41. Evaluate C F .

d r where
F = (x - 3y) i + (y - 2x) j and C is the closed curve in the xy plane, x = 2 cos t, y = 3 sin t
from t = 0 to t = 2. ( Ans. 6, if C is traversed in the positive (counterclockwise) direction.)

x = 2 cos t, y = 3 sin t are parametric equations of an ellipse with semi major axis a = 3 and semi minor axis b = 2.Ellipse is a simple
closed curve and we traverse it in counterclockwise direction. ( Remember : Counterclockwise direction is taken positive and clockwise
direction is taken negative.This is the convention.) For circle and ellipse parameter t is angle measured from positive x-axis in
counterclockwise direction.

C F . d r =C [( x3y) i + ( y2x) j]. (dx i + dy j) = C ( x3y )dx+ ( y2x) dy

put x = 2 cost and y = 3sint When you traverse ellipse once , t changes from t = 0 to t = 2
dx = -2sint dt dy = 3costdt
(t=2 )
C F . d r =(t=0) [(2cost3(3sint))(2sint dt )+ (3sint2( 2cost))3cost dt]
(2 ) 2 2 (2 ) 2 2
= 0 [4sint cost+ 18sin t+ 9sintcost12cos t]dt = 0 [5sint cost + 18sin t12cos t ]dt
(2 ) (1cos 2t) (1+ cos2t )
= [5sint cost + 18 12 ]dt
0 2 2
(2 ) (2 )
= 0 [5sint cost + 9(1cos 2t)6(1+ cos2t)]dt = 0 [5sint cost + 99cos 2t6+ 6cos2t]dt
(sin 2 t ) (sin 2t) (2 )
(2 )
= 0 [5sint cost3cos 2t + 3] dt = [5
2
3
2
+ 3t]
0
5 2 3 5 3
= [ (sin (2 )) (sin 2 (2 ))+ 3(2 )][0] = [ (0) (0)+ 6 ] = 6
2 2 2 2
43. If
2 . d r around the triangle C of Figure 1, (a) in the indicated direction, (b)
F =(2x + y ) i+ (3y4x) j , evaluate C F
opposite to the indicated direction. Ans. (a) - 14/3 (b) 14/3

The problem is two dimentional as there is no k-component in Force field.

C F . d r =C [( 2x+ y 2) i + (3y4x) j ] .(dx i + dy j) = C (2x+ y 2 )dx+ (3y4x)dy ----------------> ( 1 )
FROM ( 0 , 0 ) TO ( 2 , 0 ) :
x changes from x = 0 to x = 2 , y = 0 => dy = 0 then ( 1 ) becomes
(x=2) 2
C F . d r =C (2x+ y 2)dx+ (3y4x) dy = (x=0) (2x+ ( 0)2) dx+ (3(0)4x)(0) = 0 2x dx=[ x 2 ]20 =4
FROM ( 2 , 0 ) TO ( 2 , 1 ) :
y changes from y = 0 to y = 1 , x = 2 => dx = 0 , put in (1)
 (y=1)
C F . d r =C ( 2x+ y 2) dx+ (3y4x)dy = (y=0) (2 (2)+ y 2 )(0)+ (3y4 (2)) dy
3y2 1
1 3 (316) 13
= 0 (3y8)dy =[ 2
8y ] = [ 8][0 ]=
2 2
=
2
0
FROM ( 2 , 1 ) TO ( 0 , 0 ) :
The equation of line joining (2 , 1 ) to ( 0, 0 ) is
( y y 1) ( xx 1) ( y1) (x2) ( y1) ( x2)
= => = => = => 2( y1)=1( x2)
( y 2y 1 ) ( x 2x1 ) (01) (02) 1 2
1
=> 2y+ 2=x+ 2 => y= x
2
1 1
So parametric equations are put x = t then y= t so dx = dt and dy= dt .For ( 2 , 1) t = 2 , For (0 , 0) t =0 i.e t changes
2 2
from t = 2 to t= 0.Now Evaluate ( 1 )
2
(t =2) (2t + ( 12 t) )dt+ (3( 12 t )4t ) 12 dt
(t =0)
C F . d r =C ( 2x+ y 2) dx+ (3y4x) dy =

