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Research MethodologyFor MBS :

Research MethodologyFor MBS Research Design

Research Design :
Research Design It is the conceptual structure/general plan of study within which research work is
conducted, it constitute the blue print for the collection, measurement and analysis of data. It focuses
on the data collection methods, the research instruments utilized and the sampling plan to be used

Research Design :
Research Design For Example: an Architect prepares a blueprint before he approves a construction. An
army prepares a strategy before launching an attack. An artist makes a design before he executes his
ideas.

Research Design :
Research Design So, the researcher makes a plan of his study before undertaking the research work
Thus, It will enable to save time and resources such a plan of study or blue print for study is called a
research design or research strategy.

Research Design :
Research Design it is the outline/the scheme and the paradigm of the operation of the variables related
to the study. it is the frame of plan on the basis of which a researcher performs his research work.
Research designs can be taken as strategy for the research work rather than plan.

Research Design :
Research Design IT contains the decisions of the following questions related to the area of study of
research. i. Why is the study being made? ii Where will the study be carried out? iii. What is the study
about? iv. How the data will be collected?

Research Design :
Research Design v. What will be the sampling design? vi. What period of time is required ? vii What
types of observation is taken? viii. What types of population is being observed? ix. What techniques of
data processing and analysis is taken? x. In what style the report of research have to prepare?

Research Design :
Research Design According to Kerlinger (1986) Research design is the plan, structure and strategy of
investigation conceived so as to obtain answers to research questions and to control variance.

Research Design :
Research Design According to P V Young A research design is the logical and systematic planning and
directing of a piece of research. According to R L Aekoff Design is the process of making decisions
before the situation arises in which the decision is to be carried out.

Types of Research Design :

Types of Research Design According to task i. Sampling design ii. Observation design iii. Statistical
design iv. Operational design

Research Design :
Research Design Sampling design Sampling design deals with the different method of selecting items
to be included and observed for the given study. It can be broadly divided in to two classes. Non
probability sampling Probability sampling

Types (cont..) :
Types (cont..) Observational design It relates to the conditions under which the observations are to be
made. It is concerned with the decision on the following questions related to observations i. What
should be observed? ii. What type of method of observation should be taken? iii. How the accuracy of
observation can be assured?

Types (cont..) :
Types (cont..) IT can be divided into following categories. Participant observational design Non-
participant observational design Controlled observational design Non-Controlled observational design
Research Design :
Research Design Statistical design It is concerned with How many items are to be observed How the
information / data collected which statistical tools are used for data analysis Operational design IT
deals with the techniques by which the procedures specified in the sampling, statistical and
observational design can be carried out.

Objective of Research Design :

Objective of Research Design Two basic purposes 1 To provide the solution to the research problem As
validly, objectively, accurately and economically To control variance Maximization of experimental
variance To control extraneous variables Minimize error variance

Features of good Research Design :

Features of good Research Design A good research design Minimizes biasness Maximizes the reliability
of data collected and analysis Use appropriate method of data collection and analysis Gives smallest
experimental error Formulate the problem on the basis of the purpose of study Indicates the
availability of time and money

Advantages of Research Design :

Advantages of Research Design provides more accurate result minimizes the expenditure of money
and efforts provides the best methods and techniques of data collection and analysis It minimizes the
uncertainty and confusion associated with any research work. It minimizes the waste of time It gives
guideline to the researcher and moves him on a right track

Main steps in preparing Research design :

Main steps in preparing Research design Title of the study and statement of the problem Review of
previous literature Definition of concepts or theoretical principles Coverage and scope of the study
Objective of the study Formulation of hypothesis

Main steps in preparing Research design :

Main steps in preparing Research design Sampling design Construction of schedule or questionnaire
Data collection Analysis of data Interpretation of results Reporting the findings

Research Design :
Research Design Types of Research Design i. Descriptive research design Exploratory or Formulative
research design Experimental research design iv. Diagnostic research design

Descriptive Research Design :

Descriptive Research Design - It is basically interested in detail description of the phenomenon, group
or community Example: like number of workers in a factory, their age distribution, level of education,
state of their physical health, their community wise distribution and so one.

