TIP OF THE DAY

Relevant British Codes for rebar detailing:

BS 8110-1:1997 Structural use of concrete - Part 1: Code of practice for

design and construction

BS 8666:2000 Specification for scheduling, dimensioning, bending and

cutting of steel reinforcement for concrete (refers to 460 MPa Steel)

BS 8666:2005 Specification for scheduling, dimensioning, bending and

cutting of steel reinforcement for concrete (refers to 500 MPa Steel)

BS 4449:2005 Steel for reinforcement of concrete Wieldable reinforcing

steel Bar, coil and decoiled product Specifications (Characteristics of 500
MPa grade steel)

BS 5400-4:1990 Steel, concrete and composite bridge - Part 4: Code of

practice for design of concrete bridges

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Classification of wall and column:
Comparing two lateral dimensions of a vertical element, if one dimension
exceeds four times the other, the element is wall
Conversely, if one dimension is less than or equal to four times the other, the
vertical element is column.

Maximum span of shorter leg in bent bars:

To facilitate transportation, each bent bar shall be contained within a
rectangular area, the shorter side of which should not be longer than 2750
mm. (If no other specifications given by site).

Minimum longitudinal distance between two adjacent laps:

During staggering, longitudinal distance between two adjacent laps should
always be equals to or greater than 0.3 times the lap length.

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Prefix to be used for Coupler detailing:
The notation used on the drawings and schedules for any type of coupler
while detailing is given as E just before the bar mark.

Minimum Straight Dimension between the two curved portions of the

bar:
For all shapes with two or more bends in the same or opposite directions
(whether in same plane or not), the overall dimension given on the schedule
shall always include a minimum straight of 4d between the curved portion of
the bend.

Increased Tension Laps:

Reference: BS 8110-1:1997: clause 3.12.8.13
a) where a lap occurs at the top of a section as cast and minimum cover is
less than twice the size of the lapped reinforcement, the lap length
should be increased by a factor of 1.4;
b) where a lap occurs at the corner of a section and minimum cover either
face is less than twice the size of lapped reinforcement or, where the
clear distance between the adjacent laps is less than 75mm or six times
the size of the lapped reinforcement, whichever is the greater, the lap
length should be increased by a factor of 1.4;
c) In cases where both conditions a) and b) apply, the lap length should
be increased by a factor of 2.0.

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Anchorage length of Standard hook and Bends:

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Classification between LINKS and TIES:
Links and Ties play the same role in detailing; to hold the bars. However, a
distinction is required.
Wherever 21 or 31 shape code is used to hold the bars, it should be specified
as TIES.
Rest all are specified as LINKS.

Detailing at bends:
When the step is less than or equals to 75mm, bars should be cranked at the
bend.
When step is greater than 75mm, bars need to cross each other with
anchorage length beyond the intersection point as indicated in the enclosed
sketch.

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Minimum dimension of semi circular bend (Shape Code 13):
The minimum dimension of semicircular bend should not be less than 2(r+d);
Where, r is minimum radius for scheduling,
D is dia of bar.

External WALL SLAB Joint:

The U bar from slab into wall should have at least the anchorage length from
the face of wall rebar, as enclosed in sketch.
Otherwise, L bars at top and bottom are required.
The anchorage length is referred from Table 3.27 of BS 8110-1:1997.
Reference: Page 67 of IStructE, 2006

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Maximum Reinforcement in a layer:
In slab/raft, the sum of reinforcement sizes in a particular layer should not
exceed 40% of the breadth of the section at that level, especially at locations
of lap.
I.e. - The sum should not exceed for any layer (i.e. top & bottom both). This is
very important . The sketch shows layer at top, but similarly for bottom also it
will have to be checked at location of laps.

Requirement of Links in Columns:

An overall enclosing link is required together with additional restraining links
for alternate main bars or bundle of bars. No other links are required if all
other main bars in the compression zone are within 150mm of a restrained
bar.

Restrained Bars -> 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10.

Unstrained Bars -> 2, 8.

