The Eye Mask Eye Diagram The eye diagram is created by taking the time domain signal and overlapping the traces for a certain number of symbols. The open part of the signal represents the time that we can safely sample the signal with fidelity Vertical and Horizontal Eye Openings The vertical eye opening or noise margin is related to the SNR, and thus the BER A large l eye opening i corresponds d tto a low BER The horizontal eye opening relates the jijitter andd the h sensitivity i i i off the h sampling li instant to jitter The red brace indicates the range of samplel iinstants t t with ith goodd eye opening i At other sample instants, the eye opening is greatly reduced, as governed b the indicated slope by Interpretation of Eye Diagram Jitter in Circuit design Raised Cosine Eye Diagram The larger , the wider the p g opening. The larger , the larger bandwidth (1+ )/Tb But smaller will lead to larger errors if not sampled at the best sampling time which occurs at the center of the eye. Eye Diagram Eye diagram is a means of evaluating the quality of a received digital waveform digital waveform By quality is meant the ability to correctly recover symbols and timing The received signal could be examined at the input to a digital receiver or at some stage within the receiver before the decision stage Eye diagrams reveal the impact of ISI and noise Two major issues are 1) sample value variation, and 2) jitter and sensitivity of sampling instant Eye diagram reveals issues of both Eye y diagram g can also give g an estimate of achievable BER Check eye diagrams at the end of class for participation Figure 4.34 (a) Eye diagram for noiseless quaternary system. (b) Eye diagram for quaternary system with SNR 20 dB. (c) Eye diagram for quaternary system with SNR 10 dB. Figure 4.35 (a) Eye diagram for noiseless band-limited quaternary system: cutoff ff frequency f f 0.975 fo 0 975 HHz. (b) Eye E diagram di for f noiseless i l band-limited b d li i d quaternary system: cutoff frequency fo 0.5 Hz.