections are based on Vlan Configuration Table where input and output ports or only out-
put ports should be defined for any used VID. Vlan ID (VID) has a range from 1 to 4095.
A network device asks its adjacent devices to send a pause frame because the input is faster it can process.
The protocol used for this purpose is the flow control (802.2x).
6.2.6 Synchronisation
Into ALFOPlus a synchronisation circuit, called SincE and defined by the standard G.8264, gets the syn-
chronisation signal from the following different sources:
LAN1
LAN2
radio
Internal source
As shown in Fig.9 the clocks extracted from the sources are sent to a selection circuit that chooses one of
the signals depending on the control sent by a selection logic.
This latter acts on the base of alarm roots (Synch Loss, Synch Drift, Holdover Freerunning), on the base
of assigned priority, manual forcing and preferential switch.
The selected clock drives an oscillator through a PLL circuit. The oscillator will generate the required syn-
chronisation for the frame generation. If no input signals are available the internal oscillator source is used
for the local restart.
Force Switch
Priority Control
Preferential Switch
ACM profiles
In ALFOPlus radio family uses Adaptive Code and Modulation (ACM) in order to employ the correct modu-
lation profile depending on the Rx signal quality.
4QAM strong
4QAM
16QAM strong
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
512QAM
1024QAM (optional).
14 MHz
30
ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
28 MHz
56 MHz
ACM switching
The usage of the previous modulation profiles in a fixed channel bandwidth results in a variable capacity.
The criteria defining the necessity of an ACM switching, upshift or downshift, is the Rx S/N ratio.
Upshift - When there is an increase of received S/N, within the same Channel Spacing, the modu-
lation complexity is increased in the direction from 4QAM strong to 1024QAM increasing the spectral
efficiency
Downshift - When there is a decrease of received S/N, within the same Channel Spacing, the mod-
ulation is reduced in the direction from 1024QAM to 4QAM strong reducing the spectral efficiency,
In order to configure properly the radio link using ACM facility, an optimization must be found between
max traffic during good propagation conditions and max availability during bad propagation conditions. To
obtain this purpose the ACM in ALFOPlus family can be configured via software setting the following pa-
rameters: ACM setting and Tx Power mode.
ACM setting
The ACM can vary modulation profiles between two extremes defined by the operator through software
configuration: Upper Modulation and Lower Modulation.
Upper modulation - When propagation into the given radio channel is in the better condition (high
Rx S/N), the radio link is working at the maximum throughput defined at Upper Modulation: the
highest modulation profile that ACM can employ
Lower modulation - When propagation into the given radio channel is in the worst condition (low
Rx S/N), the radio link is working at the minimum throughput, defined at Lower Modulation: the
lowest modulation profile that ACM can employ
Tx Power Ramp
Tx Power Ramp function permits to set Tx power according to the available modulation profiles.
Tx Power Ramp Disabled - Tx power is the same at any modulation profile
The Tx Power Ramp is set depending on the modulation license of the user and depending on the Lower
Modulation that has been set.
The Automatic Transmission Power Control (ATPC) regulates the RF output power of the local transmitter
depending on the value of the RF level at the remote terminal. This value has to be preset from the local
terminal as threshold high and low. The difference between the two thresholds must be equal or higher
than 3 dB.
As soon as the received level crosses the preset threshold level low due to the increase of the hop atten-
uation, a microprocessor (P), embedded in the ALFOplus, at the receiver side of the remote terminal
sends back to the local terminal a control to increase the transmitted power.
A good set of the thresholds is to put the ATPC Low Level threshold higher (or even slightly higher) than
the threshold of the highest modulation scheme of the ACM; this way, the ATPC start to work before than
the received signal is reduced and by consequence will force the system to downgrade the modulation. The
behaviour of the system is to always try to increase the PTX and so the System Gain, before than being
forced to reduce capacity a modulation.
Threshold
highest ACM
profile
ACM
range
PTx max.
ATPC range
PTx min.
6.3 LOOPS
To control the equipment correct operation a set of local and remote loops are made available. The com-
mands are forwarded by the WEBLCT program. The available loop facilities are:
Baseband loop
ALFO Plus
BBP-GE RADIO
BASE
BAND
LOOP RF Loop
32
ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
6.4 ALARM SYSTEM
through LEDs
through SCT/WebLCT
Alarm associated to ALFOPlus can be classified in different groups. Names and composition of these groups
as well as association between alarm classes and relay contact can be defined by the customer.
Alarms are divided into 4 severity levels according to the effects that an alarm might cause to the regular
operation of the unit detecting it. Levels are prioritised as follows:
minor (failure neither urgent nor remote, high residual functionality), not urgent alarm
warning (failure neither urgent nor remote, high indication or wrong configuration), not urgent
alarm
Critical and Major alarms indicate impossibility of executing a service, hence the faulty units needs to be
serviced. Minor level represents the not urgent alarms which do not prejudice service continuity. Warning
level indicates malfunctions that might be locally removed without having to replace the unit.
Alarm classification can be modified via SCT/WebLCT operator. A short description is given for each alarm
in Alarms section with relevant class.
The visual indication is given by a LED, which can be green or red. The information provided are:
Red light:
Green light:
Tab.6 - Tx power
ALFOPlus series 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
6 27 27 25 25 23 23 23 23 23 22
7 27 27 25 25 23 23 23 23 23 22
11 26 26 24 24 22 22 22 22 22 21
13 26 26 24 24 22 22 22 22 22 21
15 26 26 24 24 22 22 22 22 22 21
18 21 21 19 19 17 17 17 17 17 16
23 21 21 19 19 17 17 17 17 17 16
26 20 20 18 18 16 16 16 16 16 15
28 19 19 17 17 15 15 15 15 15 14
32 18 18 16 16 14 14 14 14 14 13
38 17 17 15 15 13 13 13 13 13 12
42 15 15 13 13 11 11 11 11 11 10
34
ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
Tab.7 - Receiver thresholds (Interleave enabled)
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -95.5 -93.0 -89.5 -86.0 -84.5 -82.0 -78.5 -76.0 -73.0 -69.5
14 MHz -94.5 -91.0 -88.0 -84.5 -82.5 -80.0 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5 -66.5
28 MHz -91.5 -88.0 -84.5 -81.5 -80.0 -77.0 -74.0 -70.5 -68.0 -64.0
56 MHz -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5 -65.0 -60.5
6 GHz
Radio Guaranteed @BER10-6
RSL threshold (dBm) Physical Mode
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -93.5 -91.0 -87.5 -84.5 -82.5 -80.0 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5
14 MHz -92.5 -89.0 -86.0 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -64.5
28 MHz -89.5 -86.0 -82.5 -79.5 -78.0 -75.0 -72.0 -68.5 -66.0 -62.0
56 MHz -86.5 -83.0 -79.5 -76.5 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5 -63.0 -58.5
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -95.5 -93.0 -89.5 -86.5 -84.5 -82.0 -78.5 -76.0 -73.0 -69.5
14 MHz -94.5 -91.0 -88.0 -84.5 -82.5 -80.0 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5 -66.5
28 MHz -91.5 -88.0 -84.5 -81.5 -80.0 -77.0 -74.0 -70.5 -68.0 -64.0
56 MHz -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5 -65.0 -60.5
7 GHz
Radio Guaranteed @BER10-6
RSL threshold (dBm) Physical Mode
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -93.5 -91.0 -87.5 -84.5 -82.5 -80.0 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5
14 MHz -92.5 -89.0 -86.0 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -64.5
28 MHz -89.5 -86.0 -82.5 -79.5 -78.0 -75.0 -72.0 -68.5 -66.0 -62.0
56 MHz -86.5 -83.0 -79.5 -76.5 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5 -63.0 -58.5
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -95.0 -92.5 -89.0 -86.0 -84.0 -81.5 -78.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.0
