English Test (New Pattern)

1. Individual visitors to Rio and other Olympic venues are low-hanging fruit for hackers.
Whether via phishing (tricking someone into providing their financial account
information often via an attachment in an email or a fake website that purports to sell
or give away tickets), an ATM skimmer (which reads and records the card's information,
including password) or point-of-sale malware (like that used in the 2013 Target breach),
it's not hard for cybercriminals to trick the unsuspecting. While government officials will
certainly try to contain that activity, they're more concerned about larger-scale
breaches.________ In the months leading up to the games, the agency has identified
1,600 groups responsible for more than 20,000 attacks on public institutions in recent
years.
(a) Financial institutions will also be an attractive target, says Pastor. But in Brazil that's
nothing new.
(b) "The cloud, ultimately, offers more operational security than the distributed systems
we've had in the past," says Mark Testoni, president of SAP National Security Services.
(c) Salat says Avast expects attempted attacks on the Rio Olympics to be quadruple the
number organizers faced in London in 2012.
(d) ABIN, Brazil's intelligence agency, is monitoring roughly 40 groups of hackers it
believes has the ability to hack "sensitive structures," such as federal databases
(e) For ex. ABIN discovered nearly 1600 groups which may be responsible for the multitude
of attacks happened in recent years.

2. Which one does not belong in the paragraph?

(a) The experience of investors with these new products, however, has not been good, and
the demand for them has dipped significantly.
(b) What's more, the pipeline of new offerings is starting to dwindle.
(c) There are now more than 1,300 alt funds in the market, but assets under management
totaled $175 billion at the end of April, versus the peak of $183 billion in August 2014,
according to data from research firm Morningstar
(d) The growth of so-called liquid alt funds that invest in a wide range of alternative assets
and hedge fundlike trading strategies has fed off the hunger of individual investors for a
broader array of investing options.
(e) Many of the hedge fund managers that have come to the retail market with 40 Act funds
are not managing them in the same way, and while performance figures in the opaque
hedge fund space are hard to confirm, industry experts say the alt fund returns are in
many cases much lower than those of the hedge funds they partially mimic.
 3. North Korea continues to ignore international warnings following the launch of not one,
but two ballistic missiles this month, continuing a streak of frenzied weapons activity so
far this year.The acts, which are in clear violation of United Nations (UN) resolutions,
underlined the age-old question of what can be done to stop the rogue nation. The answer
is, very little, unless three of the world's superpowers cooperate. On August 3,
Pyongyang test-fired two ballistic missiles, one which landed inside Japan's exclusive
economic zone for the first time, while the other one reportedly exploded after launch.
Wednesday saw a submarine-launched missile enter Japan's air defense identification
zone. ____It also came two days after South Korea and the U.S. began annual military
exercises that North Korea has historically condemned.

(a) North Korea is believed to possess more than 1,000 missiles of various models, including
intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) that are used to fire nuclear warheads,
according to the National Committee on North Korea, a non-partisan research coalition.
(b) August's incidents follow July's firing of three ballistic missiles into the sea, a mid-range
missile launch in June, a long-range rocket launch in February and the country's fourth
nuclear test in January.
(c) The development and proliferation of Pyongyang's missile industry is viewed as major
security threat, not only because of the frequent threats leader Kim Jong Un issues to
Washington and Seoul, but because missile technology is linked to the country's nuclear
capabilities.
(d) The latter launch was strategically timed, taking place during a meeting of Japanese,
Chinese and South Korean foreign ministers in Tokyo.
(e) Only the U.S., China and Russia can stop North Korea's recent escalation, according to
Michael Ivanovitch, president of research firm MSI Global and a former OECD senior
economist.
4. Two sentences are given; they can be started or connected with one or two words
1. People in New Jersey built their houses very close to the shoreline.
2. They have had to spend a lot of money trying to protect their property from the sea.

(A) Since
(B) Some,
(C) Consequently
(D) Because

1. (A) only
2. (B) or (C)
3. (B) and (C)
4. (D) only

5. Antonym/Synonym, Closest or farthest in meaning

Nonpareil

(a) Ubiquitous
(b) Perspicacious
(c) Paragon
(d) Caviling

6. Confutative
(a) Argumentative
(b) Substantiation
(c) Inadequacy
(d) Bedazzle
 7.
(1) People believed that the earth was flat.
(2) We know it is spherical.
(a) Previously
(b) However
(c) Now

1. (a) or (b)
2. (a) or (c)
3. (a) and (c)
4. (b) only

8.
1. I have a degree in Early Childhood Education;
2. I have six years experience working with young children.

(a) Not only

(b) Furthermore
(c) In addition to

1. (a) only
2. (b) only
3. (a) or (b)
4. (b) or (c)

9.
1. The settlers worked very hard.
2. They did not manage to harvest sufficient food to ensure their survival.

(a) Though
(b) However
(c) But

1. (a) or (c)
2. (b) only
3. (a) only
4. (a) or (b)
10. Which one does not belong?
(a) While most analysts say OPEC members are all talk, and no action, some say there is an
outside chance members could feel pressured enough to act if crude prices are in free fall.
(b) Talk of a deal, along with dollar weakness, has driven oil prices sharply higher in a short
period of time, to a recent peak of $48.75 in West Texas Intermediate crude futures.

(c) Members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries have said they would
discuss at their late September meeting whether a freeze or some other action is needed to
stabilize oil prices, after a number of high-profile failures to reach an agreement.
(d) But fresh data showing a continued overhang in U.S. supply knocked prices lower again,
and WTI futures settled at $46.77 per barrel Wednesday..
(e) Some producers, like Saudi Arabia have been hoping to tap the debt market again, and
firmer oil prices work in their favor, according to Helima Croft, global head of
commodity strategy at RBC Capital Markets.

11. Stock traders have been watching out for Janet Yellen all week, but they were blindsided
by Hillary Clinton.________. But they will also be licking their wounds after Democrat
Clinton punctured the health-care sector with one powerful tweet Wednesday afternoon.
The IBB Nasdaq Biotech ETF fell 3.4 percent, after Clinton tweeted that there's no
justification for the high prices Mylan is charging for EpiPens.