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COLUMNS:
At the column slab junction, the vertical bars of the column should be bent
inside the slab if:
1) slab depth is 200mm or less and vertical reinforcement is greater than
or equal to 20mm diameter,
2) slab depth is 250mm or less and vertical reinforcement is greater than
or equal to 25mm diameter,
3) slab depth is 300mm or less and vertical reinforcement is greater than
or equal to 32mm diameter

Wall Column joint:

For easy fixing at site, it is recommended that at wall column interface wall
rebar should stop at column face.
Splice bars need to be detailed lapping with wall rebar. No wall rebar should
go into column.

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Diameter of Column Links:
The diameter of link should be the greater of the following:
a) one quarter the maximum size of longitudinal bar and
b) 8mm
Spacing of Column Links:
1) The maximum spacing of links should be the least of:
c) 20 times the size of longitudinal bars, or
d) The lesser dimension of the column, or
e) 400mm.
2) Spacing of links at lap should not be greater than:
a) 12 times the size of longitudinal bars, or
b) 0.6 times the lesser dimension of column, or
c) 240mm.
At least 3 links should be provided at laps.
Clear Distance Between Bars:
1) Horizontal clear distance between bars should not be less than:
a) The diameter of the bar or
b) hagg. + 5mm or
c) 20mm, whichever is greater.
2) Vertical clear distance between bars should not be less than:
a) 2/3rd hagg or
b) The diameter of the bar, whichever is greater.
Where hagg, is the maximum size of coarse aggregate.

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Anchorage at simply supported ends:

At simply supported ends each Bottom Bar should have:

Straight length beyond centre line of support = 1/3 of support width or

30 mm, whichever is greater

Effective anchorage length = 12 x bar size beyond centre-line of

supports. No bend should begin before centre of support.

Effective anchorage length = 12 x bar size + d/2 from face of support,

where d is effective depth of member. No bend should begin before
d/2 from face of support.

SPACING OF BARS IN WALLS:

Minimum spacing: 75mm (for bars of size 40mm and greater: 100mm)
Maximum spacing: Vertical and horizontal bars.
The lesser of
3 times the wall thickness
400mm

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HEIGHT OF KICKER:
Generally height of kicker for walls and columns is taken as:
Below ground level: minimum 150mm
Above ground level: minimum 75mm ,
Unless specified otherwise by the site.

MINIMUM REINFORCEMENT REQUIREMENT IN WALL:

Vertical Rebar on two faces = 0.2% of concrete cross sectional area
Horizontal rebar on two faces = 0.1% of concrete cross sectional area
or 25% of vertical rebar , whichever is greater

OPENING DETAILS:
The extra reinforcement around the openings provided in the form of trimmer
bars should extend a minimum of anchorage length beyond the edge of hole.

SIDE BARS IN BEAM:

If the overall depth of beam exceeds 750mm, side face bars should be
provided at a spacing not exceeding 250mm to control cracking.

Side face rebar

design.xls

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 TERMINOLOGY:
LOHA : Laing O Rourke Hindustan Automation
BBS : Bar bending Schedule
SD : Shop Drawing
CTB : Colour Table Block
DWF : Design Web Format File
CSF : Comma Separated File
SDI : SteelPac Data Interchange File
EDI : Electronic Data Interchange File
PDF : Portable Document Format
TQ : Technical Query
RFI : Request for Information
TIE : Technical Information Enquiry
SCR : Site Clarification Request
VC : Variation Claim
BM : Bar Mark

COUPLER BAR DIMENSION:

Minimum overall dimension of coupler bar should be taken from outer to
outer and should be lap length plus coupler dimension as per
specification.

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MAXIMUM AREA OF REINFORCEMENT IN BEAM:
Neither the area of tension reinforcement nor the area of compression
reinforcement should exceed 4% of the cross-sectional area of the concrete.

STARTER BARS IN COLUMNS:

Starter bars should be placed inside the main bars and the link size inside the
base should be smaller than the link size for main bars.

MAXIMUM AREA OF REINFORCEMENT IN WALL:

The area of vertical reinforcement should not exceed 4% of the gross cross-
sectional area of the concrete.

