D. CRH/PIH.
Endocrine System
1. The hormone primarily responsible for
setting the basal metabolic rate and for
promoting the maturation of the brain is:
A. cortisol
B. ACTH
C. TSH
D. thyroxine
E. none of the preceding.
2. Many nonsteroid hormones act upon their
target cells by causing:
A. cyclic AMP to become ATP
B. the inactivation of adenylate cyclase
C. cyclic AMP to become protein kineses
D. the activation of adenylate cyclase
E. both A and D apply.
3. Which of the following would result from
a thyroidectomy (removal of the thyroid
gland)?
A. decreased TSH secretion
B. increased T3 and thyroxine secretion
C. increased calcitonin secretion
D. increased TSH secretion
E. both B and C apply.
4. Steroid hormones are secreted by:
A. the adrenal cortex
B. the gonads
C. the thyroid
D. both A and
B E. both B and C.
5. The secretion of which hormone would be
increased in a person with endemic goiter?
A. TSH.
B. thyroxine
C. triiodothyronine;
D. all of the preceding apply
6. Which of the following hormone pairs is
not produced by the same endocrine gland?
A. LH/FSH
B. ACTH/ADH
C. prolactin/GH
E. all of the preceding are correctly paired.
7. Oxytocin:
A. allows milk secretion or "milk let-down"
B. is stored in the pars nervosa (posterior
pituitary)
C. is produced by cells in the diencephalon
(hypothalamus)
D. exerts important effects during childbirth
E. all of the above.
MATCHING.( Items A through E may be used
more than once.)
A. Hypothalamus
B. hypophysis
C. adrenal
D. thyroid E. parathyroid.
8. Located in the sella turcica of the
spheroid bone
9. Contains groups of cell bodies called
nuclei
10. Located on the superior border of each
kidney
11. Contains two structures: adeno- and
neurohypophysis
12. Located on the posterior surface of the
thyroid gland
13. Contains an outer cortical region and an
inner medullary region
14. Located inferior to the larynx
15. Contains chromaffin cells which produce
catecholamines
16. Produces releasing and inhibiting
hormones
17. Produces calcitonin
18. Contains oxyphil and chief cells
19. It secretes some androgens
20. Contains chromophil and chromophobe
cells.
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the best answer.
21. A tumor of the beta cells of the
pancreatic islets would probably affect the
body's ability to:
A. lower blood glucose level
B. lower blood calcium level
C. raise blood calcium level
D. raise blood glucose level
E. raise blood sodium level.
22. Removal of the adenohypophysis would 31When adenyl cyclase is activated:
affect all except: a) cAMP is formed
b) cAMP is broken
A. adrenal cortex c) G-proteins bind to cAMP
B. adrenal medulla d) steroid hormones enter the cell
C. ovaries
D. mammary glands 32Which of the following hormones does
E. thyroid gland. NOTact by a second messenger system:
a) glucagon
b) epinephrine
23. Which hormone stimulated the c) growth hormone
production of erythrocytes in myeloid d) testosterone
tissues? e) ACTH