(a) "Hillary took the air out of that sector and that hit other momentum names," said Scott
Redler, chief strategist at T3Live.com.
(b) Mylan has been under fire for the dramatic price hikes in EpiPens, livesaving devices for
people with severe allergies. Prices have gone from $100 in 2008 to more than $600 for
some customers.
(c) Fed watching should continue Thursday, as traders digest durable goods and jobless
claims data ahead of Friday's Jackson Hole speech by the Fed chair
(d) Markets have been meandering on light volume this week as traders speculate about
whether Fed Chair Yellen will give any clues on rate hikes in her much anticipated
speech Friday.
(e) Redler said the sell-off in gold and the gold miners Wednesday suggested that investors
might be thinking that Yellen will be hawkish.
12. The patriarch in House of Hate creates within his household an atmosphere of fear.
In The Time of Their Lives, the grandfather instills a perpetual fear in the lives of his
children and his wife.

(a) Similarly
(b) In the same way
(c) In addition to

1. (a) only
2. (b) only
3. (a) or (c)
4. (a) or (b)
5. (c) only

13. Antonym/Synonym

Malodorous

(a) Mephitic
(b) Quaint
(c) Maudlin
(d) Tenuous

14. Which one does not belong?

(a) The CBOE Volatility Index (VIX), widely considered the best gauge of fear in the
market, rose 8.2 percent, or 0.93 points, to close at 12.27
(b) The stock market's "fear gauge" posted one of its best trading days since the United
Kingdom voted to leave the European Union.
(c) The VIX last saw a double-digit gain when it shot up 49.33 percent the day after the U.K.
voted to leave the European Union, amid fears about the stability of the EU and the
European economy.
(d) In intraday trading, the index was on track to notch its biggest one-day gain since June
24, the day after the vote.
(e) Since the Brexit vote, the stock market has recovered and the S&P 500 has risen to all-
times but on relatively low volatility.
(f) But the VIX is still holding at near two-year lows.
15. Shares of Disney jumped at the open on Wednesday following news that it is combating
slow subscriber growth with a $1 billion investment to acquire a 33 percent stake in
sports-streaming service BamTech. Disney shares have fallen more than 10 percent in the
past year over concerns about Disney's growth, as more customers are cutting the cord on
its ESPN cable service. _______The media giant intends to launch a new digital service
that will be separate from its current cable offering. However, Elevation Partners co-
founder Roger McNamee said the transition for Disney could be a difficult one. "I think
this was a really smart move for Disney," McNamee said. "I think the situation Disney
faces today is a little bit like the one that Apple faces for the iPhone; that when you have
been magnificently successful more successful than your competitors it is often
hard to come up with a second act that makes for a smooth transition."

(a) Cahall added that the reason for the stock being fairly valued is that much of the growth
for Disney stems from parks and resorts, which is more of a cyclical business.
(b) McNamee added that under Disney's traditional cable package, 80 million people paid for
ESPN whether they wanted it or not
(c) Bullish investors love the long-term cash flow of Disney's studio and theme parks, but
bearish investors are focused on the media networks and subscriber loss.
(d) BamTech was created by Major League Baseball.
(e) As a result, the question on many investors' minds is whether Disney's current share price
is valued fairly.

16.
1. The captain ignored his own good judgement.
2. The ship was lost at sea.

(a) Consequently
(b) Hence
(c) Because
(d) Therefore

1. (a) or (d)
2. (b) or (c)
3. (a) or (c)
4. (b) or (d)

17.
(a) And overly focused on themselves, they can easily miss the mark when they try to.
(b) Dictionaries define self-absorption unappealingly as preoccupied with oneself or ones
own affairs, frequently adding that its to the exclusion of others or the outside world.
(c) As such, they typically make little effort to understand others thoughts and feelings.
(d) Not only is the root definition of the term negative, but its also super-saturated with
unfavorable connotations.
(e) That is, self-absorbed individuals typically dont show much concern about anyone or
anything outside their (narrow) self-interest.
 18. Freud was born in Frieberg, Moravia in 1856, but when he was four years old his family
moved to Vienna where he was to live and work until the last years of his life. In 1938
the Nazis annexed Austria, and Freud, who was Jewish, was allowed to leave for
England. For these reasons, it was above all with the city of Vienna that Freuds name
was destined to be deeply associated for posterity, founding as he did what was to
become known as the first Viennese school of psychoanalysis from which flowed
psychoanalysis as a movement and all subsequent developments in this field. The scope
of Freuds interests, and of his professional training, was very broad. He always
considered himself first and foremost a scientist, endeavoring to extend the compass of
human knowledge, and to this end (rather than to the practice of medicine. He enrolled at
the medical school at the University of Vienna in 1873 _________He received his
medical degree in 1881, and having become engaged to be married in 1882, he rather
reluctantly took up more secure and financially rewarding work as a doctor at Vienna
General Hospital.

(a) Shortly after his marriage in 1886, which was extremely happy and gave Freud six
childrenthe youngest of whom, Anna, was to herself become a distinguished
psychoanalyst
(b) Freuds most important and frequently re-iterated claim, that with psychoanalysis he had
invented a successful science of the mind, remains the subject of much critical debate and
controversy.
(c) Freuds innovative treatment of human actions, dreams, and indeed of cultural artifacts as
invariably possessing implicit symbolic significance has proven to be extraordinarily
fruitful, and has had massive implications for a wide variety of fields including
psychology, anthropology, semiotics, and artistic creativity and appreciation.
(d) He concentrated initially on biology, doing research in physiology for six years under the
great German scientist Ernst Brcke, who was director of the Physiology Laboratory at
the University, and thereafter specializing in neurology.
(e) Freud set up a private practice in the treatment of psychological disorders, which gave
him much of the clinical material that he based his theories and pioneering techniques on.

Ans (d)

19. Which one does not belong?

(a) Orphaned during the partition of India, Singh moved to India from Pakistan in 1947.
(b) He eked out a living by working in a roadside restaurant before joining the Indian army.
(c) Milkha Singh, byname the Flying Sikh (born October 17, 1935, Lyallpur [now
Faisalabad], Pakistan) Indian track-and-field athlete who became the first Indian male to
reach the final of an Olympic athletics event when he placed fourth in the 400-metre race
at the Rome 1960 Olympic Games.
(d) It was in the army that Singh realized his abilities as a sprinter. After winning the national
trials in the 200-metre and 400-metre sprints, he was eliminated during the preliminary
heats for those events at the Melbourne 1956 Olympic Games.
(e) He narrowly lost the bronze medal in the 400 metres at the Rome 1960 Olympic Games,
missing out on third place in a photo finish.
20.
(a) "The evidence of the past 15 years in Japan and certainly in the past six years in the
United States suggest otherwise," said Gross, manager of the Janus Global Unconstrained
Bond Fund.
(b) Bond guru Bill Gross' frustration with the Federal Reserve intensified Friday after Chair
Janet Yellen suggested the central bank may consider purchasing other asset classes
should another recession appear.
(c) The Fed's thinking stems from a trickle-down notion of monetary policy that suggests
great financial wealth leads directly to higher investment in the real economy, Gross said
on CNBC's "Power Lunch."
(d) "I continue to be disappointed by her focus on financial markets, close to negative
interest rates and now the potential for purchases of corporate bonds and stocks at some
point. "
(e) "For example, future policymakers may wish to explore the possibility of purchasing a
broader range of assets," she said.

