World Affairs Institute

Text of Munich Agreement: Between Germany, Great Britain, France, and Italy,
Concluded in Munich on September 29, 1938
Source: World Affairs, Vol. 101, No. 4 (December, 1938), pp. 249-251
Published by: Sage Publications, Inc.
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20663184
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World Affairs, December, 1938 249

factory to Bolivia. Theyfortsran from Esme

built by Bolivia along th
ralda on the Pilcomayo River, northeast
ian where fightingto started in
Fort 27th of November, and But then
Bolivia felt it had also g
eastward
to the Paraguay River. Paraguay
award. Of approved
the disputed norther
received
of the first line, though it 14,671
meant the square miles
surren
der of a fifty mile striptotal, more than
and several towns it would p
wonitby
claimed by Asunci6n. But continuing
objected to the w
the northern boundary boundary
and suggested an
completely protect
invasion. It is seventy-fiv
other line twenty miles north.
By July the negotiations had bogged
Villa Montes, and a hundred m
down, but persuasion oil
from the United
territory. Besides, it run
States and from Brazil, absolute
added to desert. Paraguayan
internal
have to advance
unrest in Bolivia and Paraguay, seventy-one
led the
warring countries to turn coming
over the to water.
final de
cision to an arbitration boardIn addition, Bolivia now c
and to ratify
mile triangle fronting on
their action in special elections.
River, convention
On August 29th a constituent granted it by Brazil b
in Bolivia and a popular of Petropolis.
plebiscite Bahia Negra
in Para
guay demonstrated that the Bolivian,
common and the bigger har
people
Casado (established
in both nations were overwhelmingly in by and na
favor of peace and willing famous to accept the family) is
Argentine
terms settled upon by livian thisuse. neutral com
mission composed of the presidents
VI of six
nations, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Peru,
Uruguay, and the UnitedEighteen
States. previous attempts to arbitrate
and
And finally, on October six previous
10th, thetreaties
report were unratified,
but now at last
of this commission was announced frompeacethe
seems assured be
tween
rose-colored Foreign Office Bolivia and
in Buenos Paraguay. Each has
Aires.
As the military victor,agreed
Paraguay
to send angot the to the other,
ambassador
larger share. Its boundary wasa legation
where formerly pushed had been enough.
westward 275 miles from thetreaties
Commercial Paraguay
are already being ar
River, and northward ranged. After years
250 miles, an of tension, a good
area
neighborincluding
equal to the state of Arizona, policy has begun
965in these inland
square miles more thannations of the
it held Southern
when theContinent. Amer
armistice began. Moreoverican this
peace policies have supplanted Euro
new bound
pean war practices.line of
ary did away with the threatening

il

International Documents
ment for guaranteeing the steps necessary for its
Text of Munich Agreement
Between Germany, Great Britain,
France, and Italy, Concluded in
Munich on September 29, 1938
Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and
Italy, taking into consideration the settlement
already agreed upon in principle concerning the
cession of the Sudeten German districts, have
agreed on the following conditions and procedure
and the measures to be taken, and declare them
selves individually held responsible by this agree
fulfilment:
1. The evacuation begins on October 1.
2. The United Kingdom of Great Britain,
France, and Italy agree that the evacuation
of the region shall be completed by October
10, without destruction of any of the exist
ing installations, and that the Czechoslovak
Government bear the responsibility for see
ing that the evacuation is carried out with
out damaging the aforesaid installations.
3. The conditions governing the evacuation will

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250 World Affairs, December, 1938