14 MHz -94.0 -90.5 -87.5 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.0
28 MHz -91.0 -87.5 -84.0 -81.0 -79.5 -76.5 -73.5 -70.0 -67.5 -63.5
56 MHz -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.0
11 GHz
Radio Guaranteed @BER10-6
RSL threshold (dBm) Physical Mode
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -93.0 -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0
14 MHz -92.0 -88.5 -85.5 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.0
28 MHz -89.0 -85.5 -82.0 -79.0 -77.5 -74.5 -71.5 -68.0 -65.5 -61.5
56 MHz -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.0
7 MHz -95.0 -92.5 -89.0 -86.0 -84.0 -81.5 -78.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.0
14 MHz -94.0 -90.5 -87.5 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.0
28 MHz -91.0 -87.5 -84.0 -81.0 -79.5 -76.5 -73.5 -70.0 -67.5 -63.5
56 MHz -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.0
13 GHz
-6
Radio Guaranteed @BER10
RSL threshold (dBm) Physical Mode
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -93.0 -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0
14 MHz -92.0 -88.5 -85.5 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.0
28 MHz -89.0 -85.5 -82.0 -79.0 -77.5 -74.5 -71.5 -68.0 -65.5 -61.5
56 MHz -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.0
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -95.0 -92.5 -89.0 -86.0 -84.0 -81.5 -78.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.0
14 MHz -94.0 -90.5 -87.5 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.0
28 MHz -91.0 -87.5 -84.0 -81.0 -79.5 -76.5 -73.5 -70.0 -67.5 -63.5
56 MHz -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.0
15 GHz
Radio Guaranteed @BER10-6
RSL threshold (dBm) Physical Mode
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -93.0 -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -82.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0
14 MHz -92.0 -88.5 -85.5 -82.0 -80.0 -77.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.0
28 MHz -89.0 -85.5 -82.0 -79.0 -77.5 -74.5 -71.5 -68.0 -65.5 -61.5
56 MHz -86.0 -82.5 -79.0 -76.0 -74.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.0
36
ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
Radio Normal @BER10-6
RSL threshold (dBm) Physical Mode
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -94.5 -92.0 -88.5 -85.5 -83.5 -81.0 -77.5 -75.0 -72.0 -68.5
14 MHz -93.5 -90.0 -87.0 -83.5 -81.5 -79.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.5 -65.5
28 MHz -90.5 -87.0 -83.5 -80.5 -79.0 -76.0 -73.0 -69.5 -67.5 -63.0
56 MHz -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5 -64.0 -59.5
18 GHz
Radio Guaranteed @BER10-6
RSL threshold (dBm) Physical Mode
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -92.5 -90.0 -86.5 -83.5 -81.5 -79.0 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5
14 MHz -91.5 -88.0 -85.0 -81.5 -79.5 -77.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.5 -63.5
28 MHz -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -77.0 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5 -65.0 -61.0
56 MHz -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -73.5 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5 -62.0 -57.5
7 MHz -94.5 -92.0 -88.5 -85.5 -83.5 -81.0 -77.5 -75.0 -72.0 -68.5
14 MHz -93.5 -90.0 -87.0 -83.5 -81.5 -79.0 -75.5 -72.5 -69.5 -65.5
28 MHz -90.5 -87.0 -83.5 -80.5 -79.0 -76.0 -73.0 -69.5 -67.5 -63.0
56 MHz -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5 -64.0 -59.5
23 GHz
-6
Radio Guaranteed @BER10
RSL threshold (dBm) Physical Mode
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -92.5 -90.0 -86.5 -83.5 -81.5 -79.0 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5
14 MHz -91.5 -88.0 -85.0 -81.5 -79.5 -77.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.5 -63.5
28 MHz -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -77.0 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5 -65.0 -61.0
56 MHz -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -73.5 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5 -62.0 -57.5
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -94.0 -91.5 -88.0 -85.0 -83.0 -80.5 -77.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.0
14 MHz -93.0 -89.5 -86.5 -83.0 -81.0 -78.5 -75.0 -72.0 -69.0 -65.0
28 MHz -90.0 -86.5 -83.0 -80.0 -78.5 -75.5 -72.5 -69.0 -66.5 -62.5
56 MHz -87.0 -83.5 -80.0 -77.0 -75.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.0 -63.5 -59.0
26 GHz
Radio Guaranteed @BER10-6
RSL threshold (dBm) Physical Mode
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -92.0 -89.5 -86.0 -83.0 -81.0 -78.5 -75.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.0
14 MHz -91.0 -87.5 -84.5 -81.0 -79.0 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -67.0 -63.0
28 MHz -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.5
56 MHz -85.0 -81.5 -78.0 -75.0 -73.0 -70.5 -67.5 -64.0 -61.5 -57.0
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -93.5 -91.0 -87.5 -84.5 -82.5 -80.5 -76.5 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5
14 MHz -92.5 -89.0 -86.0 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -64.5
28 MHz -89.5 -86.0 -82.5 -79.5 -78.0 -75.0 -72.0 -68.5 -66.0 -62.0
56 MHz -86.5 -83.0 -79.5 -76.5 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5 -63.0 -58.5
28 GHz
Radio Guaranteed @BER10-6
RSL threshold (dBm) Physical Mode
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -91.5 -89.0 -85.5 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5
14 MHz -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -80.5 -78.5 -76.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.5 -62.5
28 MHz -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5 -64.0 -60.0
56 MHz -84.5 -81.0 -77.5 -74.5 -72.5 -70.0 -67.0 -63.5 -61.0 -56.5
7 MHz -92.0 -89.5 -86.0 -83.0 -81.0 -78.5 -75.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.0
14 MHz -91.0 -87.5 -84.5 -81.0 -79.0 -76.5 -73.0 -70.0 -67.0 -63.0
28 MHz -88.0 -84.5 -81.0 -78.0 -76.5 -73.5 -70.5 -67.0 -64.5 -60.5
56 MHz -85.0 -81.5 -78.0 -75.0 -73.0 -70.5 -67.5 -64.0 -61.5 -57.0
32 GHz
-6
Radio Guaranteed @BER10
RSL threshold (dBm) Physical Mode
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -90.0 -87.5 -84.0 -81.0 -79.0 -76.5 -73.0 -70.5 -67.5 -64.0
14 MHz -89.0 -85.5 -82.5 -79.0 -77.0 -74.5 -71.0 -68.0 -65.0 -61.0
28 MHz -86.0 -82.0 -79.0 -76.0 -74.5 -71.5 -68.5 -65.0 -62.5 -58.5
56 MHz -83.0 -79.5 -76.0 -73.0 -71.0 -68.5 -65.5 -62.0 -59.5 -55.0
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -92.5 -90.0 -86.4 -83.5 -81.5 -79.0 -75.5 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5
14 MHz -91.5 -88.0 -85.0 -81.5 -79.5 -77.0 -73.5 -70.5 -67.5 -63.5
28 MHz -88.5 -85.0 -81.5 -78.5 -77.0 -74.0 -71.0 -67.5 -65.0 -61.0
56 MHz -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -73.5 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5 -62.0 -57.5
38 GHz
Radio Guaranteed @BER10-6
RSL threshold (dBm) Physical Mode
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -90.5 -88.0 -84.5 -81.5 -79.5 -77.0 -73.5 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5
14 MHz -89.5 -86.0 -83.0 -79.5 -77.5 -75.0 -71.5 -68.5 -65.5 -61.5
28 MHz -86.5 -83.0 -79.5 -76.5 -75.0 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5 -63.0 -59.0
56 MHz -83.5 -80.0 -76.5 -73.5 -71.5 -69.0 -66.0 -62.5 -60.0 -55.5
38
ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
Radio Normal @BER10-6
RSL threshold (dBm) Physical Mode
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -91.5 -89.0 -85.5 -82.5 -80.5 -78.0 -74.5 -72.0 -69.0 -65.5
14 MHz -90.5 -87.0 -84.0 -80.5 -78.5 -76.0 -72.5 -69.5 -66.5 -62.5
28 MHz -87.5 -84.0 -80.5 -77.5 -76.0 -73.0 -70.0 -66.5 -64.0 -60.0
56 MHz -84.5 -81.0 -77.5 -74.5 -72.5 -70.0 -67.0 -63.5 -61.0 -56.5
42 GHz
Radio Guaranteed @BER10-6
RSL threshold (dBm) Physical Mode
Channel spacing 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz -89.5 -87.0 -83.5 -80.5 -78.5 -76.0 -72.5 -70.0 -67.0 -63.5
14 MHz -88.5 -85.0 -82.0 -78.5 -76.5 -74.0 -70.5 -67.5 -64.5 -60.5
28 MHz -85.5 -82.0 -78.5 -75.5 -74.0 -71.0 -68.0 -64.5 -62.0 -58.0
56 MHz -82.5 -79.0 -75.5 -72.5 -70.5 -68.0 -65.0 -61.5 -59.0 -54.5
Bandwidth 4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 512QAM 1KQAM
7 MHz 9.295 10.872 16.225 21.080 24.483 30.293 36.102 41.912 47.763 53.572