21. It happened at the end of high school. The young athlete would get up before school to
run and lift, attend a full day of school, practice after school with the team, and then train
even more on her own after that. It was too much, and the rising star nearly walked off
the court for good_________ "I started playing volleyball and set my mind to becoming
an Olympian in volleyball." She said. While 365 days without practice would be enough
to sideline most athletes, Donne came back with full force.
(a) "I actually gave up the game after high school and put the basketball away for a year,"
(b) "I knew the second I picked the ball back up and started playing that I wanted to get back
into it,"
(c) Donne recently took home a gold medal at the 2016 Rio Olympics for the U.S. women's
basketball team.
(d) "Without the passion, you've got nothing," she said. "You need the passion to put the
practice and preparation in."

22.

(a) The media company's videos include trick shots and stunts, behind-the-scenes footage
and training videos.
(b) NBC Sports, Sky Sports and Tegna are investors.
(c) Whistle Sports is a media company that specializes in creating sports videos for on
and offline. Its minority owners include the MLB, NFL, PGA and Nascar.
(d) While it does do traditional sports highlights occasionally, most the content isn't
direct footage from a sports league. Instead, videos are about the lifestyle and culture
around sports, or even alternative sports like Ultimate Frisbee.
(e) Whistle Sports believes young viewers ages 25 and under are even more different
than previous generations. When it comes to sports content, they don't want to sit
back and passively watch: They want to create their own videos.
23. Many portfolio managers, on the hunt for winning bets, always keep an eye on unloved
companies. ______Wood believes electric vehicles will be moving onto the scene faster
than people realize. For that reason, she's betting big on Tesla. "[Electric cars] are four
times more efficient than traditional cars," she said. "We think electric vehicles are going
to ramp up, thanks to Tesla, much faster than people anticipate."

(a) For her part, Wood at ARK Invest said she remains bullish on Amazon.
(b) "We think electric vehicles are going to ramp up, thanks to Tesla, much faster than
people anticipate." -Catherine Wood, founder and CEO of ARK Invest
(c) Catherine Wood, founder and CEO of ARK Invest, and Christopher Retzler, portfolio
manager at Needham Funds, are no exceptions.
(d) For ex Retzler likes Schlumberger Ltd., an oilfield services firm that employs about
100,000 people. The firm impressed Retzler too because behind those oilfield services is
"a massive technological deployment into the energy patch."

24. I love to write research papers for school.

I really enjoy receiving large amounts of homework from my instructors.

(a) Moreover
(b) Similarly
(c) Not Only
(d) But also

1. (a) only
2. Either (b) or (c) and (d)
3. (b) only
4. Either (a) or (c) and (d)

25. Athletes go through training drills in order to be agile on the field,

Musicians practice scales so that they can perform with ease.

(a) Just as
(b) So do
(c) On the contrary
(d) Similarly

1. (a) and (b)

2. Either (a) and (b) or (d)
3. Either (a) and (b) or (c)
4. (d) only
26. I respect his intelligence,
I admired his qualifications.

(a) Not only, but also

(b) Both, and
(c) Similarly
(d) In the same way
1. (a) only
2. (b) only
3. (c) or (d)
4. (a) or (b)
5. All of the above

27. I respect his intelligence,

I admired his qualifications.
I did not hire him.

(a) Although
(b) But
(c) Given that
(d) However

1. All of the above except (a)

2. All of the above except (b)
3. All of the above except (c)
4. All of the above except (d)
5. Any of the two

28. I am working on becoming healthier;

I now go to the gym daily.

(a) Specifically
(b) For example
(c) to illustrate

1. only (b)
2. (b) or (c)
3. (a) only
4. (a) or (c)
29.
(a) Norwalk, Connecticut-based HEI, which is privately held, said malware designed to
collect card data was found on HEI's systems.
(b) The breach follows similar attacks at Hyatt Hotels and Starwood Hotels & Resorts
Worldwide in recent months.
(c) The company has informed federal authorities and has installed a new payment
processing system that is separate from other parts of its computer network.
(d) A data breach at 20 U.S. hotels operated by HEI Hotels & Resorts for Starwood,
Marriott, Hyatt and Intercontinental may have divulged payment card data from tens of
thousands of food, drink and other transactions, HEI said on Sunday.
(e) The malware was discovered in early to mid-June on payment systems used at
restaurants, bars, spas, lobby shops and other facilities at the properties, Chris Daly, a
spokesman for HEI, said in emails and phone calls.

30. Reading is a pretty solitary act; never lonely, but solitary. Its quite nice then to come
across a particularly lovely passage and find it marked already, to read a word you dont
understand and discover its meaning in the margin, to know that not just the story you
read but the very book you hold has been read and loved by another. Therell be those
who wont agree; readers who need a clean, fresh copy of a book they can make entirely
their own, so that it only falls open to the pages they love best, and the only ink it carries
comes from the printing press or their own pens. _____A new book, fresh off the press,
has room for memories and imprints. It allows me to take it in, love it, let it remember me
And then maybe one day, itll reach someone else, so that they too will find that
sometimes fifty rupees can buy you not just a book but a lifetime of memories.

(a) Sometimes, I have to look for the signs, to actively hunt for them, and more often than
not, I find them.
(b) Sometimes, therell be books that look almost new and unread; their condition pristine,
their pages white.
(c) Sometimes a new book fares better than the old as it can buy you a bouquet of memories
you can have with all the time.
(d) Sometimes I agree with them, but my reasons are perhaps not always the same as theirs.
(e) Sometimes I was lucky, like in the case of a copy of Molly Keanes Time After Time,
with the slightly altered lyrics of Leonard Cohens.

31.