0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 1 t3 3 t 2 0 1 23 3 2
= 2 (2t+ t + t2t )dt = 2 ( t + t )dt = [ + ] = [0][ + 2 ]
4 4 4 4 4 3 4 2 2 4 3 8
18 3 2 3 [4+ 9 ] 13
= [ + ] = [ + ] = =
43 2 3 2 6 6
So the required integral along the closed curve in the indicated direction is
13 13 [ 243913] 28 14
C F . d r =4 2 6 =
6
=
6
=
3
14
In the opposite direction only the sign will change so the answer would be
3
44. Evaluate C A . d r around the closed curve C of Fig. 2
A=( x y) i+ (x+ y) j . (Ans. 2/3)

C A . d r =C [( xy ) i + ( x+ y ) j].(dx i + dy j) = C ( xy )dx+ ( x+ y)dy ------------> ( 1 )

2
Along the curve y=x from ( 0 , 0 ) to ( 1 , 1 ) :
Parametric equations of this curve are put x = t then y=t 2 , dx = dt and dy=2t dt
For ( 0 , 0 ) t = 0 and for ( 1 , 1 ) t = 1 .Now Evaluate (1)
(t =1) 1
C A . d r =C ( x y)dx+ ( x+ y )dy = (t =0) (tt 2) dt+ ( t+ t 2) 2t dt = 0 (tt 2+ 2t 2+ 2t3) dt
1 3 2 2t 4 t 3 t 2 1 t 4 t3 t 2 1 1 1 1 4
= 0 (2t + t + t)dt = [ + + ] = [ + + ] = [ + + ][0] =
4 3 2 2 3 2 0 0 2 3 2 3
2
Along the curve y =x from (1 , 1 ) to ( 0 , 0 ) :
1
Parametric equations of this curve are put x = t then y 2=t => y= t , dx = dt and dy= dt
( 2 t)
For ( 1 , 1 ) t = 1 and for ( 0 , 0 ) t = 0 .Now Evaluate (1)
(t =0) 1 0 1 1
C A . d r =C ( x y)dx+ ( x+ y )dy = (t =1) (t t) dt+ (t+ t) (2 t) dt = 1 (t t+ 2 t+ 2 ) dt
 1
( + 1)
1 1
0 t2 1 1 t 2 0
t 2 1 1 2 (3 /2) 0 1 1 1 2
= 1 (t+ t)dt = [ + t ] = [ + t t ] = [0][ + ] =
2 2 2 2 2 (3/2) 1 2 2 23 1 2 2 3 3
C A . d r = 43 23 = 3 = 23
(42)
Therefore the required integral along the given closed curve is

45. If A = (y - 2x) i + (3x + 2y) j , compute the circulation of A about a circle C in the xy plane with center at the origin and radius 2, if
C is traversed in the positive direction. ( Ans. 8 )
The circulation of A about a circle C is the line integral of A around the circle that is we need to evaluate A . d r
C
along the circle in counterclockwise direction.

C A . d r =C [( y2x) i + (3x+ 2y ) j] .(dx i + dy j) = C ( y2x ) dx+ (3x+ 2y)dy

Parametric equations of a circle are
x = r cost and y = r sint where r is the radius so x = 2 cost and y = 2 sint then dx = -2 sint and dy = 2cost .Once around a circle in
counterclockwise direction t changes from t=0 to t= 2.So
A . d vecr =C ( y2x )dx+ (3x+ 2y) dy
(t =2 )
= (t =0) (2sint2 (2cost))(2sintdt)+ (3(2cost)+ 2 (2sint )) 2cost dt
(2 ) 2 2 (2 ) 2 2
= 0 (4sin t + 8sintcost+ 12cos t+ 8sintcost) dt = 0 (4sin t+ 16sintcost+ 12cos t)dt
(2 ) (1cos2t ) (1+ cos2t )
= [4 + 16sintcost+ 12 ] dt
0 2 2
(2 )
= 0 [2 (1cos2t)+ 16sintcost+ 6(1+ cos2t)]dt
(2 ) (2 )
= 0 [2+ 2cos2t+ 16sintcost+ 6+ 6cos2t ] dt = 0 [4+ 8cos2t+ 16sintcost]dt
(sin2t ) (sin2 t) (2 ) 2 (2 )
= [4t+ 8 + 16 ] = [4t+ 4sin2t+ 8sin t]0
2 2 0
2
= [4(2 )+ 4sin2(2 )+ 8sin ( 2 )][ 0] = [8 + 0+ 0]=8
=2xy z+ x y , evaluate C dr where C
2 2
55. If
2 3
(a) is the curve x = t, y=t from t=0 to t=1
, z=t
(b) consists of the straight lines from (0,0,0) to (1,0,0), then to (1,1,0), and then to (1,1,1).
19 11 75 1
( Ans. (a) i+ j+ k (b) j + 2 k )
45 15 77 2
1
(a) C dr=C (2xy2 z + x2 y)( dx i + dy j+ dz k ) = 0 ( 2t (t 2)2 t 3+ t 2 (t 2))(dt i + d (t 2) j+ d (t 3) k )
1 1
= 0 ( 2t + t )( dt i+ 2t dt j+ 3 t dt k ) = 0 [( 2t + t ) i+ ( 2t + t ) 2t j+ (2t + t )3 t k ]dt
8 4 2 8 4 8 4 8 4 2