14 MHz 16.393 22.025 32.870 42.705 49.599 61.368 71.137 84.906 96.759 108.529
28 MHz 32.956 44.279 66.081 85.854 99.713 123.373 147.034 170.694 194.524 218.185
56 MHz 65.912 88.558 132.161 171.708 199.425 246.746 294.068 341.389 389.048 436.369
Channel size
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 256LQAM 512QAM 1KQAM
(MHz)
7 1.100 1.083 1.069 1.064 1.060 1.056 1.054 1.052 1.051 1.049
14 0.649 0.641 0.634 0.632 0.629 0.627 0.626 0.626 0.625 0.624
28 0.329 0.325 0.321 0.320 0.319 0.318 0.318 0.317 0.317 0.316
56 0.170 0.168 0.166 0.166 0.165 0.164 0.164 0.164 0.164 0.163
Channel size
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 256LQAM 512QAM 1KQAM
(MHz)
7 1.148 1.120 1.095 1.088 1.078 1.071 1.068 1.065 1.063 1.060
14 0.674 0.660 0.648 0.644 0.639 0.636 0.634 0.633 0.632 0.630
28 0.342 0.335 0.329 0.327 0.324 0.323 0.322 0.322 0.321 0.321
56 0.177 0.174 0.171 0.169 0.169 0.168 0.167 0.167 0.167 0.167
Channel size
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 256LQAM 512QAM 1KQAM
(MHz)
7 1.247 1.194 1.146 1.132 1.114 1.101 1.095 1.089 1.087 1.081
14 0.723 0.697 0.674 0.666 0.658 0.652 0.649 0.646 0.645 0.641
28 0.367 0.354 0.342 0.339 0.335 0.332 0.331 0.330 0.329 0.327
56 0.191 0.185 0.179 0.177 0.175 0.173 0.172 0.172 0.172 0.171
Channel size
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 256LQAM 512QAM 1KQAM
(MHz)
7 1.438 1.338 1.247 1.218 1.185 1.163 1.151 1.139 1.133 1.124
14 0.820 0.770 0.725 0.712 0.695 0.684 0.678 0.672 0.669 0.664
28 0.418 0.393 0.371 0.364 0.356 0.350 0.347 0.345 0.343 0.341
56 0.218 0.206 0.195 0.191 0.187 0.185 0.183 0.181 0.181 0.179
Channel size
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 256LQAM 512QAM 1KQAM
(MHz)
7 1.824 1.628 1.450 1.395 1.329 1.284 1.261 1.238 1.228 1.208
14 1.014 0.917 0.830 0.803 0.770 0.748 0.737 0.725 0.721 0.711
28 0.519 0.470 0.426 0.414 0.397 0.386 0.380 0.375 0.372 0.368
56 0.272 0.248 0.227 0.220 0.212 0.206 0.203 0.200 0.200 0.197
40
ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
Channel size
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 256LQAM 512QAM 1KQAM
(MHz)
7 2.193 1.905 1.644 1.562 1.466 1.400 1.367 1.333 0.001 1.289
14 1.200 1.058 0.929 0.890 0.842 0.809 0.792 0.776 0.768 0.754
28 0.615 0.544 0.480 0.460 0.436 0.420 0.412 0.404 0.399 0.393
56 0.324 0.289 0.257 0.247 0.235 0.227 0.223 0.219 0.219 0.214
Channel size
4SQAM 4QAM 16SQAM 16QAM 32QAM 64QAM 128QAM 256QAM 256LQAM 512QAM 1KQAM
(MHz)
7 8.570 6.698 5.001 4.471 3.844 3.417 3.196 2.975 2.874 2.692
14 4.418 3.493 2.655 2.394 2.048 1.873 1.764 1.655 1.606 1.516
28 2.284 1.824 1.407 1.277 1.123 1.018 0.964 0.910 0.885 0.840
56 1.227 0.997 0.789 0.724 0.646 0.594 0.567 0.540 0.528 0.505
Ethernet interface
To have Ethernet switch enhanced you need to set Ethernet Enh as Present in Web Lct - Equipment Menu
- Equipment - Configuration; this allows to have the new features in the Ethernet switch menu and Lan
interfaces. In the following a description of the advanced features:
Packet Compression
Link Aggregation (IEEE 802.3ad) Load Balancing
SNMP V3
ALFOPlus allows to limit the ingress traffic rate on the basis of:
LAN port (Bandwidth profile per UNI): a different profile is defined for each LAN port (VLAN ID and
priority are not considered in this case by the rate limiting algorithm)
VLAN (Bandwidth Profile per EVC): a different profile is defined for different VLANs (priority is not
considered in this case by the rate limiting algorithm). Up to 64 VLAN can be managed with different
profiles
VLAN+priority (Bandwidth Profile per CoS): a different profile is defined for different couples
VLAN+priorities (up to 64 different cases can be managed). In this case the packet priority is always
considered by the rate limiting algorithm. More than one priority can be included in the same band-
width profile.
In general different criteria can be defined for each port/VLAN/priority. Up to 64 Ingress Filtering Policy
resources can be defined and each bandwidth profile defined on the basis either of LAN port, VLAN or
VLAN+priority consumes 1 of such resources.
In order to define the bandwidth profile, the following parameters must be configured:
CIR (Committed Information Rate:) it is admitted ingress rate (green coloured), with values be-
tween 0kbit/s and 1 Gbit/s
CBS (Committed Burst Rate): it is the maximum size of the token bucket of the green packets, with
values between 0 byte and 256 kbyte.
EIR (Excess Information Rate): it is maximum ingress rate eventually admitted (yellow coloured),
with values between 0 kbit/s and 1 Gbit/s
EBS (Excess Burst Rate): it is maximum size of the token bucket of the yellow packets, with values
between 0 byte and 256 kbytes
CF (Coupling Flag): if enabled, the excess token eventually charged into the green bucket are
moved into the yellow packet bucket.
Red packets, i.e. the ones exceeding the CIR+EIR rate, are automatically discarded.
The combination of CIR and EIR rates is typically referred to as PIR, or Peak Information Rate, which
represents the total burstable bandwidth sold to the customer.
According to MEF 10.2 (Metro Ethernet Forum) specifications, the bandwidth profile service attribute (In-
put Filter Policing), which includes some or all of the above categories, can be defined per UNI, per EVC or
per CoS identifier (CoS ID; EVC.CoS). For any given frame, however, only one such model can apply. The
service provider meets the bandwidth guarantees by reserving appropriate network resources and employ-
ing a two-rate/three-colour (trTCM) rate-limitation methodology as part of its traffic engineering policy to
ensure compliance by user traffic.
Green = Trasmitted: CIR and CBS.
For any port it is possible to add a Input Filter Policy table with this selections:
Disable
42
ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
According the status of 802.1q Management> 802.1q settings =
Disable: you can select only Uni Port Based with CIR, EIR, CBS and EBS; Cf disable is ok.
Fallback: two selections 1) EVC C_Vid Based: applied to a CVLAN C_Vid with CIR, EIR, CBS and
EBS; Cf disable is ok. 2) COS C_Vid + Priority Based: applied to a CVLAN C_Vid with priority range,
CIR, EIR, CBS and EBS; Cf disable is ok.
Secure: two selections 1) EVC S_Vid/C_Vid Based: applied to a SVLAN S_Vid and a CVLAN C_Vid
with CIR, EIR, CBS and EBS; Cf disable is ok. 2) COS S_Vid/C_Vid + Priority Based: applied to a
SVLAN S_Vid and CVLAN C_Vid with priority range, CIR, EIR, CBS and EBS; Cf disable is ok.
Into ALFOPlus there is a total of 64 instances of Input Filter Policing for all the four ports into any radio port.
Into same port same CVID can be reused but with different priority.
The ALFOPlus scheduler provides enhanced QoS management features. based on the ingress port (and op-
tionally also as a function of the LAN-ID), there are four different modes that can be used to set the priority
of an Ethernet frame:
Ethernet: the priority is set based on the PCP (Priority Code Point) field of the VLAN tag
(IEEE802.1p) (Native 802.1p C_Vid)
MPLS: the priority is set based on the EXP (Experimental Bit) field of the PLS tag (Native MPLS)
IP: the priority is set based on the DSCP field of the either IPv4 or IPv6 (Native ToS/DSCP)
Default: the priority is set in a static mode and its value is configurable based on the VLAN ID. The
Default mode is also used when all the other criteria are not applicable (Port Default).
It is in addition possible to map the EXP quality of the MPLS label into the PCP field of the outer VLAN tag
(802.1p Rewrite with MPLS). Once the priority is assigned, the packet is sent to one of the 8 output queues.
The size of each one of the 8 queues is configurable with one value between the following four options:
128kbit, 256kbit, 512kbit and 1024kbit.
On the basis of the filling status of the queue, different drop-policy can be applied. In ALFOPlus there are
four available policies:
Tail drop: if the packet is arriving into a full queue, it will be discarded
Queue drop: if a new packet is arriving into a full queue, the whole queue is emptied (with the ex-
ception of the head packet)
RED: when a new packet is arriving into the queue it has a discarding-probability that is function of
the filling status of the queue. the relation between the probability and the queue status is defined
by means of a SW configurable curve. If the queue is full, the new packet is discarded with proba-
bility 1 (like in the Tail drop case).
