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CHEMISTRY

BOARD PROJECT
PREPARATION OF PIGMENTS
PRESENT IN POSTER COLOURS

DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL


MATHURA ROAD
AKSHAT GUPTA | XII-E |
22/11/16
BOARD ROLL NO:-
INDEX
S.NO. TOPICS
1. CERTIFICATE

2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

3. AIM

4. MATERIAL REQUIRED

5. ABOUT PAINTS

6. DESCRIPTION ABOUT DIFFERENT


PIGMENTS
7. PREPARATION OF xCHROME
YELLOW
8. PREPARATION OF PRUSSIAN BLUE

9. PREPARATION OF BARIUM WHITE

10. PREPARATION OF MALACHITE BLUE

11. OBSERVATION AND RESULT

12. PRECAUTIONS
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that AKSHAT GUPTA of
class XII-E has successfully completed
his project on the preparation of
pigment present in poster colours
under my guidance with which he has
also completed the Compulsory project
as per the CBSE Curriculum of class XII

Signature of Teacher
(Ms. Yusra Faridi)

Signature of Lab
Incharge
ACKNOWLEDGEMEN
T

I express my sincere thanks to my


Chemistry teacher Ms. Yusra Faridi with
whose encouragement this project has
taken shape. HE gave me appropriate
advice and guidance which helped in
making of this project.

I would like to thank our schools lab


teacher for his cooperation, timely
support and help throughout in the
making of this project on
The preparation of pigments present
in poster colours.
AIM
To prepare the pigments present
in the poster colours in
laboratory by using various
chemicals and reagents
MATERIAL REQUIRED
APPARATUS
1. 100ml Beaker
2. Measuring Flask
3. Funnel
4. Filter Paper
5. Glass Rod
6. Dropper

CHEMICAL USED
1. Blue Vitrol (CuSO4.5H2O)
2. Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
3. Sodium Sulphate (Na2SO4)
4. Barium Chloride (BaCl2)
5. Potassium Chromate (K2CrO4)
6. Lead Nitrate (Pb(No3)2)
7. Ferric Chloride (FeCl3)
8. Potassium Hexacyanoferrate(II)
(K4(Fe(CN)6))

ABOUT PIGMENTS
A Pigment is a finally divided material which
contributes to optical and other properties of
paints. Pigments may be classified according
to their composition or source which they are
obtained from. However, the most common
and useful classification is that coloured
pigments can be made using simple chemical
reaction and techniques.

Pigments are used for coloring paint ink,


plastic, fabric, cosmetics, food and other
materials. Most pigments used in
manufacturing and the visual arts are dry
colorants, usually ground into a fine powder.
This powder is added to a binder, a relatively
neutral or colorless material that suspends
the pigment and gives the paint its adhesion.

Pigments appear the colors they are because


they selectively reflect and absorb certain
wavelengths of visible light. White light is a
roughly equal mixture of entire spectrum of
visible light with a wavelength in a range
from about 375 to 400 nm to about 760 or
780 nm. When this light encounters a
pigment, parts of the spectrum are absorbed
by the chemical bonds of conjugated systems
and other components of the pigments.
ABOUT POSTER COLOURS
For making poster paints the pigments made by
various chemical reactions are thoroughly mixed
with the medium. Sometimes the paint hardens
but the addition of lukewarm water to it so it
can soften up.

CHROME YELLOW
Chrome yellow is a Lead(II) Chromate. It occurs
naturally as the mineral crocoite but the mineral
itself was never used as a pigment in paintings.
In 1797 Lead Chromate has been synthesized in
the laboratory and its use as a pigment started
in the second decade of the nineteenth century.
Because the pigment tends to oxidize and
darken on exposure to air over time and it
contains lead, a toxic, heavy metal, it was
originally replaced by another pigment,
Cadmium Yellow.