(a) Its a reminder of how much our appreciation of prose and poetry is informed by our
imagining of the writers mind and method, in a way that literary criticism alone cannot
fully convey.
(b) Each reader brings an interpretation to the book and takes away so much more or less
than what the writer had intended.
(c) But what may be the writers expectations of the readers input? Richard Cohens page-
turner, the invitingly (if misleadingly) titled How to Write Like Tolstoy: A Journey Into
The Minds Of Our Greatest Writers (Penguin Random House), has a chapter that focuses
on the importance of that question in an entirely different way.
(d) Cohens ability to force us to appraise our own agency as readers that in another chapter,
on plagiarism, before you know it he has gone past standard-issue definitions of the
offence to focus on the outrage of living persons at having themselves used as models.
(e) In a chapter on irony, Cohen, veteran publisher and editor, attempts to define irony, while
noting that its a tricky word: A short formal definition would be that irony is a
tension between what something is supposed to mean and what it actually means.

32. TB drug resistance occurs primarily due to incorrect regimens, intake of drugs
irregularly or intake of drugs for very short duration of time. From our study, it appears
that pharmacies are not playing a role in deciding the anti-TB regimens and are also not
dispensing anti-TB drugs over-the-counter, at least in the three cities that we studied.
_______he says in an e-mail to The Hindu. One reason why pharmacies did not dispense
first-line, anti-TB drugs could be because they belong to a more stringent Schedule H1
category of drugs where details of the prescription and name of the doctors and patients
have to be documented and the registry retained for two years.

(a) The study shows that pharmacies are not playing any role in increasing TB resistance in
the country,
(b) The study shows that pharmacies are not playing any role in increasing TB resistance in
the country, says Dr. Srinath Satyanarayana, from McGill University, Montreal, Canada,
who is the lead author of the paper that was published on August 26, 2016.
(c) So the drug resistance in India could be due to either patient related-factors or provider-
related factors or health system related factors (which has not created a system for all TB
patients in the country to access quality assured diagnosis and treatment free of cost and
seamlessly),
(d) That nearly 37 per cent of the pharmacies are handing out antibiotics to persons
presenting with TB symptoms is really worrisome,
(e) In the case of TB patients with microbiological confirmation of TB disease, antibiotics
(without anti-TB properties) will be ineffective and unnecessary, and can delay the
initiation of proper therapy for patients. These patients will continue to spread the disease
in the community and TB disease will continue to progress in the individual concerned.
Steroids reduce body immunity, suppress symptoms temporarily and can worsen the TB
disease,

33.

(a) Mobile phones, lifelines for the villagers and the only connection to the outside world,
when powered ran for a week.
(b) The inhabitants of this basti were accustomed to travelling 25 km to Gadra village to
charge their mobile phones.
(c) A shopkeeper there would ask for Rs.10 to charge each phone
(d) We used to take 10 phones once a week to get them charged, says Pan Singh.
(e) The Singhs got an electricity connection under the Modi governments flagship scheme
of rural electrification launched in July 2015, the Deendayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti
Yojana (DDUGJY).
34. Anandpur is an odd mix of upper castes (mostly Thakurs) and backward castes. Adversity
and deprivation is the glue that holds these communities together. Most of the villagers
wear a bemused look as officials from the electricity department come inquiring about
the availability of power here. ________He looks agitated. We were not informed about
the installation. What if the villagers refuse to pay for the power or their homes collapse
in the rains? he asks. The question hangs in the air, offering a glimpse of the fractious
relationship between the Centre and State.

(a) Says Rakesh Verma, senior official from Lucknow, wryly, : Ideally, the village should
be getting 14 hours of power but that seldom happens. Lets see what happens after the
elections.
(b) The embarrassment caused by this episode has left everyone on edge here and the U.P.
government is determined to keep a check on every connection by sending its officers to
the field. Kumar is one of them.
(c) Executive Director of Rural Electrification Corporation, Dinesh Arora, says, States have
generally preferred and adopted grid connectivity for most of the villages except in areas
where connectivity is either not feasible or cost-effective.
(d) Our ancestors will be happy. They never saw light, says a resident.
(e) Mukesh Kumar from the State Electricity Board examines 18 meters installed in
Anandpur and requests people to show their papers.

35.

(a) I had been fascinated, my pre-adolescent imagination already beginning to whisper

possibilities and stories to accompany this delightful find.
(b) The strangest thing I ever discovered between the pages of a second-hand book was a
pair of silk stockings, priced in pennies and sealed within the crinkly cellophane
wrapping that had yellowed with age.
(c) Even with the actual object gone, I couldnt quite forget the thrill of finding such a
tangible mark of the books previous owner hidden within it.
(d) Of course, back then, a lot of what I read or did was carefully curated by my parents, and
for some odd, unexplained reason, my mother seemed to be against those poor stockings
the moment I pulled them out from the book
(e) I hardly think shed be able to explain her discomfort even today.
36. Bike helmets are sometimes unfashionable and uncomfortable,
All cyclists should wear them.

(a) Even though

(b) Neverthless
(c) Thats why
(d) On the contrary

1. (a) only
2. (a) or (b)
3. All of the above except (c)
4. (b) or (d)

37. In many Middle Eastern countries, it is quite common for parents to find suitable brides
and grooms for their children.

Arranged marriages are unusual in the West.

(A) On the other hand,

(B) While
(C) Neverthless
(D) But

1. All of the above

2. All except (d)
3. (a) or (b)
4. All except (c)

38. I like living in the city.

My wife prefers the countryside.

(a) on the other hand,

(b) While
(c) Whereas

(a) All except (a)

(b) All except (b)
(c) All except (c)
(d) All of the above
39. Fossil fuel companies have worked relentlessly to convince the American public that
global warming is a 'Chicken Little' fantasy.

The insurance industry knows that global warming is real because hurricanes, cyclones,
and floods between 1990 and 1995 cost the industry about fifteen times as much as such
events had cost in the 1980s.

(a) Unlike
(b) In contrast to
(c) Whereas
(d) While
(e) On the other hand

1. All except (b)

2. All except (c)
3. All except (a)
4. All except (d)
5. All of the above

40. The average surface temperature of the moon, about the same distance as the Earth from
the Sun, is -18C. The moon, of course, has no atmosphere.

The average surface temperature of the Earth is +15C. This heating effect is called the
natural greenhouse effect.

(a) By contrast
(b) Unlike
(c) While
(d) However

1. All except (a)

2. All except (b)
3. All except (c)
4. All except (d)
41. Which does not belong?

(a) Besides valuations, he tends to focus on a company's management strength, product

range, consumer feedback, market size and share, free cash flows and corporate
governance.
(b) Garg has built a solid reputation for himself successfully handling two distinct mandates
in the form of tax savings funds and a dedicated MNC fund.
(c) He prefers companies with consistent earnings growth over the medium- to long-term and
fully backs his conviction bets.
(d) The stellar performance of his mid-cap schemeHDFC Midcap Opportunitieshas
taken its fund size beyond the Rs 12,000-crore mark, but he is not perturbed.
(e) The idea is to buy a sizeable share of strong businesses available at reasonable valuations
and participate in their long-term growth. Typically, companies with a cash surplus find a
place in Garg's portfolio.