WRED: it is similar to RED, with the difference that for each queue two drops curves are defined.
the packet in ingress is coloured according to MEF 10.2, i.e.e according to the CIR and EIR ingress
filtering policy defined. As a consequence, WRED can be chosen only if CIR/EIR Ingress filtering pol-
icy is enabled for the ingress port. Once coloured, red packets are always discarded, while green
and Yellow packets are managed according to different curves.
the traffic in the queues is then emptied by means of either Strict priority or Weighted Fair Queue algo-
rithm. With the Strict Priority the highest priority takes always precedence. With WFQ the available band-
width is shared between the different priorities with configurable weights. It is in addition possible to
configure at the same time some queues as Strict Priority and the remaining as WFQ.
RED (Random Early Drop): no packet are dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reaches
Smin(G, Green), packets are dropped randomly until a percentage of Pmax and an Occupation %
of Smax(G) limits are reached, all packets are dropped over an Occupation % higher than Smax(G);
RED Gentle (Enable): no packets are dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reaches Smin(G,
Green); with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smin(G) and lower than Smax(G), packets
are dropped randomly with a percentage defined by the straight line between Smin(G)/0 and
Smax(G)/Pmax(G); with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smax(G) the percentage of ran-
domly dropped packets is defined by the straight line between Smax(G)/Pmax(G) and Sgentle(G)/
100%;
WRED (Weighted Random Early Drop): Weighted RED is a two line RED; one line for Green packets,
one line for Yellow packets; Green and Yellow are defined by CIR and EIR into Input Filtering Policy
(Lan1,2,3,4);
no green packet is dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reaches Smin(G, Green);
no yellow packet is dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reaches Smin (Y, Yellow);
with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smin(G) and lower than Smax(G) green packets are
dropped randomly with a percentage defined by the straight line between Smin(G)/0 and Smax(G)/
Pmax(G);
with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smin(Y) and lower than Smax(Y) yellow packets are
dropped randomly with a percentage defined by the straight line between Smin(Y)/0 and Smax(Y)/
Pmax(Y);
all green packets are dropped over an Occupation % higher than Smax(G);
all packets are dropped over an Occupation % higher than Smax(Y);
WRED Gentle (Enable): Weighted RED is a two line RED; one line for Green packets, one line for
Yellow packets; Green and Yellow are defined by CIR and EIR into Input Filtering Policy
(Lan1,2,3,4);
for Green packets no packet is dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reaches Smin(G);
with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smin(G) and lower than Smax(G) green packets are
dropped randomly with a percentage defined by the straight line between Smin(G)/0 and Smax(G)/
Pmax(G);
with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smax(G), the percentage of dropped green packets
is defined by the straight line between Smax(G)/Pmax(G) and Sgentle(G)/100%;
for Yellow packets no packet is dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reaches Smin(Y);
with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smin(Y) and lower than Smax(Y) green packets are
dropped randomly with a percentage defined by the straight line between Smin(Y)/0 and Smax(Y)/
Pmax(Y);
with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smax(Y), the percentage of dropped green packets
is defined by the straight line between Smax(Y)/Pmax(Y) and Sgentle(Y)/100%;
WRED and WRED Gentle are very efficient to get the most from the radio link available traffic avoiding the
stop and go behaviour (SAW trend) typical of congested TCP/IP traffic.
Warning: RED and WRED impact only TCP/IP traffic, not UDP traffic.
44
ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
Ethernet Frame Fragmentation
QoS preserve High priority traffic, by giving them precedence during traffic congestions. However, in case
of real time traffic also latency and jitter are important factors. Latency is strictly related to the line speed
and usually can be managed by designing the network topology in a proper way (e.g. by limiting the max-
imum number of hops in link chains). Jitter is instead a more sensitive parameter because it depends on
the traffic conditions.
In fact, when a High priority packet has to be sent over the radio link it is scheduled on a High Priority
queue. However, before to be sent over the radio link it has to wait that the packet currently in transmis-
sion (also a Best Effort packet) will be entirely sent. This waiting time can considerably change depending
on the best effort packet size (from 64bytes to 1518 bytes of even more in case of jumbo frames). One
technique used to mitigate this phenomenon is packet fragmentation, i.e. longer frames are subdivided in
smaller fragments at Tx side. A label is added to the packet in order to number these subframes. At Rx
side the original frame is rebuilt after all the fragments are received. In this way, the maximum waiting
time for a High Priority packet is reduced to the sub-frame size (some hundreds of bytes), providing sen-
sitive benefits to the packet jitter.
ALFOPlus allows to fragment Ethernet frames with two options: 256 or 512 Bytes.
VLAN rewriting
VLAN rewriting is a feature available on radio side that allows to rewrite the VID of C-TAG of the packet
received (uplink side) or sent (downlink side) by the switch.
On uplink side (packets received by the switch) the VID can be rewritten on the basis of the following cri-
teria:
- LAN port + C-VID: new values of C-VID to be written into the packet can be configured on the basis
of its original C-VID and the LAN port where it has been received.
- LAN port + C-VID + priority: new values of C-VID to be written into the packet can be configured
on the basis of its original C-VID + priority and the LAN port where it has been received.
On uplink side it is possible to configure for all the LAN ports up to 64 LAN port + C-VID or LAN port + C-
VID + priority criteria.
On downlink side (packets sent by the switch) the VID can be rewritten on the basis of the C-VID of the
received packet. I.e., new values of C-VID to be written into the packet can be configured on the basis of
its original C-VID. It is possible to configure up to 64 C-VID criteria in downlink, independently by the uplink
configuration.
VLAN staking (also named QinQ) is a feature that allows an Ethernet frame to include more than one IEEE
802.1Q TAG. The scope of VLAN staking is to differentiate the traffic at different levels when the packets
must cross networks managed by different entities.
The ALFOPlus radio supports the Vlan staking. Once a packet enters into the radio it is possible to add a
new IEEE 802.1Q TAG. The VID of the new TAG can be set based on different criteria:
- C-VID and priority of the packet when received on the ingress port
The new TAG is added to the packet as a S-TAG. The Ethertype field of the TAG can be set either to stand-
ard values (0x88A8, 0x9100, 0x9200, 0x9300) or to any other custom values.
ALFOPlus provides header packet compression. This feature allows to compress the packet header by
transmitting over the radio link proprietary labels in place of long and repetitive header field.
ALFOPlus Single layer Packet Compression supports the following protocols: Ethernet, MPLS, IPv4/IPv6,
UDP and RTP and LTE S1 interface tunnelling. This latter cover the case of LTE eNodeB backhauling on S1
interface, where the eUE traffic (either IPv4 or IPv6) is enveloped into a GTP-U tunnel. the Header com-
pressed in this case includes (IPv4+UDP+GTP-U of the S1 interface)+(IPv4/IPv6+UDP+RTP of the eUE
traffic inserted into the tunnel).
When enabled, the user can select which header have to be compressed considering the following maxi-
mum limits:
the total header field size after internal coding cannot exceed 118 bytes. the internal coding is re-
quired by ALFOPlus in order to perform the compression task.
In Fig.13 are detailed the different header fields that can be selected with their weight in terms of header
field size and header field size after internal coding.
46
ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
Header field
Header
size after
field size
internal coding
(Bytes)
(Bytes)
C-TAG (802.1Q) +4 +2
Q-in-Q (802.1ad) - -
+(4*n) +(2*n)
Max number of S-TAG (from 1 to 2) (default=1)
MAC-in-MAC (802.1ah)
+22 +18
MPLS - -
+(4*n) +(4*n)
Max number of MPLS labels (from 1 to 3), PW included (default=1)
IP+ - -
UDP
+8 +8
RTP
+12 +12
+100 +99
Tunneling OPv4 - IPv4/IPv6(IPv4+UDP+GTP-U+IPv4/IPv6+UDP+RTP)
Link Aggregation (LAG) is a feature available on SIAE ALFOPlus equipment that allows assigning up to 2
physical links to one logical link (trunk) that functions as a single, higher-speed Ethernet link.
SIAE ALFOPLus support IEEE802.3ad LAPC (Link Aggregation Control Protocol). LACP allows a network de-
vice to negotiate an automatic bundling of links by sending LACP packets to the peer (directly connected
device that also implements LACP). In addition to the increased capacity of the logical link, LACP provides
additional advantages:
Failover detection when a link fails, allowing for a trunk reconfiguration in order to avoid systematic
packet loss (after the reconfiguration the packets will be lost only if the throughput exceed the trunk
capacity)
it introduces an agreement between the two LACP peers before the staring of data transmission over
the trunk. This prevent anomalous behaviour in case of cabling or configuration mistakes.
A Line Trunk can aggregate up to 2 LAN interfaces with the following restrictions:
all the LAN interfaces must be defined with the same speed (either 10, 100 or 1000 Mbit/s)
When a Trunk is defined on SIAE ALFOPlus, the end-to-end traffic is transmitted over all the aggregated
lines. As a result, the overall capacity of the trunk can be theoretically equal to the number of aggregated
lines multiplied by the capacity of a single line. In the example of Fig.14, two full duplex - 100Mbit/s con-
nection are grouped into the same trunk, carrying all the capacity in transit from a radio link to another.