PRUSSIAN BLUE
Prussian blue is a dark blue pigment. Another
name for the colour is Berlin Blue. Prussian Blue
was the first modern synthetic pigment. It is
employed as a very fine colloidal dispersion, as
the compound itself is not soluble in water. It is
famously complex, owing to the presence of
variable amounts of other ions and the sensitive
dependence of its appearance on the size of the
colloidal particles formed when it is made. The
pigments is used in paints and it is the
traditional BLUE in blueprints.
BARIUM WHITE
The majority of synthetic barium sulphate
is used a component of white pigments for
paints. In oil paint, barium sulphate is
almost transparent, and is used as a filter
or to modify consistency. One major
manufacturer of artists oil paint sells
Permanent White that contains a mixture
of titanium white pigment and barium
sulphate. The combination of barium
sulphate and zinc sulphide is the inorganic
pigment called lithopone. In photography it
is used as a coating for certain
photographic papers.

MALACHITE GREEN
Its a mineral basic copper carbonate,
moderately permanent pigment of varying
colour. Malachite is perhaps the oldest
known green pigment. It is sensitive to
acids and to heat. Occurs in Egyptian tomb
paintings, in European paintings it seems
to have been of importance mainly in the
15th and 16th centuries.
PIGMENTS MADE IN
LAB
PERFORMING THE
EXPERIMENT
PREPARATION OF
CHROME YELLOW

Chemically knows as LEAD


CHROMATE.

1. Dissolve 7gm of Potassium


Chromate in 50ml water and 10gm
Lead Nitrate in 100ml in 2 separate
beakers.
2. Pour the Potassium Chromate
solution in the Lead Nitrate and stir
continuously.
3. Lead Chromate separates as
precipitate and is the required
pigment.
4. Filter the precipitate and dry the
pigment.

Equation involved:-
K2CrO4 + Pb(NO3)2 PbCrO4 +
2KNO3

PREPARATION OF PRUSSIAN
BLUE
Chemically known as COMPLEX
FERRO CYANIDE.

1. Make a solution of 5 gm of
Hydrated Iron(III) Chloride in 50ml
of water.
2. Make a solution of 10 gm of
Potassium Ferro Cyanide in 75 ml of
water.
3. Add Iron Chloride solution into
Potassium Ferro Cyanide solution
while stirring briskly.
4. A dark blue colour very fine
powdered type substance
precipitates.
5. Filter the precipitate and wash it
with water.It takes along time to
filter this substance.

Equation involved:-

4FeCl3 + 3K4[Fe(CN)6]
Fe4[Fe(CN)6] + 12KCl
PREPARATION OF BARIUM
WHITE

Chemically known as Barium


Sulphate.

1. Mix 5ml of Sodium Sulphate and


5ml of Barium Chloride solution in a
beaker.
2. Stir and then rest the mixture for
10 minutes.
3. Filter the white precipitate
obtained.

Equation involved:-

BaCl2 + Na2SO4 BaSO4 + 2NaCl


PREPARATION OF MALACHITE
GREEN

Chemically known as Aniline


Green.

1. Mix 5ml of Blue Vitrol with 3g of


Sodium Bicarbonate.
2. Stir and rest the mixture for 10
minutes
3. Filter the precipitate.

Equation involved:-

CuSO4 + NaHCo3 CO2 +


CuCO3 + H20 + Na2SO4
OBSERVATION
For each chemical reaction specific
colour precipitate was obtained this
forms the pigment that are used in
different colours of paints.

RESULT
We have prepared pigments of paint
such as Chrome yellow, Prussian
blue, Barium white and Malachite
green.
PRECAUTIONS
The beaker and the funnel should
be washed before.
The amount of reactant to be taken
should be measured carefully.
Fresh chemicals should be used.
The funnel must not touch the
solution in the beaker.
During the process of setting, the
apparatus must not be disturbed.
The chemicals must be handed
carefully.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.jcsparks.com/painted/pig
ment
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/prussia
nblue
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/malach
itegreen
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/barium
white
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/chrome
yellow

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