9 5 10 6 11 7 1
1 2t t 4t t 6t t
= 0 [( 2t + t ) i + ( 4t + 2 t ) j + (6t + 3t ) k ]dt = [( + ) i + ( + 3 ) k ]
8 4 9 5 10 6
+ 2 ) j+ (
9 5 10 6 11 7 0
9 5 1
2t t 2 10 1 6 6 3 2 1 2 1 6 3
= [( + ) i + ( t + t ) j + ( t11 + t7 ) k ] = [( + ) i+ ( + ) j+ ( + ) k ][0]
9 5 5 3 11 7 0 9 5 5 3 11 7
 (10+ 9) (6+ 5) ( 42+ 33) 19 11 75
= i+ j+ k = i+ j+ k
45 15 77 45 15 77

(b)

FROM ( 0 , 0 , 0 ) TO ( 1 , 0 , 0 ) :
x changes from x = 0 to x = 1 , y =0 => dy = 0 , z = 0 => dz = 0 So
(x=1) 1
C dr=C (2xy2 z + x2 y)( dx i + dy j+ dz k ) = (x=0) (2x (0)2 (0)+ x 2 (0))( dx i + (0) j+ (0)k ) = 0 (0 ) dx i =0

FROM ( 1 , 0 , 0 ) TO ( 1 , 1 , 0 ) :
y changes from y = 0 to y = 1 , x =1 => dx = 0 , z = 0 => dz = 0 So
2 1
( y=1) 1 y
C dr=C (2xy2 z + x2 y)( dx i + dy j+ dz k ) = ( y=0 ) ( 2(1) y2 (0)+ (1)2 y)((0) i+ dy j + (0) k ) = 0 ( y) dy j = [ ] j
2 0
1
= j
2
FROM ( 1 , 1 , 0 ) TO ( 1 , 1 , 1 ) :
z changes from z = 0 to z = 1 , x =1 => dx = 0 , y = 1 => dy = 0 So
(z =1 ) 1
C dr=C (2xy2 z + x2 y)( dx i + dy j+ dz k ) = (z =0 ) ( 2( 1)(1)2 z + (1)2( 1))((0) i+ (0) j+ dz k ) = 0 ( 2z+ 1) dz k = [z 2+ z]10 k
= 2 k
Therefore along the whole curve C C dr= 12 j+ 2 k
56. If F = 2y i - z j + x k , evaluate
C F d r along the curve x = cost, y = sin t, z = 2 cos t from t = 0 to t = /2.
1

C F d r =C (2y i z j+ x k)(dx
i + dy j+ dz k) ( Ans. (2 ) i+ ( ) j )
4 2
put x = cost y = sint z = 2cost
dx= -sint dt dy = cost dt dz = -2sint dt
( t=/ 2 )
C F d r =( t=0) ( 2sint i 2cost j+ cost k )(sint dt i+ cost dt j + (2sint dt ) k )
i j k
(/ 2)
= 0 2sint 2cost cost
sint dt cost dt 2sint dt
(/2)
= 0 i [4sint cost dtcos2 t dt ]j[4sin 2 t dt + sintcost dt ]+ k [2sintcost dt2sintcost dt]
(/2)
= 0 i [4sint cost dtcos2 t dt ]j [4sin 2 t dt + sintcost dt ]
(/2) (1+ cos2t) ( 1cos2t)
= 0 i [4sint cost dt 2 dt ] j [4 2 dt+ sintcost dt ]
2 (/ 2) 2 (/2)
(sin t ) 1 1 ( sin2t ) ( sin2t) (sin t )
= i [4 t ] j [2t + 2 + ]
2
2 2 2 0 2 2 0
1 1 1 1 1 1
= i [ 2 (sin2 ) ( sin2 )] j [2 + (sin2 )+ (sin2 )] = i [ 2 (0 )] j [+ 0+ ] = (2 ) i+ ( ) j
2 22 4 2 2 2 2 2 4 4 2 4 2