In this configuration, the theoretical maximum capacity that can transit on this trunk is 200 Mbit/s.
ALFOPlus ALFOPlus
Line
trunking
To enable the Link Aggregation on both interfaces (LAN1 and LAN2), select the group Enable - Trunk1 or
Enable - Trunk2 or Enable - Trunk3 or Enable - Trunk4 in Web Lct - STP/ELP trunking menu.
ELP (Ethernet Line Protection) is a feature available on ALFOPlus that allows to protect a GE interface
against cable failure or accidental disconnection. With ELP it is possible to connect an ALFOPlus to another
network element by using two GE interfaces. Both interfaces are active but just one is enabled to forward
and receive traffic (forwarding state), while the other does not allow any traffic to pass (blocking state). If
the forwarding interface goes down, the other one passes to the forwarding state. The typical switching
time is around 1.5sec. This feature does not imply the use of any protocol, but is simply based on the status
of the physical interfaces. As a consequence, no particular protocol support is required on the connected
equipment: it is simply required to enable the two GE interfaces.
It is recommended to disable any Spanning Tree protocol on the external equipment: this could cause long-
er traffic recovery times.
To enable the Ethernet Line Protection on both interfaces (LAN1 and LAN2), select the group Enable -
Prot1 or Enable - Prot2 in Web Lct - STP/ELP trunking menu.
This protocol can be used in any point-to-point Ethernet link. The aim of this protocol is to check and mon-
itor the functionality of the service that the provider guarantees on the network.
The Service Layer OAM fully monitors a customer End-to-End Ethernet Service. Two main standards cover
this topic, the IEEE 802.1ag and ITU-T Y.1731.
48
ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
The IEEE 802.1ag provides CFM (Connectivity Fault Management) useful for detecting, isolating and re-
porting connectivity faults. The ITU-T Y.1731 Standard comprehends the CFM plus some additional fea-
tures, like RDI (Remote Defect Indicator) that allows to report back to the start of the chain the Alarm
message.
SIAE ALFOPlus supports CFM according to both standards ITU-T Y.1731 and 802.1ag.
The IEEE 802.1ag and the ITU-T Y.1731 are End-to-End service, i.e. provides the tools to monitor the Eth-
ernet Service regardless of the layers, Network Path and operators. Since the spectrum of application can
include many applications a more hierarchical structure is needed.
Maintenance Domains (MD): these specify the Domains of operators, users and service providers.
Levels from 0 to 7 are possible depending on the type of service to be monitored. Customer Domain
is the higher which includes both ends of the Ethernet service (from one End user to the other End
user), Standard Default values for Customer Domain are 7, 6 and 5. Service Provider Domains
should have a MD lower than the Customer Domain since include the whole network except the End
Users. Standard default values for Provider Domains are 3 and 4. Operator Domains are lower than
Service Provider Domains since just a part of the network is included. Standard Default values for
operator domains are 0, 1 and 2. Here follows a picture explaining the hierarchical structure of Main-
tenance Domains.
ALFOPlus: each interface can be configured as MEP, Port A interface (radio interface) included. Once
chosen the interface, depending on the network topology, the direction of the MEP has to be spec-
ified. Two Directions are possible, MEP and MEP . With MEP configured the OAM PDUs
are sent from the interface in the direction outside the equipment, i.e. the OAM PDUs are sent from
the interface on the cable toward next equipment. With MEP configured the OAM PDUs are sent
from the interface toward the inside of the equipment and will follow the VLAN table previously con-
figured. MEPs are distinguished from each other through a MEP ID, therefore MEPs belonging to
same MA must have different MEP Ids.
In order to configure a MIP the MA has to be habilitated on the equipment. Up to 32 MIPs or MEPs
can be configured on each equipment.
The protocols belonging to the Connectivity Fault Management implemented in SIAE equipment are follow-
ing listed:
Continuity Check Protocol: this protocol enables the sending of a periodic message (like a Heartbeat
message) which enables the other MEPs deployed in the network to distinguish the status of a vir-
tual connection. This massage can only be originated by a MEP.
ALFOPlus: is adjustable with 1s, 10s, 1min, 10min. These messages do not trigger any automatic
reply from the destination entity.
LoopBack Protocol: it resembles an IP PING message; once this message is sent (e.g. MEP1 sends
a Loopback Message to MEP2). MEP2 replies to MEP1 confirming therefore the status of the connec-
tion. This is done to check the status of the connection between the MEP originating the message
and the MEP/MIP to which the message is addressed. This message can only be originated from one
MEP and can be addressed to both MEPs or MIPs.
ALFOPlus: the number of Loopback Messages in ALFOPlus equipment is adjustable from 1 to 5 con-
secutive Loopbacks. In each equipment, it is possible fro each MEP to check the presence of other
MEPs in the same MA. This is done through the Remote MEP application which allows this acknowl-
edgement and distinguishes the other MEP through means of MEP IDs and MAC address.
Link Trace Protocol: this protocol sends a message similar to the LoopBack protocol. Every equip-
ment that is reached by this message will answer to the sender providing its own MAC Address. In
this way the sender is able to understand of which equipment the MA is composed. E.g. a MEP sends
the Link Trace Message to another MEP belonging to the same maintenance association. The MIPs
that are eventually deployed in the middle of the path will forward this message and answer to the
initiating MEP with their own MAC Address. By doing so the initiating MEP knows the OAM-devices
deployed in the path and their order.
Remote Defect Indicator: this feature allows a MEP, in presence of a fault or a defect, to send a RDI
to inform the other MEPs, belonging to the same MA, of the presence of this Defect. The advantages
of this procedure are to avoid multiple Alarms created by the same cause and to be able to check
the status of other Remote MEPs. This RDI information is reported in the Continuity Check Message.
ALFOPlus: this feature is present in ALFOPlus equipment and the presence of this alarm can be
checked as well in the Remote MEPs screen on the equipment.
As an example, lets consider a network where a sequence of 18 SIAE ALFOPlus Radio links is deployed. In
this case a Maintenance Domain, a VLAN and a Maintenance association have to be defined. The VLAN car-
ring the traffic has to be added in the VLAN table of each equipment.
ALFOPlus: in SIAE ALFOPlus equipment one MaintenanceDomain can be specified. At each end of
the Maintenance Domain two MEPs (Maintenance End Point) will be specified. The MEPs are mark-
ers that defies the end of a domain and are in charge of originating OAM frames. In a domain also
MIPs (Maintenance Intermediate Points) can be specified. The MIPs are passive check-points. The
MEPs and MIPs configurations are discussed in details in the following points. The choice of the do-
main and the Domain Label (name) is left to the user. Particular attention must be paid to use the
same MD label in each equipment where the MD is specified, i.e. different equipment with same
value of MD domain but different MD labels belongs to different Domains.
CE PE PE CE
Access Operator 1 Operator 2 Access
Network Core Network Core Network Network
High Level
Low Level
MEP MIP MIP MEP
Operator 2
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ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
A Maintenance Association (MA) is one association which correlates the VLAN to the MD in which
the MEPs and MIPs have to be defined.
ALFOPlus: when a specified traffic needs to be mentioned, then it is necessary to relay the VLAN to
a Domain and to the corresponding MEPs or MIPs through the MA. Before creating the Maintenance
Association, the VLAN, either S-VLAN or C-VLAN, has to be specified in the VLAN Table. In each
SIAE equipment it is possible to set up to 32 different MA. Particular attention must be paid to use
the same MA label in each equipment where the MA is specified, i.e. different MA labels on the same
VLAN correspond to different MA associations.
At the Edge of a MD there are MEPs (Maintenance End Points) and in the middle there could be MIPs
(Maintenance Intermediate Points). MEPs are the units in charge of managing the CFM to correctly
monitor the status of the Ethernet service provided. MIPs are passive check-points that answer to
pollings coming from MEPs. MEPs will forward OAM messages coming from higher domains and will
discard OAM messages generated from lower domains.
Two MEPs at the end of the chains and a variable number of MIPs in the middle has to be defined with
Continuity Check Message (CCM) enabled.
In case of defect or Ethernet problem, the Continuity Check Message will result in an Inactive status trig-
gering one Alarm. By logging on one MEP it is sufficient to configure the Loopback message, and Link Trace
Message correctly detects the location of the Bottleneck or defect related to this traffic. If more than one
VLAN is present then more than one MAC has to be defined.
ALFOPlus unit is compatible with standard POE + IEEE 802.at (with exceeding maximum power). Power
supply can be provided at the main port (GE) or at an auxiliary separated connector.
Power supply must be at least 33V. As critical application example, 2 pairs of CAT-5e cable (AWG 24 - 8.4
Ohm) allow the power supply on a 100m length with at least 40.8V (48V - 15%) only if the consumption
is not higher than 33 W.