33 This hypophyseal structure receives

A. GH
signals from the hypothalamus via the
B. progesterone
hypophyseal portal vein:
C. ICSH
a) follicles
D. ADH
b) adenohypophysis
E. none of the preceding.
c) neurohypophysis
d) pars intermedia
e) supraoptic nucleus
MATCHING.
34 Low blood glucose level typically results
A. Cushing's syndrome in the secretion of all of the following
B. cretinism EXCEPT:
C. myxedema a) glucagon
D. Endemic goiter b) thyroxine (T4)
E. Addison's disease c) hGH
d) PTH
24. Hyposecretion of thyroxine in adult e) none of the above
25. Hyposecretion of glucocorticoids and
mineralocorticoids 35 The action of glucocorticoids involves
26. Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids many functions, but only one of the
27. Lack of iodine following is a correct one:
28. Hyposecretion of thyroxine during a) increases inflammatory responses
childhood. b) decreases lipid hydrolysis (lipolysis)
c) increases glucose levels
MULTIPLE CHOICE d) retention of electrolytes by the kidneys
e) increases osteoclast activity
29.The endocrine system:
a) releases chemicals into the
36This hormone acts on the intestines and
bloodstream for distribution
causes increased calcium absorption:
throughout the body
a) calcitonin
b) releases hormones that alter the
b) calcitriol
metabolic activities of many different
c) thyroxine
tissues and organs
d) pancreatic polypeptide
c) produces effects that can last for
e) corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)
hours, days, or even longer
d) can alter gene activity of cells
e) all of the above 37 Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
causes all of the following EXCEPT:
a) activation of thyroid follicular cells
30 Each of the following hormones is an b) increased iodide trapping in thyroid
amino acid derivative EXCEPT: follicles
a) epinephrine c) increased thyroglobulin synthesis
b) melatonin d) increased release of T3/ T4
c) thyroxine (T4) e) all of above are correct
d) thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
e) norepinephrine
38 The pancreatic cells that secrete insulin b) type I diabetes mellitus
are the: c) type II diabetes mellitus
a) F-cells d) insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus
b) principal cells (IDDM)
c) alpha cells e) juvenile diabetes
d) beta cells
e) delta cells 46 Vasopressin is the same hormone as:
a) cortisol
39 The general adaptation syndrome (GAS) b) epinephrine
is activated by the: c) ADH
a) hypothalamus d) hGH
b) adrenal gland e) oxytocin
c) pituitary gland
d) thyroid gland The general adaptation syndrome (GAS):
e) release of glucocorticoids a) is a mechanism to maintain homeostasis
under stress
40 If you were to eat four sugar glaze b) resets the levels of controlled conditions
doughnuts and a large pepsi, which in the body in response to stress
hormone would you expect to be secreted c) is a part of the sympathetic (fight or
at higher levels: flight) response
a) insulin d) reduces the amounts of stress your body
b) epinephrine encounters
c) glucagon e) none of the above
d) cortisol
e) oxytocin Which of the following characteristics is the
same for the nervous and endocrine
41 Somatostatin is secreted by the: systems:
a) pancreatic F-cells a) target cells affected
b) pancreatic delta cells b) time to onset of actions
c) zona fasciculata c) duration of actions
d) parafollicular cells d) mechanism of signalling and
e) posterior pituitary communication
e) none of the above
42Hyposecretion of cortisol can cause:
a) cretinism The endocrine system:
b) diabetes mellitus
c) diabetes insipidus a. Releases chemicals into the
d) Addisons disease bloodstream for distribution
e) Graves disease throughout the body

43 A tumor in the adrenal zona glomerulosa b. Releases hormones that can alter the
can cause hypersecretion of hormones metabolic activities of many different
produced in that region. Which of the tissues and organs
following might you expect to find in a
patient with such a tumor:
a) increased blood sodium levels c. Produces effects that can last for
b) increased blood glucose levels hours, days, or even longer
c) decreased blood calcium levels
d) increased dehydration d. Can alter the gene activity of cells
e) increased ketoacidosis
Each of the following is an amino acid
44Oxytocin is secreted by the: derivative EXCEPT:
a) adenohypophysis
b) neurohypophysis a. Epinephrine
c) zona glomerulosa
d) pars intermedia b. Melatonin
e) cervix
c. Thyroxine
45A lack of or decrease in insulin hormone
receptors on cells can result in:
a) diabetes insipidus d. TSH
When adenyl cyclase is activated: a. Increased inflammatory response

a. cAMP is formed b. Increased blood [glucose]

b. cAMP is degraded c. Decreased lipolysis

c. G proteins are replicated in a d. Increased creatinine hydrolysis by

semiconservative fashion osteocytes

d. Steroid hormones enter the cell via e. Increased osteoclast activity

receptor-mediated endocytosis
What hormone increases intestinal
e. None of the above calcium absorption?