42. The Chief Justice of India, T.S. Thakur, has repeatedly expressed his concern about the
chronic shortage of judges and questioned the delay on the part of the executive in filling
up vacancies in the high courts. It is a matter of equal concern that the executive and the
judiciary are yet to agree on a fresh Memorandum of Procedure (MoP) for appointments
to the superior courts. ______The Union government, tasked with revising the MoP, is
awaiting the approval of the Chief Justice and his senior colleagues for its draft
proposals. It may appear on the face of it that the two issues delay in filling up
vacancies and agreeing on a MoP are unrelated. But they are, inasmuch as it would be
odd to continue appointing judges under the collegium at a time when a new procedure
for doing so is under active consideration.
(a) Given that there are over 475 vacancies in the high courts, it is arguable whether so many
judges should be appointed under a system that is going to be shortly dispensed with and,
worse, considered inadequate and opaque.
(b) Even the Constitution Bench that invalidated the laws relating to the NJAC conceded that
the collegium process requires improvement. One judge even called for glasnost and
perestroika.
(c) While the crisis due to the shortage of judicial hands is apparent, there is no doubt that
any further delay in reforming the collegium system will hurt the institutions image.
(d) The Centre believes its draft MoP adheres to the framework laid down by the Supreme
Court.
(e) All in all, an early conclusion of the revised procedure is as much in the judiciarys
interest as that of the executive.
43.
(a) Had the electorate even remotely sensed the sheer complexity of the now-impending
divorce from the European Union, it may have allowed reason to prevail over
apprehensions.
(b) Two months since the seemingly irreversible referendum outcome in Britain, there are
more questions than answers about the shape of the countrys future in Europe.
(c) In the event, practically every single element of the case for Britain staying in the EU,
which the Leave camp dismissed as scaremongering, has emerged as a very real concern.
(d) Indeed, there are many who question even the necessity of carrying the outcome of the
referendum to its logical end, since Parliament is not bound by the advisory nature of the
popular verdict.
(e) Conversely, the Brexit mantra of take control rings more hollow with each passing day.

44.
(a) The same story is playing out this year too.
(b) Indias vulnerability to severe flooding during the monsoon is spectacularly demonstrated
year after year, with the season invariably ending in significant loss of life and property.
(c) One research study for the period 1978-2006 based on official data reports that there were
2,443 flood events that led to the death of nearly 45,000 people and caused economic
losses of $16 billion.
(d) Residents of five States are currently struggling to cope with the effects of intense
rainfall. Many of those lucky to have been rescued owe it to the National Disaster
Response Force, but such response systems naturally have limited efficacy in
predominantly rural States such as Bihar.
(e) The collapse of systems in acute conditions is undoubtedly a reflection of the lack of
robust regular services that could be upgraded for emergencies. This is particularly true
of health facilities in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.

45. Since many accidents take place along highways, access to the nearest medical facility is
not always easy.________A year ago, the Union Health Ministry directed hospitals that
they should not detain those who bring accident victims for admission. They should not
be required to pay for admission or registration, or asked intrusive questions beyond basic
particulars such as names and addresses. Though such guidelines and simplified
procedures are welcome, much more needs to be done to encourage people to get
involved in the rescue of accident victims. So far, only a few State governments have
adopted the Good Samaritan guidelines. All States must get actively involved in their
implementation. For it is from the regional domain that those who deal with such
situations the police, doctors, transport officials and magistrates are drawn. A good
 deal of sensitisation is needed, and it may help if State governments drew up their own
set of rules so that they become committed stakeholders in the cause.
(a) A factor that discourages bystanders from coming forward to take victims to a hospital is
the fear that they have to bear the costs associated with it or would be asked particular
questions such relation and motive.
(b) A factor that discourages bystanders from coming forward to take victims to a hospital is
the fear that they would be held responsible for the crime and persecuted.
(c) A factor that discourages bystanders from coming forward to take victims to a hospital is
the fear that in the absence of Good Samaritan guidelines their rights would be violated
and they would be badgered with questions about their personal matters and had to pay
for admission or registration.
(d) A factor that discourages bystanders from coming forward to take victims to a hospital is
the fear that they would be made to pay admission costs in a hospital or detained there for
long hours.
(e) A factor that discourages bystanders from coming forward to take victims to a hospital is
the fear that in the absence of assistance from key personnel such as police, doctors
they would face harassment and would be made to pay for the expenses thus incurred.

46.
(a) This is akin to lighting a matchstick in a hurricane condition and sustaining the flame
for six seconds.
(b) Sundays test flight, which attained six times the speed of sound (Mach 6) and was able
to achieve ignition and maintain stable combustion even at such high velocity for about
six seconds, is a big technological achievement
(c) Since it relies on oxygen present in the atmosphere, the trajectories of scramjet engine-
powered rockets are vastly different from conventional ones rockets with scramjet
engines should remain in the atmosphere for a longer period than normal rockets.
(d) The air intake mechanism and fuel injection systems were also successfully demonstrated
during the maiden test flight.
(e) Since the scramjet comes into play only when the rocket goes beyond Mach 5, an engine
that initially works at subsonic speed (as a ramjet) and later as a scramjet has to be
developed.
 47. In this sentence at least one but not more than two can fill the blank. Identify the word.

Despite their initial fears, most environmentalists now concede that the artificial reefs have had a
largely _______ effect on surrounding ecosystems.

(a) Unfounded
(b) Benign
(c) Caustic
(d) Interminable
(e) Innocuous
(f) Plaintive

48. Scholarship reductions and player defections notwithstanding, the new coach applied
himself to rebuilding the program with such _______ that the rest of the staff struggled to
match his enthusiasm.

(a) Cessation
(b) Indifference
(c) Rhetoric
(d) Fervency
(e) Heedlessness
(f) Zeal

49. After hours of practice and innumerable fruitless attempts to catch the balls, Allen was
finally forced to admit that he wasnt sufficiently _______ to be a juggler.

(a) Sedate
(b) Lumbering
(c) Dexterous
(d) Implicit
(e) Adroit
(f) Awkward

50. When I watch drivers routinely slam their cars to a halt, ___________ take corners on
two wheels, and blunder wildly over construction potholes and railroad crossings, I
consider it a ___________ to automotive design that cars don't shake apart far sooner.