In any case, for other different needs, a dedicated auxiliary port (5 pin connector) provides power supply
48Volt (see Fig.24). For installation, please use rugged and waterproof cable.
6.5.4 Size
6.5.5 Weights
MII
ADC C
Aux Pwr Supply
PWM
Fig.16 - ALFOPlus GE
Microcontroller
LO
Main DC/DC,
Aux DC/DC ADC Vga Filter Down converter,
DEM
RAM SSD Filter Agc
ADC Vga
QSPI
ADC
MII
ADC C
Pwr Supply
PWM
Fig.17 - ALFOPlus GO
Microcontroller
LO
Main DC/DC,
Aux DC/DC ADC Vga Filter Down converter,
DEM
RAM SSD ADC Vga Filter Agc
53
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ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
Section 3.
INSTALLATION
ALFOPlus equipment is a full-outdoor IP Ethernet radio link system operating in the frequency ranges 15,
18, 23 or 38 GHz, for transport capacity up to 500 Mbit/s, designed to establish LAN-LAN connections. For
the details related to the actual used frequency band refer to the label on the equipment.
The system is provided with an integral antenna; however, in case its antenna is not used, it should be
connected to an antenna conforming to the requirements of ETSI EN 302 217-4-2 for the relevant frequen-
cy band.
Class 2 radio equipment subject to Authorisation of use. The equipment can operate only at the fre-
quencies authorised by the relevant National Authority.
The deployment and use of this equipment shall be made in agreement with the national regulation
for the Protection from Exposure to Electromagnetic Field.
The symbol indicates that, within the European Union, the product is subject to separate collec-
tion at the product end-of-life. Do not dispose of these products as unsorted municipal waste. For more
information, please contact the relevant supplier for verifying the procedure of correct disposal.
- use of filters on the power supply input circuits against noise propagating on the power supply
wires
during the installation phase
The installation phases of the whole system are described in the following paraghaphs.
ODU grounding.
Align the four holes of the coupling kit with the four nut screws on the ODU. Insert and tighten the four
screws.
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ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
7.4 INSTALLATION ONTO THE POLE OF THE ODU WITH INTEGRAT-
ED ANTENNA
M10 bolts
Install the antenna using the antenna installation guide (specific for each antenna) inside the antenna box
provided by antenna producer. Keep attention to the polarization of the antenna feeder depending on re-
quested polarization.
After the antenna is installed onto the pole, the ODU must be installed, see Fig.19.
Position the three holes circular flange (1) on the antenna flange and align the three holes on the
circular flange with the three relevant holes on the antenna flange
Insert and tighten the three 3mm M4 Allen screws (2) using a 3mm Allen wrench (torque = 2 Nm)
Screw partially the four M10 bolts (3) on the antenna back plate: each bolt should be tightened to
have the square head out of the hole of about 13-14mm (the thickness of hook (4), use 15mm span-
ner)
Apply silicone grease (e.g. RHODOSIL PATE 4) to the O-ring, protecting fingers with gloves, and
insert in the proper track on the ODU flange
Position the ODU (5) vertically near the four bolts on the antenna flange and align the ODU to match
the polarization of the antenna feeder:
- vertical polarization: the handle (6) of the ODU is at the bottom left corner
- horizontal polarization: the handle (6) of the ODU is at the bottom right corner
After the right position has been found, rotate 30 counter clockwise the ODU and approach the
ODU to the antenna flange in order to have the four slots of the Standard Lock cross between the
four bolts
Rotate 30 clockwise the ODU to hook each slots on the relevant bolt
When each slot is firmly hooked on the relevant bolt, tighten each bolt (use 15mm spanner,
torque=46mm)
Optional: sun cover kit - Insert the sun cover and tie one of its bottom holes to the ODU handle by
means of the black plastic strip included in the sun cover kit
The ODU is ready to be connected to the IDU-ODU cable and to the grounding cable.
Install the antenna using the antenna installation guide (specific for each antenna) inside the antenna box
by antenna producer.
Keep attention to the polarization of the antenna feeder depending on requested polarization.
After the antenna is installed onto the pole, follow the procedure below, see Fig.20.
Position the three holes circular flange (1) on the antenna flange and align the holes on the circular
flange with the relevant holes on the antenna flange
Insert and tighten the three 3mm M4 Allen screws (2) using a 3mm Allen wrench (torque = 2mm)
Prepare the polarization disk (see Fig.21) with the two O-rings: silicone grease e.g RHODOSIL PATE
4 must be applied to the O-ring, protecting fingers with gloves; each O-ring must be inserted in
the proper track on each surface of the disk
Mount always (with vertical and with horizontal polarization) the polarization disk on the hybrid
flange (antenna side) as shown in Fig.21 and tighten the four screws (only three screws in 13 GHz
and 15 GHz hybrid). The polarization disk must br oriented depending on requested polarization by
antenna feeder (position V or H as shown in Fig.21. Torque values as in Tab.10.
Supporting plate, fixing bracket with M10 130mm bolts (with washer, spring and nut)
Supporting plate, fixing bracket with M10 130mm bolts (with washer, spring and nut)
M10 25mm bolts for hybrid and ODUs mounting
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7.5.1.1 1+0 ODU with separated antenna
See Fig.22.
Position the supporting plate (1) on the pole and fix the rear bracket (2) to it by means of the four
130 mm M10 bolt (3) with relevant washers, springs and nuts (use 15mm spanner, torque =
46Nm).
Fix the antenna side flange (4) with the proper screws (in Fig.22 the antenna flange is shown in two
different positions depending on the polarization), the screw holes side is the side where the
waveguide must be installed.
On the supporting plate, on the opposite side respect to the antenna flange just mounted, insert in
holes (5) on the supporting plate the four 25mm M10 bolts (3): screw them partially, each bolt
should be tightened to have the square head out of the hole of about 13-14 mm (the thickness of
hook (4), use 15mm spanner).
Apply silicon grease (e.g. RHODOSIL PATE 4) to the O-ring, protecting fingers with gloves, and
insert it in the proper track on the ODU flange.
Position the ODU vertically near the four bolts on the supporting plate and align the ODU to match
the polarization of the antenna flange:
- vertical polarization: the handle of the ODU is at the bottom left corner
- horizontal polarization: the handle of the ODU is at the bottom right corner
After the right position has been found, rotate 30 counter clockwise the ODU and approach the
ODU to the supporting plate in order to have the four slots of the Standard Lock cross between the
four bolts
Rotate 30 clockwise the ODU to hook each slots on the relevant bolt
When each slot is firmly hooked on the relevant bolt, tighten each bolt (use 15 mm spanner, torque
=46 Nm).
Mount the hybrid on the back of the antenna by means of four M10 bolts (4) (torque = 46 Nm)
Screw partially four M10 bolts (4) on the hybrid flange (ODU side): each bolt should be tightened
to have the square head out of the hole of about 13-14 mm, use 15 mm spanner
Apply silicon grease (e.g. RHODOSIL PATE 4) to the O-ring, protecting fingers with gloves, and
insert in the proper track on the ODU flange
Position the ODU (5) vertically near the four bolts on the antenna flange and align the ODU to match
the polarization of the antenna feeder: horizontal polarization must be used, the handle (6) of the
ODU is at the bottom right corner
After the right position has been found, rotate 30 counter clockwise the ODU and approach the
ODU to the antenna flange in order to have the four slots (7) of the Standard Lock cross between
the four bolts on the hybrid
Rotate 30 clockwise the ODU to hook each slots on the relevant bolt
When each slot is firmly hooked on the relevant bolt, tighten each bolt (use 15 mm spanner, torque
= 46Nm)
Optional: sun cover kit - Insert the sun cover and tie one of its bottom holes to the ODU handle by
means of the black plastic strip included in the sun cover kit
Optional: sun cover kit. Insert the sun cover and tie one of its bottom holes to the ODU handle by
means of the black plastic strip included in the sun cover kit
Now the ODU is ready to be connected to the IDU-ODU cable and to the grounding cable.
See Fig.23.
Position the supporting plate (1) on the pole and fix the rear bracket (2) to it by means of the four
130 mm M10 bolt (3) with relevant washers, springs and nuts (use 15 mm spanner, torque = 46
Nm)
Mount the hybrid (4) on the back of the antenna by means of four 25 mm M10 bolts (5) (use 15
mm spanner with torque = 46 Nm) in the holes (6) (see Fig.19).