Which of the following hormones does not a. Calcitriol

act via a second messenger system?
b. Calcitonin
a. Glucagon
c. Parathormone
b. Epinephrine
d. Pancreatic polypeptide
c. GH
e. GnRH
d. Testosterone
Which of the following is a function of
e. ACTH TSH?

What hypophyseal structure receives a. Activation of thyroid follicular cells

signals from the hypothalamus via the
hypophyseal portal system? b. Increase of iodine trapping in
follicular cells
a. Follicular medulla
c. Increased thyroglobulin synthesis
b. Adenohypophysis
d. Increased release of T3
c. Neurohypophysis
e. Increase release of T4
d. Pars intermedia
f. All of the above
e. Suprachiasmatic nucleus
g. Only 4 of the above
Low blood glucose typically results in
the secretion of all of the following EXCEPT: The ______ cells of the pancreas
secrete insulin.
a. Glucagon
a. F
b. Thyroxine
b. Chief
c. hGH
c. Principal
d. PTH
d. Alpha
e. 3 of the above
e. Beta
Which of the following is a function of
glucocorticoids? f. Delta
 The general adaptation syndrome is Oxytocin is secreted by the:
activated by the:
a. Adenohypophysis
a. Hypothalamus
b. Neurohypophysis
b. Adrenal gland
c. Zona glomerulosa
c. Pituitary gland
d. Pars intermedia
d. Thyroid gland
e. Cervical stretch receptors
e. Epinephrine release
A lack or decrease in insulin hormone
Say you ate 25 sugar cubes and then receptors on cells can result in:
drank a liter of Mountain Dew, which
hormone might be secreted in large a. Diabetes insipidus
amounts as a result?
b. Type I diabetes mellitus
a. Insulin
c. Type II diabetes mellitus
b. Glucagon
d. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
c. Prolactin
e. Gestational diabetes
d. GnRH
Vasopressin is the same hormone as
e. Somastinin ____________.
The general adaptation syndrome:
Somatostatin is secreted by the:
a. Is a mechanism to maintain
a. Pancreatic F cells homeostasis when under stress

b. Pancreatic delta cells b. Resets the levels of controlled

conditions in the body in response to
c. Zona fasciculata stress

d. Parafollicular cells c. Is part of the sympathetic response

e. Bronchial clara cells d. Reduces the amount of stress

encountered
A tumor in the adrenal zona
glomerulosa may cause hypersecretion of e. None of the above
the hormones in that region. Which of the
following might you expect to find in a Which of the following characteristics
patient with such a tumor? is the same for the nervous and the
endocrine systems
a. Increased blood sodium levels
a. Target cells affected
b. Increased blood glucose levels
b. Latent period for onset of actions
c. Decreased blood calcium levels
c. Duration of actions
d. Increased dehydration
d. Mechanism of signalling
e. Increased ketoacidosis
e. None of the above
 Hyposecretion of cortisol can cause: that release their secretions directly into
the blood.
a. Cretinism A) exocrine
B) endocrine
b. Diabetes mellitus C) circulatory
D) excretory
c. Diabetes insipidus

d. Addison's disease 84) Which of the following glands does not

belong to the endocrine system?
e. Grave's disease A) pituitary
B) thyroid
During hyperglycemia, pituitary GH C) parathyroid
secretion will __________________. D) salivary
As blood [somatomedin] increases,
pituitary GH secretion will _______________.
As GH secretion increases, liver
glycogenolysis will _______________. 85) Which of the following is not a chemical
As GH secretion decreases, fat class of hormones?
catabolism will ______________. A) protein
As thyroid hormone levels increase, B) steroid
tissue O2 consumption will _____________. C) glycoprotein
As thyroid hormone levels increase, D) carbohydrate
pituitary TSH secretion will ______________.
As hypernatremia progresses, cortisol
secretion will __________________.
As hypoxia progresses, cortisol 86) Which of these is not a steroid?
secretion will _________________. A) adrenalin
As cortisol secretion increases, blood B) cholesterol
[glucose] will _________________. C) progesterone
As cortisol secretion increases, D) cortisone
protein anabolism will _______________.
As PTH levels increase, plasma [Ca2+]
will ________________.
As plasma [Ca2+] increases, calcitonin 87) Which of the following is the precursor
secretion will ___________. that will result in the synthesis of the
Stress causes the adrenal medulla to others?
release: A) testosterone
B) cholesterol
a. Norepinephrine and ANP C) vitamin D
D) estrogen
b. Epinephrine and vasopressin