A. gradually----curiosity
B. sensibly----blessing
C. gracefully----misfortune
D. habitually----tribute
51.
(a) Over the years, India has become a global hub for the practice of women being contracted
to carry others babies, usually for a payment.
(b) A comprehensive law to regulate surrogacy has been long overdue.
(c) While estimates of the size of the surrogacy market vary wildly, it is one in which the
woman carrying an embryo has been in a grey zone, with uncertain legal and
compensatory protection.
(d) The Union Cabinet has taken the first step towards regulation by approving the Surrogacy
(Regulation) Bill, 2016, but it has many problematic provisions.
(e) Only close relatives can be surrogate mothers, and once in a lifetime. Yet, it bars
foreigners, homosexual couples, unmarried couples and single people from taking the
help of an altruistic surrogate leaving it open to questions about discrimination and
inequality.

52. Find the error (a) He had not broken any laws and the authorities know who he is/(b) He
plans to surrender the disk to the government on Monday(c) the report states and says(d)
he claims to be a whistle-blower. (e) No error

53. Find the error (a) Castigating the government for also raising a public debate (b) on the
traditional practices of Sabarimala temple, (c)he said temples had learned (d)priests to
decide on their issues. (e) No error

54.
(a) It also lends a fillip to Indias aim of emerging as the third largest aviation market by
2020. The concept itself, though, is not new. Under the UPA government, a Ministry of
Civil Aviation report noted that States were becoming more receptive to the idea of
promoting regional air connectivity.
(b) Maharashtras move, this week, in becoming the first State to embrace the Regional
Connectivity Scheme (RCS) ticks a few boxes for the Centres ambitious plan to use civil
aviation to boost tourism, jobs and balanced regional growth across the country
(c) The report highlighted two points: the immense potential that lay in activating the nearly
450 dormant airports and airfields, and the need for a subsidy fund, which is a global
norm, in keeping such routes going
(d) Civil Aviation Minister Ashok Gajapathi Rajus remark that States would have to be
prepared to take some haircuts by providing free land and operational infrastructure,
and that the Centre would have to agree to forego excise on aviation fuel and service tax
on tickets signals that the scheme may end up testing the actual commitment of
governments both at the Union and State levels.
(e) A key point in that document was its optimism about India having 300-odd operational
airports by 2030, from about 80 now, by tapping into the potential of regional routes.
55. How much our security has been compromised by the leak of thousands of pages of
confidential documents related to the Scorpene submarines, under production in Mazagon
Dock Ltd., must be seriously investigated. This must be done in a manner that is free
from bureaucratic compromise or turf-protective tactics. ________The documents
contain details of combat and stealth capabilities, such as the frequencies at which they
would gather intelligence and their noise levels at various speeds. Information on diving
depths, range and endurance are also in the documents, suspected to have been taken out
of DCNS, the French company that designed the submarines. According to The
Australian, the documents contain magnetic, electromagnetic and infrared data as also
specifications of the submarines torpedo launch system and combat system. Till the
investigation is complete, it would be foolhardy to hazard the magnitude of the setback.
But it may calm anxieties if there is a joint parliamentary probe, informed by a bipartisan
spirit, to supplement an expert inquiry.
(a) The leaked data pertain to the six Scorpene submarines that India bought from the French
under a deal signed in 2005.
(b) The leak came to light when The Australian newspaper claimed it had unearthed certain
documents shedding light specifications of the 1,500-tonne conventional diesel-electric
submarine and demanded a parliamentary probe from the government.
(c) The Australian caused the furor when it released documents detailing technical
specifications of the 1,500-tonne conventional diesel-electric submarine procured from
the DCNS.
(d) The documents released by the Australian were enough to throw the light on the leak as it
contained not only technical specifications of the 1,500-tonne conventional diesel-electric
submarine but also specifications of submarines torpedo launch system and combat
system.
(e) The leak came to light when The Australian newspaper claimed it had accessed 22,400
pages of documents detailing technical specifications of the 1,500-tonne conventional
diesel-electric submarine.
56.
(a) It was at the end of 1985 and the 32-year-old microbiology student at the medical college
in Chennai (Madras), was looking for a topic for her dissertation.
(b) The idea came from her professor and mentor, Suniti Solomon.
(c) Formal tracking of Aids cases had begun in the United States in 1982 and the medical
authorities in India didn't want to be caught napping if the disease reached India.

(d) But at the time, the idea of that happening was widely considered "unthinkable", Nirmala
recalls.
(e) When it was first suggested she screen people for HIV/Aids, Sellappan Nirmala balked.
(f) In March 1987, she submitted her dissertation - Surveillance for Aids in Tamil Nadu -
wrote her exams, passed, and joined the vaccine production programme in the King
Institute of Preventive Medicine in Chennai, from which she retired in 2010.

57. The 32-year-old talks of the pride she feels in leading a business that has been run by her
family for 88 years. The store in the southern Indian city of Chennai was first opened by
her great-great-grandfather in 1928. Over the decades Nalli has become one of India's
best-known brands of saris. The traditional Indian garment for women, saris are lengths
of wide fabric which are first wrapped around the waist and then draped over one
shoulder. Lavanya says the brand's heritage and reputation for selling the finest silk saris
are central to its continuing appeal.______This signifies that business remains strong. Yet
as a growing number of Indian women are choosing to wear Western clothing, or less
formal Indian garments, Lavanya is using business skills she gained from spending
several years away from the family company to introduce new product lines and take the
firm into e-commerce.

(a) Nalli is renowned for selling hand-woven silk saris, which are made from the artisan
weavers in the Kanchipuram district of the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
(b) While saris still dominate on Indian city streets, it doesn't take long to spot young women
in Western casual wear such as jeans, t-shirts and shirts.
(c) Saris sold as special occasion wear for celebrations, festivals and marriages are not
cheap, with the most intricate examples costing as much as $3,100 (2,350).
(d) Nalli reports annual revenues of more than $100m (76m) across 29 Indian stores, plus
outlets in Singapore and California.
(e) The company has also launched a range of more affordable saris, made from cheaper
fabrics, such as a blend of polyester and cotton.
Fill In the blanks

58. Since he lacks the (i) _____________ to take on venerable public figures, the author, no
matter how (ii)____________ his social critiques are, will never be (iii) _____________
as a great satirist.