Screw partially four 25 mm M10 bolts positioning them in the holes (7) on the hybrid flange (ODU
side): each bolt should be tightened to have the square head out of the hole of about 13-14 mm,
use 15 mm spanner
Apply silicon grease e.g. RHODOSIL PATE 4 to the O-ring, protecting fingers with gloves, and insert
in the proper track on the ODU flange
Position the ODU vertically near the four bolts on the antenna flange and align the ODU to match
the polarization of the antenna feeder: horizontal polarization must be used, the handle of the ODU
is at the bottom right corner
After the right position has been found, rotate 30 counter clockwise the ODU and approach it to
the antenna flange in order to have the four slots of the Standard Lock cross between the four bolts
on the hybrid
Rotate 30 clockwise the ODU to hook each slots on the relevant bolt
When each slot is firmly hooked on the relevant bolt, tighten each bolt (use 15 mm spanner, torque
= 46 Nm)
Optional: sun cover kit - insert the sun cover and tie one of its bottom holes to the ODU handle by
means of the black plastic strip included in the sun cover kit
After having installed the ODU in 1+0 configuration or in 1+1 configuration, the waveguide towards the
antenna must be installed.
1+0: the waveguide must be fixed to the antenna flange on the supporting plate of the ODU. In
case of flexible waveguides, an excessive folding can damage the waveguide, see Tab.11 for details.
1+1: the waveguide must be fixed to the hybrid. In case of flexible waveguides, an excessive folding
can damage the waveguide, see Tab.11 for details.
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7.6 GROUNDING
The ODU must be connected to ground with the available grounding bolt and eyelet terminal, making ref-
erence to details of Fig.18.
a. Bending E-plane
Rmin/E
Bending E-plane
(short side of the section)
b. Bending H-plane
Rmin/H
Bending H-plane
(long side of the section)
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Fig.19 - 1+0 ODU installation
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Fig.21 - Polarization disk
114-60
3
5
2
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7.7 USER CONNECTORS
ALFOPlus provides two Amphenol connectors which guarantee Ethernet port compatibility for both version:
Gigabit electrical and optical.
The auxiliary 5 pin circular connector has various functions and it is used when:
the power over Ethernet injection through the data Lan cable is not available and it is necessary a
direct access to the radio
during the alignment of antenna (remember to enable Received Signal Strength Indicator in Equi-
pment Menu - General Preset RSSI)
in case of emergency, if ALFOPlus IP address is unknown, connect it with Serial Console 1, as shown
in Fig.24, using hyperterminal 115200 8, N, 1 and press any button to access at the login.
6
F03594
THERMOFIT 7 3
PIPE
COURSE
FROM TO COLOURS
4 BLACK WHITE/BROWN V- A3
RED 8
BLACK 4
THERMOFIT
PIPE
8.1 GENERAL
Operations involving the use of SCT/WebLCT are roughly described here. For further details please refer
to software manual.
8.2 SWITCH ON
antenna presence - check the connection between ODU output flange and antenna.
If everything is correct, switch on the ODU.
On the rear panel of ODU unit there is a transparent plastic window to see the status of an internal LED
dedicated to show unit alarms. Further information about ALFOPlus alarms can be found onto the chapter
ALFOPlus alarms and troubleshooting.
Colours status:
Red light
Green light
- Flashing No radio connection with remote ODU. In this case, if remote equipment is on and
properly oriented, it is necessary to check frequency, attenuation and link identifier (see parag.
First configuration.....) and to evaluate the alarm list with SCT/WebLCT software
1 with SCT or browser (internet explorer) type IP address stored previously (Factory Default is
1.0.0.1)
- User: system
- Password: siaemicr
1 Assign a static IP address (any) to PC and in Local area connection properties enable the box
Show icon in notification area when connected (see Fig.27)
3 Start SCT, connect using Local Area Network, press connect button, insert 1.0.0.1 IP address, user:
System, Password: siaemicr, without pressing OK button.
5 Wait some sec until the LAN symbol shows LAN connected and press OK button in SCT
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Fig.27 - IP address setting
To activate a radio link it is necessary to program the ODU in some basic items listed in the following:
Local Tx frequency
Remote Tx frequency
Local Tx power
Remote Tx power
Link identifier, Link Type (Modulation&Capacity): same parameters on local and on remote unit
Connect the PC to serial input of ALFOPlus (Service connector) and start the communication towards the
ODU microcontroller with SCT/WebLCT program.
Tx frequency setting
Equipment menu
Settings card: in this card you have to select Tx frequency; Rx frequency is shown and is set au-
tomatically.
Tx frequency to be set at remote radio is equal to local Rx frequency. Tx frequency can be set on single
unit or, if link is on service, on whole link. Please set the frequency according to your license.
Tx power setting
Equipment menu
Powers card: in this card you have to set Tx Level Max; in this card ATPC thresholds can be set:
Rx Level Min, Rx Level Max.
See Fig.29.
Equipment menu
In Mod. Cap/Link ID card, you can select Capacity and Modulation and set a Link Identifier.
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ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
Fig.29 - Link general setting (Modulation&Capacity, Local Link ID)
When radio link is on, antenna alignment can be optimized. Antenna alignment optimization is performed
depending on the Rx signal power at local and remote equipment and evaluating both local and remote S/
N value maximizing them.
In order to get the Rx signal power level by means of software, connect the PC to serial input of ALFOPlus
(Service connector) and start the communication towards the ODU microcontroller with SCT/WebLCT su-
pervisory program.
Into SCT/WebLCT:
The card (or other cards of equipment menu), displays on right top the Rx signal power level see
Fig.30
Following this last procedure, the voltage youre reading with the voltmeter is proportional to Rx power
level, refer to Tab.12.
-20 4.68 5
-30 3.51 5
-40 2.34 3
-50 1.17 3
-60 0 3
-70 -1.17 3
-80 -2.34 3
-90 -3.51 5
-100 -4.68 5
Rx signal power level is the most important item to optimize the antenna alignment, but in a situation of
interference Rx level can be good, BER acceptable but BER margin low. This means that when Rx fields will
decrease then BER will increase fast. The situation can be easily shown with SCT/WebLCT software looking
at Signal Quality level.
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Fig.30 - Main menu with Rx signal power level
Antenna aiming
Antenna aiming devices allow to perform the following adjustments with respect to the starting aiming po-
sition:
- horizontal 15 operating on the nut (3) shown in Fig.33, only after having loosen
the nuts (7), (8), (9), (10) of Fig.34.
For vertical adjustment some markers, every 10, are available on support. The bigger marker gives 0
starting aiming position. Once the optimum aiming position is obtained, tighten firmly the four nuts (1),
(2), (11) of Fig.34 and (4) of Fig.33 for vertical adjustment and the four nuts (7), (8), (9), (10) of Fig.34
for horizontal adjustment. Tighten with 15 mm wrench and 32 Nm torque.
- grounding The grounding can be connected with the available bolt spring washer and
flat washers as shown.
Local ALFOPlus ODU and its remote ODU can be accessed at Service connector or LAN1 ports. Once the
radio link has been configured, connect to the local ODU and specify the network password too. SCT/We-
bLCT window shows also a field referred to the remote ODU:
double click on this field -> remote ODU is opened in monitor mode
if its necessary to act on remote ODU you have to login on remote ODU (IP address is known be-
cause you can read it from monitor windows).
8.8 FIRMWARE
The releases of ALFO firmware, downloadable by the operator, are listed in Fig.32.
Using SCT/WebLCT Software open Main menu, select Software info & Maintenance and in the window
shown in Fig.32 select Equipment Firmware and Download SW Setup.
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8.9 ADAPTIVE MODULATION
ALFOPlus ODUs implement an error free adaptive modulation algorithm to improve the system gain when
the quality of the received signal become insufficient to guarantee an error free link.
4SQAM 0 5.64 13
4SQAM 0 5.62 13
4SQAM 0 5.6 13
3
4
5 1
2
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ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
15 mm wrench 15 mm wrench
32 Nm torque 32 Nm torque
7
4 11 1 8
3
10
9 15 mm wrench
6 32 Nm torque
5 2
15 mm wrench
32 Nm torque
9.1 GENERAL
Basic alarms come from LEDs on the equipment and all the active alarms can be observed through SCT/
WebLCT.
In this document is present ALFOPlus alarm list and a description of the loop facilities provided into the
equipment.
9.2 ALARMS
Alarms can be pointed out through unit LEDs and/or through SCT/WebLCT software.
On the back of the ALFOPlus a small plastic window shows the status of an internal LED.
- Flashing No radio connection with remote ODU. In this case, if remote equipment is on and
properly oriented, it is necessary to evaluate the Alarm list with SCT/WebLCT software.
ALFOPlus TRU is microprocessor controlled and all the alarms are displayed through SCT/WebLCT program
running on a PC. Alarms are divided in classes to refer to a particular functionality and are characterized
by programmable severity.
Alarms, with class and a short description, are listed into Tab.14.