c. Epinephrine and norepinephrine 88) Which of these is not produced by the

anterior pituitary?
d. Epinephrine, norepinephrine and A) ACTH
vasopressin B) follicle-stimulating hormone
C) somatostatin
82) The two systems that act to control all D) somatotropin
body activities are the nervous and _____
systems.
A) circulatory
B) exocrine 89) Which of the following is not a
C) endocrine pancreatic hormone?
D) muscular A) glucagon
B) aldosterone
C) insulin
D) somatostatin
83) The _____ system includes the glands
 D) melanocyte

90) Which of the following is not a hormone

function?
A)increase cellular oxygen consumption 97) Which of the following directly
B) cause osteoblasts to divide influences or controls the other areas?
C) convert fibroblasts to osteoblasts A) anterior pituitary
D) alter genetic expression B) thyroid gland
C) hypothalamus
D) ovary and testis

91) Prostaglandins are _____ that affect

various functions.
A) proteins 98) Which of the following directly
B) carbohydrates stimulates mitosis?
C) nucleotides A) insulin
D) lipids B) somatotropin
C) corticotropin
D) growth hormone releasing hormone

92) Which factor is a direct cause of the

rheumatoid arthritis symptoms?
A) prostaglandin 99) The condition called _____ occurs in
B) cortisone adulthood and is evidenced by thickened
C) cortisol skull bones and distortions in the arms and
D) arachidonic acid hands.
A) dwarfism
B) giantism
C) myxedema
93) Which of the following is not a property D) acromegaly
of prostaglandins?
A) regulate blood pressure
B) effect reproductive functions
C) influence kidney Na+ movement 100) The hormone _____ causes the breast to
D) all of these are functions increase its synthesis of milk.
A) PRL
B) oxytocin
C) PRF
94) Which of these is an example of D) PIF
negative feedback?
A) insulin lowers blood sugar
B) GH causes osteoblast division
C) PTH raises blood calcium levels 101) Which of the following is not produced
D) low blood sugar inhibits insulin by the pituitary?
A) ACTH
B) FSH
C) ICSH
95) Releasing hormones are produced by D) GnRH
the _____.
A) hypothalamus
B) pituitary
C) thyroid 102) Which hormone decreases the
D) adrenal cortex production of urine?
A) ADH
B) adrenalin
C) oxytocin
96) Which hormone controls the ability to D) thyroxine
produce milk?
A) ACTH
B) PRL
C) FSH 103) Oxytocin is most closely related
chemically to _____.
A) antidiuretic hormone
B) prolactin
C) follicle stimulating hormone 110) Which of the following is not a
D) luteinizing hormone symptom of hyperthyroidism?
A) loss of weight
B) increased mental awareness
C) increased heart rate
104) ADH has the ability to increase blood D) increased ability to sleep
pressure by constricting blood vessels and
is therefore also called _____.
A) oxytocin
B) vasopressin 111) Graves disease can cause all of these
C) angiotensin except which one?
D) adrenocorticotropin A) exophthalmos
B) a positive autoimmune test
C) general edema
D) intolerance to heat
105) Which hormone plays the greatest role
in the contractions that occur in the uterus
during labor?
A) ADH 112) Which gland is assessed by the use of
B) estrogen radioactive iodine?
C) oxytocin A) parathyroid
D) prostaglandin B) thyroid
C) ovary
D) pituitary

