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CORROSION
UNIFORM, GALVANIC,
CONCENTRATION CELL
& PITTING CORROSION
Topics
1- UNIFORM Attack
2- GALVANIC Corrosion
Galvanic Series
Contributing Factors
Prevention
4- PITTING Corrosion
Pit Shape and Growth
Pitting Mechanism
Metallurgical Variables
Evaluation of Pitting Damage
Prevention
1- Uniform Attack
Material selection:
- Substitute with more corrosion-resistant material (or
lower uniform corrosion rate).
Protective coatings:
- Use metallic, organic and inorganic coatings to
isolate the susceptible metal from the corrosion
environment.
Change the environment:
- Inhibitors can be added to the environment to
reduce corrosivity or corrosive species can be
removed.
Design:
- Build in a corrosion allowance into the structure.
2- Galvanic Corrosion
Material selection.
- Use materials that are more resistant to pitting.
SS304 < SS316 < Hastealloy F < Hastealloy C < Titanium
Use inhibitors.
Avoid stagnant zones.
Reduce aggressiveness of environment.
Example: Pitting of launch pad tubing from
The Kennedy Space Centre
http://corrosion.ksc.nasa.gov/pittcor.htm
Example: Pitting corrosion on an uncoated piece of cast
iron, as a result of Hurricane Ivan in Grand Cayman,
September 2004. The effect of wind carried saltwater
residue that covered over the surfaces of equipments,
leading to pitting corrosion.
Example: Pitting corrosion in sweet and sour environments.
In sweet (CO2) systems, pits are generally small with sharp edges and smooth
rounded bottoms. Pits may become connected as the corrosion damage increases.
Corrosion products are dark brown to grayish black and loosely adhering.
In sour (H2S) systems, the pits are usually shallow round depressions with etched
bottoms and sloping sides. Generally, the pits are not connected, and corrosion
products are black and tightly adhering to the metal surface.