ZONES OF OCCUPATION IN CZE

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be laid down in
a basis the conditions of the Saar plebiscite. d
The commission will also fix thecomp
commission date at the end
Germany, of November on which the plebiscite will
the Unitbe
and held.
Czechoslovak
6. The final determination of the frontiers will
Stages of Occu
be carried out by the international commis
4. The sion. This commission will also recommend
occupation
nantly to the four Powers-Germany, the United
Sudeten G
man troops
Kingdom, France, and Italy-in certain
willex
four territories
ceptional circumstances minor modifications m
will be occupied
in the strictly ethnographical determination
following of the zones which are to be transferred
order:-T
1 on without plebiscite.
October 1 an
No. 2 on Octobe
7. There will be a right of option into and out
markedof the No. 3
transferred territories, the option to on
territory be exercised within
markedsix months of the date
The of this agreement. A German-Czechoslovak
remaining terr
man commission shall determine the details of the
character w
aforesaid internati
options and consider ways of facilitating the
and be occupied
transfer of populations and certain questions b
tober 10. of principle arising out of the said transfers.
5. The international commission referred to in
Release of Prisoners
paragraph 3 will determine the territories in
which a plebiscite is to be held. These terri 8. The Czechoslovak Government will within
tories will be occupied by international bodies the period of four weeks from the date of
until the plebiscite has been completed. The this agreement release from the military and
same commission will fix the conditions in police forces any Sudeten Germans who may
which the plebiscite is to be held, taking as wish to be released, and the Czechoslovak

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 World Affairs, December, 1938 251
Government will within many
theandsame period
Italy for their re a guarantee
part will give
to Czechoslovakia.
lease Sudeten German prisoners who are serv
ing terms of imprisonment The heads
forofpolitical
the Governments of of the four
fences. Powers declare that the problems of the Polish
ANNEX TO THE AGREEMENT and Hungarian minorities in Czechoslovakia, if
not settled within three months by agreement be
His Majesty's Government in the United King tween the respective Governments, shall form the
dom and the French Government have entered subject of a further meeting of the heads of Gov
into the above agreement on the basis that they ernments of the four Powers here present.
stand by the offer contained in Paragraph 6 of
SUPPLEMENTARY DECLARATION
the Anglo-French proposals of September 19 in
relation to an international guarantee of the new All questions which may arise out of the trans
boundaries of the Czechoslovak State against un fer of the territories shall be considered as coming
provoked aggression. within the terms of reference of the international
When the question of the Polish and Hungarian commission.
minorities in Czechoslovakia has been settled Ger MUNICH, September 29, 1938.

Inter-Parliamentary
RESOLUTIONS
Union
Adopted at Its Thirty-fourth Conference, The Hague, 1938
I enterprises on their own account without infring
ing upon the sovereignty of the metropolis.
Participation in the Development of Colonial
Resources It warmly recommends that this liberal policy
be extended, particularly in favour of nationals
The XXXIVth Conference of the Inter-Parlia from countries which do not possess colonies.
mentary Union endorses the resolutions adopted (d) It considers that the Bank for International
at the XXXIIIrd Conference (Paris, 1937) in re Settlements or a similar body might be used to
gard to free access to raw materials and insists facilitate the development of colonial territories
upon the importance of the problem of the free and the financial and commercial transactions in
circulation of men, capital, and goods, including volved.
raw materials. Faithful to its principles of international co
It notes the work performed by the League of operation, the Union is convinced that the joint
Nations Committee of Enquiry into the question use of natural colonial resources, together with
of Raw Materials and expresses its earnest hope international economic co-operation, will become
that concrete and practical solutions will be found. factors making for union and harmony between
(a) It is of opinion that, as regards the develop the nations, thus facilitating the limitation of
ment of the natural resources in colonies, it is pos armaments.
sible to consider certain measures which will en II
able all countries to take an active part in the
utilisation of raw materials without any alteration The Most-Favoured-Nation Clause
in the political status of the said territories, while 1. The XXXIVth Inter-Parliamentary Confer
safeguarding the interests of the native popula ence recalls the decision of the XXXIIIrd Con
tions. ference (Paris, 1937) which declared that the
(b) It recommends economic equality for all Most-Favoured-Nation Clause should be main
countries in colonial territories and in particular tained intact as constituting an important element
the progressive reduction of privileges and advan in the regulation of international commercial rela
tages, where these exist, in connection with the tions, its application to be unlimited and uncon
purchase of raw materials enjoyed by the nationals ditional.
of the metropolis. 2. Since, however, world economy has, in the
(c) It notes that colonial countries usually grant post-war period, undergone fundamental changes
concessions or other privileges to nationals of other which have influenced commercial policy, the Con
countries which enable them to establish colonial ference considers that those changes must be taken

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