106) Which hormone is most closely

involved with ovulation?
A) prolactin 113) The ______ directly antagonizes the
B) LH effect of calcitonin.
C) FSH A) thyroxine
D) estrogen B) parathormone
C) insulin
D) glucocorticoid

107) Which hormone exerts the greatest

influence on metabolism?
A) thyroxine 114) Osteoporosis most likely results from
B) cortisone _____.
C) insulin A) a deficiency of dietary calcium
D) parathormone B) increased calcitonin levels
C) increased PTH secretion
D) osteitis fibrosa

108) Which of the following is not true of

thyroxine?
A) needed for normal mental growth 115) Which of the following is the last step
B) increases carbohydrate utilization in the sequence of hormone synthesis in the
C) decreases lipid synthesis adrenal medulla?
D) decreases protein synthesis A) tyrosine
B) dopamine
C) epinephrine
D) norepinephrine
109) Which of the following is not true of
calcitonin?
A) increases bone calcium deposition
B) increases blood calcium 116) Which of the following is not true of
C) decreases blood calcium aldosterone?
D) inhibits osteoclasts A) secreted from the zona glomerulosa
 B) decreases blood Na+ levels one?
C) stimulated by angiotensin II A) blood sugar
D) raises blood volume B) heart rate
C) blood pressure
D) digestion

117) Which of these is not true of cortisol?

A) stimulates gluconeogenesis
B) decreases blood glucose
C) decreases protein synthesis
D) stimulated by ACTH
118) The following relate to Cushing's
syndrome except which one?
A) moon face and buffalo hump
B) under-secretion of ACTH
C) over-secretion of ACTH
D) hyperglycemia
119) The following are true of insulin except
which one?
A) can cause hypoglycemia
B) can cause hyperglycemia
C)produced in the islets of Langerhans
D) antagonized by glucagon
120) The hormone melatonin is secreted
from the _____ gland.
A) pituitary
B) pineal
C) thyroid
D) thymus
124) Where are the posterior pituitary
hormones manufactured?
A in neurosecretory cells that originate in
) the hypothalamus
B) in the posterior pituitary
C) in the anterior pituitary
D) in the brain stem
125) Which one of these anterior pituitary
hormones shows increased secretion in
response to stress?
A) thyroid-stimulating hormone
B) adrenocorticotropic hormone
C) luteinizing hormone
D) prolactin
126) Drinking alcoholic beverages on hot
days is not safe because alcohol inhibits the
release of ____________ which normally helps
to conserve water during dehydration.
A) antidiuretic hormone
B) oxytocin
C) thyroxine
D) triiodothyronine

127) The thyroid hormones are responsible

121) The _____ gland is important for for regulating metabolic rate and calcium
producing immunity. and phosphate ion concentration in the
A) thyroid blood. Which thyroid hormone lowers
B) pituitary calcium and phosphate ion concentration in
C) thymus the blood?
D) pancreas A) thyroxine
B) triiodothyronine
C) calcitonin
D) thyroid-stimulating hormone
122) Which gland produces a hormone that
stimulates the production of blood cells?
A) kidney
B) heart 128) Hypothyroidism in infants can result in
C) liver _______________.
D) pancreas A) Grave's disease
B) cretinism
C) Hashimoto's disease
D) myxedema
123) In the general stress syndrome, all of
the following are increased except which
 ) blood
129) The hormone _______________, which is B) effects are slow and cyclic
secreted by the adrenal _______________, C) rapid acting effects
causes the kidney to conserve sodium and D) effects caused by chemicals
excrete potassium ions and indirectly helps
to maintain systemic blood pressure.
A) aldosterone; cortex
B) angiotensin I; medulla 135) Which of these is not an endocrine
C) cortisol; cortex gland?
D) epinephrine; medulla A) pancreas
B) testes
C) salivary gland
D) parathyroid
130) Sex hormones are secreted by
________________.
A) all endocrine tissues of the body
B)the inner cortex of the adrenal gland 136) Which is not a function of the
C the inner cortex of the adrenal gland hypothalamus?
) and the gonads A) affect heart rate
D) the gonads B) control temperature
C) affect water balance
D) secrete FSH