In the following you can find a class list and the item they describe:
Tab.14 - Alarms
Eth Lan Phy Master Slave Configura- Autonegotiation GBit Frame configuration
tion Fault failed
ETH LAN Eth Lan Phy Link Loss Forwarding Link loss in remote port
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pm G828 - 24H SepAlarm
Radio Rx Power Low Alarm Received power below the fixed threshold
RADIO
BaseBand Rx Alarm Set Low received power on base band
Radio Equip Link Telemetry Fail Alarm Telemetry failed to radio link missing
ALFO Plus
BBP-GE RADIO
BASE
BAND
LOOP RF Loop
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10 ALFOPLUS MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOT-
ING
10.1 GENERAL
In the following pages are listed all the procedures to follow for ALFOPlus maintenance.
When corrective maintenance is necessary, a troubleshooting procedure helps the operator to identify the
failure unit to replace it with a spare one.
10.2 MAINTENANCE
Periodical checks serve to detect correct radio performance without the presence of any alarm condition.
Corrective maintenance takes place as soon as one or more alarm conditions are in existence. Operation
sequence to be carried out is shown in Troubleshooting paragraph.
System routine maintenance consists in a series of routine checks aiming to verify correct operating mode
of an alarmfree system.
Corrective maintenance starts as soon as one or more alarm indication become active.
Corrective maintenance purpose is to locate the faulty unit and replace it with spare after having verified
that the cause of faulty is not external to the equipment.
Corrective maintenance does not include malfunction due to a wrong or incomplete configuration of the
system or to failure due to alarm indication system itself or any other cause external to the system, i.e.:
cabling damage, main voltage loss, antenna misalignment and propagation problems.
10.3 TROUBLESHOOTING
After this step alarms are caused by bad configuration and/or external causes.
Alarms can be pointed out through unit LEDs and/or through SCT/WebLCT software:
Unit LEDs
Near the circular connector of the ODU its shown the status of a LED, which can be green or red. The in-
formation provided are:
Red light
Green light
- Flashing No radio connection with remote ODU. In this case, if remote equipment is on and
properly oriented, it is necessary to evaluate the alarm list with SCT/WebLCT software.
SCT/WebLCT
Alarms are divided in classes to refer to a particular hardware or software functionality and are character-
ized by their programmable gravity.
A window with alarm classes list is available for local ODU (the unit PC is physically connected to) and for
remote ODU.
The presence of a current alarm is pointed out by SCT/WebLCT program, see software manual.
The presence of an historical alarm is pointed out in the event log window of SCT/WebLCT program (see
Fig.36 and Fig.37).
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ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
10.3.2 Troubleshooting of a faulty unit
Into SCT/WebLCT software, in Equipment menu select View Current Alarm menu.
In this window they are displayed the current alarm and their severity. Depending on which alarm classes
are active, following situation can arise.
ALFOPlus is made up by a single unit, the ODU. This is the minimum spare part.
One or more alarms inside the ODU hardware class are active
Every log window has to be inspected. In the window are present additional information about Sw
config alarm; if it is impossible to clear through restart, the unit is not able to work properly and
needs to be tested again in SIAE final test department.
With SCT/WebLCT program the alarm on the Remote ODU are displayed the same way as for the local one.
The above described troubleshooting can be carried out for the remote ODU too.
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Section 6.
PROGRAMMING AND
SUPERVISION
11.1 GENERAL
ALFOPlus is programmed and supervised using a software tool: SCT/WebLCT. This subject is fully described
in the separated software manual.
The provided structure for Ethernet traffic defines the management facilities of "ALFOplus" unit.
SWD
Switcing Device
Ge Aux port
Mgt
11.2.1 General
In general you suppose that the equipment performs the "host" functionality in an Ethernet network and
that supervisory network follows the traffic routing, eventually separated by "VLAN tag". The management
can be:
"In-band" by one or both traffic ports (with or without "VLAN tag")
"Out-of-band" by auxiliary port "Ge aux port" (without " VLAN tag")
The two modalities can be enabled at the same time, but the IP network address must be shared. If the
"In-band" management by "Ge main port" is provided with "VLAN tag", "Ge aux port" may extend the man-
agement network (without "VLAN tag") towards other units into the same site.
Supervisory network can be disable selectively line side and radio site.
Local access to the unit must be always guaranteed by "Ge aux port".
11.2.2 Configurations
The following supervision modalities, associated to the input ports, can be provided:
"In-band" by traffic ports "Ge main port" and "Ge aux port" (with or without "VLAN tag")
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ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
Tab.15 - Configurations
"Ge main port" management Function
"Ge aux port" can access to local controller and the port
"In-band-drop-node is considered as a node into the supervisory network
"in-band" (with VLAN tag)
The two configurations can be enabled at the same time. The transparent connection between "Ge main
port" and "Ge aux port" at different speed could cause undesired congestion situations for the traffic to-
wards the port with lower speed: this condition must be avoided by means of network dimensions.
The connection between the two ports line side is enabled only when the supervisory network "in-band"
uses a "VLAN tag" dedicated and therefore the traffic is assumed lower than the minimum band of the ports
line side.
Due to management and Ethernet maintenance (OAM), exigencies the controller must know the source
port of received frames and route properly the transmitted frames.
This modality allows the access to "ALFOplus" unit via "Ge main port" and "Ge aux port" in the easiest pos-
sible way, with frames without " VLAN tag" and therefore with IP domain shared. This modality can be used
if the user is IP addresses owner and so the equipment is inserted into a traffic network level 3 (IP routing).
For this reason, the Security management is defined by the operator using the function (Access Control
List).
Ge Main port
Ge Aux port
CPU
In order to limit the visibility of controller to the line side (c) rather than radio side (d), you can enable
or disable the paths indicated. The path (e) can be enabled only if both line sides are enabled to super-
vision (in-band) and are not in protection configuration (LAG or ELP).
This procedure allow the access of "ALFOplus" unit by "Ge main port" more safely, because the IP domain
is independent of payload traffic through dedicated "VLAN tag" (configurable). This mode can be used when
the user is owner of "VLAN tag" and the equipment is interposed in a level 2 network traffic (switching).
In that case the management routing is obtain to filtering of "VLAN tag".
Ge Main port
Ge Aux port
CPU
To reduce the visibility of the controller to line side (c), radio side (d) and extent supervision network
(f) you can enable or disable the paths indicated in filtering "VLAN tag". The path (e) can be enabled
only if both line ports, are enabled to "In-band" management.
In case of protection configuration through LAG or ELP, the path (e) cannot be enabled.
This particular way allows to introduce the supervision traffic "VLAN based In-band" (mandatory with
"VLAN tag") using "Ge Aux port" obligatorily without "VLAN tag". The line ports are linked together using
the filtering "VLAN tag" (set as tagged the default port "Ge aux port").
Ge Main port
Ge Aux port
MGT CPU
This mode allows the supervision of outdoor units placed in the same site, but excludes the possibility of
simultaneous monitoring "Out-of-band" in the network.
The insertion direction (on the line and radio side) can be selectively enabling or disabling the paths cor-
responding (c and d). This mode is not available in the case of interfaces in a secure configuration.
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ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
11.2.6 "Out-of-band" management
This mode allows the access to the local "ALFOplus" unit of frame without "VLAN tag" and the extension of
the supervision network to the remote terminal. The priority of management traffic is obtained with "VLAN
tag".
In remote terminal the payload and management traffic are again divided. This involves increasing the
length of traffic frame of four bytes.
Fe Aux port
Fe Aux port
CPU CPU
11.2.7 Configurability
The management mode of equipment affects the Ethernet Channel and on the Switch configuration (RSTP,
OAM, ). Therefore it is important to decide the optimal configuration of traffic Ethernet and management,
to avoid blocking traffic conditions.
11.2.8 Address
The unit uses a single IP address associated at the management port of controller and a single "default
gateway". Depending on the configuration of these addresses are visible from supervision "in-band" and
"Out-of-band".
In special cases is necessary a local connection mode via "Ge aux port" that allows the connection or the
acquisition of the address unit (eg MAC address or set the IP address or DHCP client).
The RESTORE OF CPU ACCESS command is available through Console port (round type connector) via
Hyperterminal (115200bps,n,8,1):
LAN1 disable
12 COMPOSITION
12.1 GENERALS
This document shows ALFOPlus system available versions with the relevant main specifications and char-
acteristics.
Different versions are identified by a label. This label contains the main characteristics of the equipment
(see Tab.16).
Code
ODU frequency
Go-return
RF Subband (L and H)
98
ALFOPlus - MN.00273.E - 001
GB 9726 ODU ALFOPlus 23 1200/1232 23 GHz 1L
The ALFOPlus system installation kit is concerning pole mounting of ODU according with the operating fre-
quency, dimensions and presence of the centring ring.
1+0 version
pole support system plus antenna (already assembled) and pole fixing brackets
N.1 13 mm spanner
N.2 17 mm spanner.
13 LIST OF FIGURES
Tab.2 - Tx power............................................................................................................17
Tab.6 - Tx power............................................................................................................34
Tab.15 - Configurations...................................................................................................93
For more information, refer to the section relevant to the technical support on the Internet site of the com-
pany manufacturing the product.