Tensile Testing Lab

MSE 250 Sec 009

Professor Eisenlohr
TA Pei Chen
02/02/2017
By

William Ham

Thomas Karbon

Xiaoxiong Cao

Zongsheng Su

Ashton Robinson
Introduction

The objective of this experiment was to analyze tensile testing property for one of

four materials: Aluminum 2024, Aluminum 6061, Galvanized steel, and 70/30 brass by

using tensile testing. The team picked the 70/30 brass as the experiment material. Two

samples were given by instructor. The samples were measured in length, width, and

thickness of the part of the sample being tested. The first sample was used to test the

yield stress and strain to fracture with force constantly increasing until fracture. The

second sample was to demonstrate stress hardening. In order to do this, pick up two

intermediary strain values in the plastic deformation regime and used as stopping

points. Do the tensile test for sample 2 when the data reach first, second stopping point

and finally strain to failure. Measure width, thickness and gage length for each run of

sample 2. Measure width and length for both sample fracture parts after the sample was

failure.
 Procedure

Equipment requirements: Tensile test machine Instron Model #5982, Caliper and ruler

1. Label two brass bar with 1 and 2

2. Measure geometry of samples and gage length with caliper and ruler
3. Mount sample 1 in the tensile test machine Instron Model #5982, input the geometry

data, balance the load and start the experiment in order to strain until failure. Measure

the width and thickness for the fracture part

4. Record the yield and strain to fracture for the first sample
5. Use the first sample data, pick up two intermediary strain values in the plastic

deformation regime as the stop point to investigate.

6. Set sample 2 in the tensile test machine, reload the first sample data
7. Strain the sample until the new data reach the first stopping point. Lower the crossbar

until the force observed by the load cell is equal to 80N. Release the sample bar from

tensile testing machine

8. Measure the permanent extension remaining after the unloading: width, thickness and

gage length
9. Reinstall sample 2 in the tensile test machine, strain the sample until the new data

reach the second stopping point. Repeat step 7 and 8. Record data.
10. Reinstall sample 2 in the tensile test machine, strain the sample until failure
11. Measure the width and thickness for the sample 2 fracture part

Results
 Figure 1. Run 1 to Run 4

Figure 2. True stress vs strain for all materials

 Figure 3. Engineering Stress vs Strain for all materials

Figure 4. Engineering Stress vs strain for Brass with Plastic hardening

 Figure 5. Brass Stress vs Strain

Initial length: 2.9 inch Final:3.87 inch

Initial width: .495 inch Final: .363 Inch

Initial thickness: .064 inch Final:.041 Inch

Discussion

After it had fractured, the test sample surface was not too rough and it shaped irregular.

Each fractured sample showed arched on top with little inclination and two separate

parts could no longer be put together again. The angle of inclination about fifteen to

twenty degrees compare with original surface, the midpoint of original part and fractured

are different because of length change.

By larger force, it will cause cross-sectional area getting smaller and finally breaks.

Cross-sectional area getting smaller in a very short time, the fractured sample top and

bottom will move during larger force so it cause little curve on plot.
 The percentage of elongation is 33%, and percentage of reduction in area is 53.02%.

Conclusion

Analysis of the 70/30 brass alloy sample was done and generated multiple graphs

identifying different properties of the metal that could be compared to other metal

samples. Brass was able to withstand a higher level of stress and strain compared the

the other samples. Producing a yield strength of approximately 3.5*10^8 N and ultimate

tensile strength around 4.0*10^8 N shows significant difference compared to the values

of other samples whose yield tensile strength range from 3.0*10^8 N to 5.5*10^8 N.

Brass was found to be one of the more ductile metals. The extension of the samples

went as far as 23.5 mm. The Brass sample fell below the steel sample in terms of both

yield/tensile strength making brass the second strongest and second most ductile of the

four metals tested. An area of possible error could have happened during measurement

from inconsistency on where the measurement was taken each time along with different

individuals performing the measurements. Not tightening the clasps for the brass

sample could have caused slipped and an error in generating the data.

Bibliography

1. Lab 2 Tensile Test of Metal Hand out

Individual abstract report

- This lab was to find the stress and strain on specific materials. The stress

and strains were graphed into two different type which were engineering

and true. The process of the lab was to mount the material onto the tensile

machine and test how much the material handles load until it fails. With the

found data, use the elongation and load to calculate engineering stress and

engineering strain. Also during the lab, there was a plastic hardening part

which elongated the material before the failure point but after the elastic

was overcome. To find the true stress, use poissons ratio which are given
online and find the elongation for the horizontal component. The conclusion

is that the materials have elastic points and different failure points. For

example, Steel had the largest elongation before failure while Aluminum

2024 had the largest elastic point.