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ARRANGEMENT OF LINKS:

If more than one enclosing link is required, other links are provided at the
same section with the preferred arrangement as shown in the attachment.
Overlapping of links is not recommended as it will become difficult to fix the
reinforcement at site.

MAXIMUM AREA OF REINFORCEMENT IN COLUMN:

The longitudinal reinforcement should not exceed the following amounts,

calculated as percentages of the gross-sectional area of the concrete:
vertically cast columns: 6%;
horizontally cast columns: 8%;
Laps in vertically or horizontally-cast columns: 10%.

Reference BS 8110-1:1997, clause 3.12.6.2

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H DIMENSION IN U, L AND SEMICIRCULAR SHAPE KWIKASTRIPS:

H dimension for U, L and semicircular shape Kwikastrips is calculated as

H = Wall thickness (T) cover of wall D1 D2
Where D1= dia of vertical bar of wall,
D2= dia of horizontal bar of wall.

MINIMUM LAPS:

The minimum lap length for bar reinforcement should not be less than 15
times the bar size or 300mm, whichever is the greater, and for fabric
reinforcement should not be less than 250mm.

Reference BS 8110-1:1997, clause 3.12.8.11

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CUT LENGTH FOR DOUBLE HEADED COUPLERS:

The cut length for double headed couplers should be manually entered in
BBS as cut length calculated by LOHA is in multiples of 25 which will
increase the total length in certain cases and the tolerance of 5mm should
always be provided.
For example, if the size of the column is 500mm, A as shown in the attached
sketch will be 500mm but it should be 495mm considering tolerance of 5mm.

ANCHORGE OF LINKS:

A link may be considered to be fully anchored if it satisfies the following:

a) it passes round another bar of at least its own size, through an angle of 90
degree, and continues beyond for a minimum length of eight times its own
size; or

b) It passes round another bar of at least its own size, through an angle of
180 degree, and continues beyond a minimum length of four times its own
size.

In no case should the radius of any bend in the link be less than twice the
radius of a test bend guaranteed by the manufacturer of the bar.

Reference: BS 8110-1:1997, clause 3.12.8.6

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VALUE OF MINIMUM RADIUS FOR SCHEDULING, r:
Value of Minimum radius for scheduling, r
a) 2 x diameter of scheduling bar up to 16mm dia.
b) 3.5 x diameter of scheduling bar above 16mm dia.
REBAR- DETAILING OF CRANKED BAR:
While detailing the cranked bar, we should always calculate the offset
dimension D by taking the actual size of bar plus tolerance of 10%.
Slope should not be less than 1:6,
e.g. - For T32 bar,
D = 37+37+ {(37+37) x 0.1} = 81.4 mm
D = (say) 80mm
B= as slope should not be greater than 1:6,
Tan () =1/6
-1
() = Tan (1/6)
o
() = 9.46
i.e. () 9.46o
Say () = 10o
Tan (10o) = 0.1763
0.1763 = 80/x
X = 453.77
B = (453.772 + 802)
B = 460.76
Say B = 450mm.

BAR SIZE D B
T12 30 300
T16 40 300
T20 50 300
T25 60 400
T32 80 450
T40 90 550

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DIA OF BARS

The Comparison between nominal size of bar and the actual size.

Actual Size = nominal size + Rib size. (Used for calculations)

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CHAIR BAR:
B dimension of the chair bar is equal to:

If rider bar is not used the B dimension is equal to:

B = slab depth top cover bottom cover T1 T2 B1

If rider bar is used the B dimension is equal to:

B = slab depth top cover bottom cover T1 T2 T3 (Rider bar) --
B1 B2

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Stair case:

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Couplers

Standard one bar can be rotated

Transitional join bars of different dia

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Positional neither bar is free to turn

Positional-Transitional connect two bars of different dia, neither of which
can be rotated.

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Tolerances in position of bent steel:

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Rationalization of rebar:

E.g. please refer the below sketch.

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Reference: BS 8666:2000, table 3
BS 8666:2005, table 2

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