131) In the pancreas, ______________ cells

secrete insulin, which ____________ blood
levels of glucose. 137) Which of these hormones is released
A) delta; raises into the blood from the posterior pituitary?
B) alpha; lowers A) FSH
C) beta; raises B) LH
D) beta; lowers C) ACTH
D) ADH

132) What seems to be the cause of

juvenile-onset or insulin-dependent 138) Which hormone directly affects blood
diabetes mellitus (IDDM)? pressure?
A The receptors on the target cells A) ADH
) become no longer responsive to insulin. B) insulin
B Immune cells attack the pancreas that C) PTH
) can then no longer produce insulin. D) ACTH
C The individual consumes too much
) sugar, which causes an overload in the
bloodstream.
D Obesity seems to be the most common 139) The hormone _____ causes the
) cause of IDDM. contractions of labor.
A) prolactin
B) estrogen
C) oxytocin
133) The endocrine gland responsible for D) progesterone
the body's circadian rhythm is the
______________ gland.
A) thymus
B) pineal 140) Which hormone has the greatest
C) parathyroid influence on the ability to produce milk?
D) pituitary A) oxytocin
B) estrogen
C) prolactin
D) progesterone
134) Which of these is not an endocrine
property?
A hormones reach targets through the
141) Which hormone causes excessive A) True
skeletal growth or giantism? B) False
A) somatotropin
B) testosterone
C) insulin
D) somatostatin 149) Prostaglandins are known to cause the
smooth muscle of the uterus or intestines
to contract.
A) True
142) Which of these does not directly B) False
stimulate the gonads?
A) FSH
B) TSH
C) LH 150) The levels of insulin in the blood are
D) ICSH maintained at constant, stable, homeostatic
levels.
A) True
B) False
143) Which hormone has the greatest effect
on metabolism?
A) GH
B) thyroxine 151) The pituitary and adrenal gland can be
C) TSH controlled by the direct influence of the
D) ACTH nervous system.
A) True
144) The cells that are stimulated by B) False
hormones are referred to as its receptors.

A) True
152) As blood levels of thyroid hormones
increase, the secretions of TRH and TSH are
B) False reduced.
A) True
B) False

145) An organ can belong to the digestive

and endocrine systems simultaneously. 153) Alcohol is known to be a potent anti-
A) True antidiuretic.
B) False A) True
B) False

146) Hormones secreted by the adrenal 154) The hypothalamus of the brain has
gland can have direct neurological effects. osmoreceptors, which are sensitive to
A) True changes in blood concentration.
B) False A) True
B) False

147) Oxytocin is a protein secreted by the

posterior pituitary. 155) Diabetes insipidus is a condition that
A) True results in edema and swelling because of an
B) False excess of ADH.
A) True
B) False

148) Prostaglandins are considered

hormones, which are stored within cells and
released on demand. 156) Cretinism is a condition of physical and
mental retardation that is the result of a
deficiency of thyroxine.
A) True
B) False 165) High levels of TSH would suppress
thyroxine by negative feedback.
A) True
B) False
157) It is possible to have high levels of TSH
but a decrease in the levels of thyroxine.
A) True
B) False

158) Thyroxine production can be increased

by TSH or antibodies.
A) True
B) False

159) Male sex hormones can be produced

by the testes or adrenal glands.
A) True
B) False

160) Cortisone can either cause or inhibit

inflammation.
A) True
B) False

161) The pancreas is an endocrine and

exocrine gland that secretes insulin from
the alpha cells.
A) True
B) False

162) It is possible to find all the hormones

in a blood sample taken from the arm.
A) True
B) False

163) All hormones secreted by the pituitary

actually came from the hypothalamus.
A) True
B) False

164) Diabetes insipidus results from an

excess production of ADH.
A) True
B) False