Descriptive Research Design :

Descriptive Research Design It is essentially a fact finding approach relative largely to the present and
abstracting generalizations by the cross sectional study of the current situation. It is extensively used
in the physical and natural sciences Example physical measures, zoological dissects and geological
studies of rocks, biological classification etc. This type of research study is generally conducted to
know the views of the people toward any things.

Descriptive Research Design :

Descriptive Research Design objective to acquire knowledge. There are certain areas where knowledge
has not yet properly developed. In such a case the investigator has to confine him to descriptive
research design.

Types of Research Design :

Types of Research Design Purposes of Descriptive Research Design To collect detailed information that
describes existing phenomena. To identify problems or justify current conditions and practices. To make
comparison and evaluation. To determine what others are doing with similar problems or situations and
benefit from their experience in making future plans and decisions.

Types of Research Design :

Types of Research Design Limitations of descriptive research design Makes description and end itself.
Essentially creative and demands the discovery of facts in order to leads solution of the problems. It
dominates statistical tools to present the facts in terms of average, correlation; dispersion .

Exploratory research design :

Exploratory research design Also known as Formulative Research design. The main purpose of such
designs is that of formulating a research problem for more precise investigation or of developing the
working hypothesis from an operational point of view. Such a study can have other functions as well,
namely more structured investigation of phenomena which an investigator wishes, to study in the
subsequent etc. Helps in clarifying concepts, establishing priorities for further research etc.

Exploratory research design :

Exploratory research design Kuntz, Exploratory studies represent the earlier stage of a science. This
design is initial step of problem finding In fact much of social research is of exploratory nature. Since
most of the theories in social sciences are either too general or too specific therefore these dont
provide clear guidance for empirical research.

Exploratory research design :

Exploratory research design Generally following three steps are considered Survey of concerning
literature Experience survey Case Study:

Experimental Research Design :

Experimental Research Design The Experimental Method provides a logical systematic way to answer
the question this is done under carefully controlled conditions, what will happen?. To provide a
precise answer, experimenters manipulate certain influences or variables and observe how the
condition or behavior of the subject is affected or changed Experimenters control or isolate the
variables in such a way that they can be reasonably sure that the effects they observe can be
attributed to the variables they have manipulated, rather than to some other uncontrolled influences.
The classic method of the laboratory is the most powerful method for discovering and developing a
body of knowledge about the prediction and control of events. The experimental method has been
used with some success in the school classroom, where, to some degree, variables cab be controlled.

Experimental Research Design :

Experimental Research Design Experimental design provides a plan or blueprint for experimentation
that enables the researcher to test hypothesis by reaching valid conclusion about relationships
between independent and dependent variable. Experimentation is a sophisticated technique for
problem solving and may not be an appropriate activity for the beginning researcher.

Experimental Research Design :

Experimental Research Design Characteristics Manipulation: the researcher does something to one
group of subjects on the study. Control: The researcher introduces one or more control groups to
compare with the experimental group. Randomization :The researcher takes care to random assign
subjects to the control and experimental groups. Each subject is given an equal chance of being
assigned to either group by assigning them number and blindly selecting the number for each group.

Diagnostic Research Design :

Diagnostic Research Design Like descriptive research design diagnostic research design basically
interested in detailed description of the phenomenon, group or community. The diagnostic design is
concerned with discovering and testing certain variables with respect to their associations or
dissociation. A diagnostic study is concerned with an existing social problem and its basic nature and
cause. The diagnostic design is concerned with the causes as well as the treatment.

Diagnostic Research Design :

Diagnostic Research Design Objectives : to diagnoses the problem, to accurately specify the
characteristics, to determine the frequencies of significant variables and to find out whether certain
variances are associated. The research deign for this studies must be carefully planned so that
subjective bias can be eliminated. The most important step of the research this design would be
objectively define questions, which are to be answered.

Historical Research Design :

Historical Research Design It is connected with past phenomena. It is a design of collection, evaluating,
verifying, and synthesizing past evidence systematically and objectively to reach a conclusion. The
present observed phenomenon can be explained if the proper analysis of factors of the past is well
done.

Historical Research Design :

Historical Research Design It is to be noted that past is the starting pointy of future. Hence historical
research design is useful for making predictions or for forecasting in future in the field of population,
student enrollment, Demand supply, import , export etc