Blank (i) Blank (ii) Blank (iii)

(A) timorousness (D) ignominious (G) lionized
(B) contrition (E) harrowing (H) gainsaid
(C) temerity (F) perspicacious (I) tainted

59. All during the financial advisors presentation on investment options, Laura repeatedly
tried, to no avail, to (i)_________ Donovan of his positive impression of the speakers
motives. Donovan, however, was (ii)______________ in his convictions.

Blank (i) Blank (ii)

A. disabuse D. ambivalent
B. advise E. stalwart
C. convince F. steadfast

60. Brand loyalty plays a(n) (i) _________ role in many consumers buying habits. Market
research shows that consumers are likely to spend more on a product they grew up using
than they are to try a generic brand that offers the same (ii) __________ at a lower price.
The question is, just how much more are shoppers willing to spend for (iii) __________?

Blank (i) Blank (ii) Blank (ii)

A. speculative D. constituents G. nostalgia
B. quotidian E. accolades H. paranoia
C. appreciable F. idiosyncracies I. quality
 61. Potentially insightful and powerful analytical tools, the new electronic databases used to
drive corporate planning often lead to (i)_______________ hypotheses, chiefly, in
quantitative science and finance, areas in which inventive solutions achieved in the past
by more traditional means have been highly (ii)_______________.

Blank (i) Blank (ii)

A. creditable D. suspect
B. cogent E. adequate
C. inelegant F. efficacious

62. The movie is comprised of several vignettes, each presenting a character along with his or her
foil: a staid accountant shares an apartment with a (i)____________ musician; a tight-lipped
divorcee on a cross-country roadtrip picks up a (ii)____________ hitchhiker; and finally, and
perhaps most unconvincingly, an introverted mathematician falls in love with a
(iii)____________ arriviste.

Blank (i) Blank (ii) Blank (ii)

A. colorful D. garrulous G. unpredictable
B. insatiable E. untrustworthy H. gregarious
C. eminent F. forlorn I. bumbling
Answers

1. (d)
2. (e)
3. (d)
4. 3
5. (c)
6. (b)
7. 3
8. 4
9. 4
10. (e)
11. (c)
12. 4
13. (a)
14. (c)
15. (d)
16. 3
17. (d)
18. (d)
19. (e)
20. (e)
21. (a)
22. (e)
23. (c)
24. 4
25. 2
26. 4
27. 3
28. 3
29. (c)
30. (d)
31. (d)
32. (c)
33. (e)
34. (e)
35. (c)
36. 2
37. 3
38. (d)
39. 5
40. 4
41. (d)
42. (c)
43. (d)
44. (e)
45. (d)
46. (e)
47. (b) (e)
48. (d) (f)
49. (c) (e)
50. (d)
51. (e)
52. (a)
53. (d)
54. (d)
55. (e)
56. (f)
57. (d)
58. (c) (f) (g)
59. (a) (f)
60. (c) (d) (g)
61. (c) (f)
62. (a) (d) (h)
 VOCAB
1. Abject / Obsequious / Sycophantic - Completely without pride or dignity; self-abasing,
Abject also means experienced or present to the maximum degree
2. Aberration/ Anomaly - A state or condition markedly different from the norm
3. Abjure / Abnegate / Gainsay / Relinquish / Forswear - Formally reject or disavow a
formerly held belief
4. Abrogate / Deracinate / Repudiate / Withdraw - Revoke formally
5. Abscond / Vamoose/ Scarper - Run away hurriedly
6. Abstruse / Recherche / Esoteric / Involuted / Delphic / Arcane - Difficult to
understand, complex
7. Accede / Allow / Relent - Yield to another's wish or opinion; agree to a demand, request,
or treaty.
8. Accost / Importune - Approach and address (someone) boldly or aggressive
9. Gumption / Perspicacity / Acumen - Ability to make good judgements and take quick
decisions
10. Adumbrate - Describe roughly or give the main points or summary of, foreshadow (a
future event)
11. Eleemosynary - Relating to or dependent on charity, Charitable
12. Panegyric - A public speech or published text in praise of someone or something
13. Excoriate - Criticize (someone) severely
14. Tenous Very weak or slight.
15. Maudlin Self-pityingly or tearfully sentimental.
16. Quaint Attractively unusual or old-fashioned.
17. Mephitic Foul-smelling
18. Malodorous Smelling very unpleasant
19. Perspicacious Having a ready insight into and understanding of thing
20. Caviling Make petty or unnecessary objections
21. Nonpareil/Paragon Having no match or equal; unrivalled.
22. Barmecide Illusory or imaginary and therefore disappointing

23. Cacoethes - An urge to do something inadvisable\

24. Comminatory Threatening, punitive, or vengeful
25. Pantagruelian Enormous
26. Ersatz Not real or genuine

27. Laity Ordinary people

28. Exculpate Show or declare that (someone) is not guilty of wrongdoing

29. Purgation Purification or cleansing.

30. Usurious - Extortionate

31. Tendentious - Expressing or intending to promote a particular cause or point of view,
especially a controversial one.

32. Inculpate Accuse or blame.

33. Protracted Lasting for a long time or longer than expected or usual.

34. Waylay Ambush, hold up, stop or interrupt (someone) and detain them in conversation
or trouble them in some other way

35. Nadir The lowest or most unsuccessful point in a situation.

36. Rescission The revocation, cancellation, or repeal of a law, order, or agreement.

37. Quiescence Is a state of quietness or inactivity. the quality or state of being quiescent

38. Pandemonium Wild and noisy disorder or confusion; uproar.

39. Proffer An offer or proposal.

40. Sibylline - Relating to or characteristic of a sibyl; prophetic and mysterious.

41. Weal - Prosperity; happiness

42. Eucatastrophe Happy Ending

43. Fugacious - Tending to disappear; fleeting.

44. Gasconade Extravagant boasting.

45. Recreant Cowardly

46. Imbroglio An extremely confused, complicated, or embarrassing situation.

47. Depredating Steal from, typically using force; plunder.

48. Obscurantist - A person who is deliberately vague.
49. Emend/ expurgate/ bowdlerize Make corrections and revisions to (a text).

50. Panglossian Characterized by or given to extreme optimism,

51. Timorousness Full of fear; fearful
52. Panegyrize / Lionize / Venerate Give a lot of public attention and approval to
(someone); treat as a celebrity
53. Gainsay Deny or contradict (a fact or statement).

54. Insatiable/ edacious/ esurient Impossible to satisfy

55. Loquacious/ Garrulous Excessively talkative, especially on trivial matters.

56. Gregarious Fond of company; sociable

57. Benighted In a state of pitiful or contemptible intellectual or moral ignorance.

58. Nostalgia - Pleasure and sadness that is caused by remembering something from the
past and wishing that you could experience it again.
59. Schadenfreude Pleasure derived by someone from another person's misfortune.

60. Parvenu/ Arriviste/ Vulgarian A person of humble origin who has gained wealth,
influence, or celebrity.

61. Melee A confused fight or scuffle.

62. Saturnine Gloomy, Melancholy, Taciturn

63. Arrogate - seize and take control without authority
64. Hullabaloo/ Ado/ Palaver/ Brouhaha/ Pother - a commotion; a fuss.
65. Blandishment - flattery intended to persuade
66. Calumny - a false accusation of an offense
67. Circumlocution -an indirect way of expressing something
68. Compunction - a feeling of deep regret, usually for some misdeed
69. Enfranchise - grant freedom to, as from slavery or servitude
70. Enervate - weaken mentally or morally
71. Equanimity - steadiness of mind under stress
72. Snollygoster A shrewd or unprincipled person
73. Fecund - producing many new ideas, actually related to fertility
74. Grandiloquent - pompous, using a lot of big, fancy words in an attempt to sound
impressive.
75. Lugubrious - exaggerated mournful , to be mournful is to be sad and sorrowful. To be
lugubrious is to make a big show of being sad and sorrowful.
76. Multifarious - having many aspects
77. Obstreperous - noisily and stubbornly defiant
78. Pejorative - expressing disapproval
79. Phlegmatic - showing little emotion
80. Recalcitrant -stubbornly resistant to authority or control
81. Curmudgeon - a bad-tempered or surly person.
 82. Derided / Lampoon- express contempt for; ridicule.
83. Dulcet / Mellifluous/ Euphonious/ Canorous - sweet and soothing, melodious
84. Scurrilous - expressing offensive reproach
85. Solipsism - extreme egocentrism , the philosophical theory that the self is all that exists

Foreign Words Used Often In Newspapers

A priori: from the former. If you think something a priori, you are conceiving it before seeing
the facts. Presupposing.

Ad hoc: to this. Ad hoc refers to something that was creating for a specific purpose or situation.
An ad hoc political committee, for instance, is formed for one specific case.

Ad infinitum: to infinity. Something that goes ad infinitum keeps going forever. You could say
that your wife hassles you ad infinitum, for example.

Ad valorem: to the value. This expressed is used when something is related to the value of an
object or transaction, like an ad valorem tax which is proportional to the value of the product.

Ceteris paribus: other things being equal. This expressions if often used in economics where, in
order to impact of something on the economy (e.g., inflation or unemployment), you need to
hold other variables fixed.

De facto: common in practice, but not established by law. For example, english is the de facto
official language of the united states.

Honoris causa: for the sake of the honour: this is an honorary degree where an academic
institution grants a doctorate to someone without the formal requirements (exams and the like).
Usually the person receiving the degree has connections with the university or has made
important achievements in a certain field.

In toto: entirely.

Mutatis mutandis: with necessary changes. This expression is used to express agreement to
something that, however, still need to be changed or amended.

Per se: by itself. If something exists per se, for instance, it exists by itself, regardless of external
factors.

Sic: thus. Sic is usually used in newspapers or other publications (placed within square brackets
[sic]) to indicate that the spelling error or unusual phrase on a quotation was reproduced as it was
in the source, and therefore it is not an editorial error.
Vice versa: the other way around. If you write john loves mary, and vice versa, it means that
mary also loves john.

Q.e.d. (quod erat demonstrandum): which was to be demonstrated. This latin abbreviation is
often used at the end of mathematical theorems in order to demonstrate that proof is complete.

Legal latin expressions

Bona fide: good faith. In contract law, for instance, parties must always act in good faith if they
are to respect the obligations.

De jure: by law. Some states are currently working on legislation that would make english the de
jure official language of the united states.

Dictum (plural dicta): a statement that forms part of the judgment of a court.

Obiter dicta: a judges opinion offered in the course of a judgment but having no legal force.

Ex parte: from, by, or for one party in a dispute. An ex parte decision is one decided by a judge
without requiring all of the parties to the controversy to be present.

Habeas corpus: (we command that) you bring forth the body. In this case, the body (corpus)
refers to a living person who is being held in prison. The phrase has nothing to do with
producing the corpse of an allegedly-murdered person.

Ipso facto: by the fact itself. Parents who have deliberately mistreated their child are ipso facto
unfit custodians.

Mens rea: guilty mind. The u.s. legal system requires that when a crime is committed, the
perpetrator must have the intention to commit the crime. For example, a driver who strikes and
kills a pedestrian because of faulty brakes is guilty of manslaughter, but not of murder. There
was no intent to kill so the mind was not guilty. On the other hand, the wife who repeatedly runs
over her husband with her suv is guilty of murder because of her mens rea.

Pro bono: (the original phrase is pro bono publico) for the public good. Sometimes high-priced
lawyers come forward to defend suspects who would otherwise have to take their chances with
someone from the public defenders office. They work on the case pro bono, i.e., they dont
charge a fee.

Prima facie: by first instance this refers cases with sufficient evidence to warrant going
forward with an arraignment.

Quid pro quo: something for something. For example, the adas (assistant district attorneys)
make deals with criminals, giving them shorter sentences in exchange for information that will
enable them to convict other criminals. Another example of quid pro quo might occur between
two lawyers, each of whom gives up some advantage to gain another.
Famous Latin phrases

Divide et impera: divide and reign. It was a theory proposed by niccol machiavelli and used
previously by the roman senate to dominate the mediterranean.

Alea jacta est: the die is cast: this famous phrase was said by julius caesar upon crossing the
rubicon. Caesar was violating a law of the roman empire, hence why he was playing with luck.

Veni vidi vici: i came, i saw, i conquered. Another phrase said by julius caesar, this time upon
the victory over pharnaces, king of pontus.

Cogito ergo sum: i think, therefore i am. This phrase was originally said in french by ren
descartes, and it represents a corner-stone of the western philosophy. The latin translation is
more widely used, though.

Carpe diem: seize the day. This phrase comes from a poem by horace. The phrase was made
famous when it was used on the movie dead poets society.

Deus ex machina: god out of a machine. In ancient greece when a plot was complicated or
tangled, the play writers would just insert a god in the final act in order to solve all the problems.
Usually a crane machine was used to drop the actor on stage, hence the name.

Homo homini lupus: man is a wolf to men. This phrase was originally said by plauto, but other
philosophers also used it, including bacon and hobbes. The meaning is quite straight forward.