An object is placed on the focus of an equiconvex lens ,

How is the image changed if (1) the radius of curvature of

the lens is somehow increased slightly ,(2) the refractive
index is somehow increased slightly?
1) 1/f =2(n-1)/R
R , f . Object between focus and pole. Image is virtual
and magnified.
2) n, f . Object between F and 2F. Image is real and
magnified.

Q9)a) When low lying aircraft passes over head, we sometimes notice slight
shaking of the picture on TV. Explain.
Weak radar signals sent by a ow flying aircraft can interfere with the tv signals
received by the antenna. As a result tv signals may get distorted.

b) In YDS if the two slits are illuminated by two bulbs of same power, will there be
interference?

No, because the phase difference between light coming from two
independent sources continuously change.

c) State the conditions for diffraction of light to occur?

Size of obstacle must be of the same order as of wavelength of incie=dent light.

d) What is phase difference between any two points on the wavefront?

R.P. of a compound microscope

= 2n sin 2n sin

I) When frequency c
increases, RP increases.
Ii) RP doesnt change with change in focal length of objective
lens.
Iii) When aperture increases, increases, so, RP increases.

Q 21 .Show that width central fringe is twice of secondary

maxima in youngs single slit exp
Two students are separated by a 7 m partition wall in a
room 10 m high. If both light
and sound waves can bend around obstacles, how is it
that the students are unable to
see each other even though they can converse easily?
For pronounced diffraction effect, the size of the obstacle should be comparable to
the wavelength of the waves. The size of partition is very large as compared to
the wavelength of light and hence it is not diffracted and the two students cannot
see each other.

The wavelength of sound waves is of the order of the height of partition. It causes
sound to diffract and hence they can converse with each other.

Tir derivation and totally refeected prism.

Q24)1)Two narrow slits are illuminated by a single monochromatic

source. Name the pattern obtained on the screen. One of the slits is
now completely covered. What is the name of the pattern now
obtained on the screen? Draw intensity pattern obtained in the two
cases.
When two narrow slits are illuminated by a single monochromatic source,
the
pattern obtained on the screen is interference pattern consisting of
alternative
bright and dark fringes. When one of the cities covered completely no
interference
occurs. When we obtain is diffraction pattern due to single slit.
Intensity pattern in the two cases are shown.
Diagram.

Interference Diffraction
1)Two coherent waves superimposed 1)Different wavelets of the same
each other as a result interference wave superimposed as a result
pattern is observed diffraction is obtained
2)width of all dark bands are equal 2)width of the central band is
as well as bright bands maximum
3)Intensity of all bright bands are
equal 3)intensity of central band is
maximum &decreases with
4) conditions for interference increasing order
maximum is a 4)conditions for diffraction
=2n =n maximum is a sin =(2n+1)/2
5)conditions for interference 5)diffraction minimum a sin=n
minimum
= (2n+1) = (2n+1) 6) intensity distribution graph
6)intensity distribution graph

Q 16 In Youngs double-slit experiment / 3 using monochromatic light of

wavelength, the intensity of light at a point on the screen where path
difference is, is K units. What is the intensity of light at a point where path
difference is? (2)
ANS 16 Let and be the intensity of the I two light waves. Their resultant
1
2
intensities can be obtained as:

Where, Phase difference
between the two wavesFor monochromatic light waves,

2
Pathdifference

Phase difference

Since path difference , Phase 2 difference,

Given, I K
When path difference , Phase 2 difference,

33
Hence, resultant intensity, 2
I 2 I I 1 cos
1
I R I2
'
1 I
1 12I 1 1 I1
2 3
Using equation , we can 1
I R I1 K
write: 4
Hence, the intensity of light at a point
K where the path difference is is units.
3
4

Q 18 A convex lens of focal length 10 cm is placed coaxially

5 cm away from a concave lens of focal length 10 cm. If an
object is placed 30 cm in front of the convex lens, find the
position & draw the ray diagram of the final image formed
by the combined system.
Ans)1/ v1 = 1/f1 + 1/ u1 , v1 = 15cm,
1/v2 = 1/f2 + 1/u2 , v2 =

1.44.
1.68
Q 29. (a) Figure shows a cross-section of a light pipe made of a glass fibre of
refractive index. The outer covering of the pipe is made of a material of refractive
index What is the range of the angles of the incident rays with the axis of the pipe for
which total reflections inside the pipe take place, as shown in the figure.

(b) What is the answer if there is no outer covering of the pipe? (3)

(a) Refractive , 1 1.68

index of the
glass fibre.

Refractive , 2 1.44
index of the outer covering of the
pipe

Angle of incidence Angle of refraction ri

Angle of incidence at the interface i

The refractive index of the inner core outer core interface is given as:
 2 1

1 sini '
For the critical angle, total .,i i 59
i'
internal reflection (TIR) takes sini ' 1

place only when, i.e 2

1.44
0.8571
Maximum angle of ,rmax 90 1.68
i ' 90
59 31
reflection
i ' 59
Letbe the maximum angle of incidence. ,imax

The refractive index at the air glass ,1 1.68

interface

We have the relation for the maximum angles of incidence and reflection as:

sinimax
1
sinrmax
Thus, all the rays incident at 0 i 60
angles lying in the range sinimax 1 sinrmax
1.68sin31
will suffer total internal 1.68 0.5150
reflection.
0.8652
(b) If the outer covering of imax sin1 0.8652 60
the pipe is not present, then:

Refractive index of the ,1 Re fractiveindexof air 1

outer pipe

For the angle of incidence we can i 90,write Snells law at the air pipe
interface as:

sini
2 1.68
sinr
Q 5) A
glass sin90 1
sinr
prism 1.68 1.68
has a r sin 0.5952
1

36.5
i ' 90 36.5 53.5
Sincei ' r ,allincident rayswill suffer tatal int ernalreflection.
minimum angle of deviation, d in air. State with reason, how
the angle of minimum deviation will change, if the prism is
immersed in a liquid of refractive index > 1? (1)
ANS -d =( -1) A ie increases d increases

Q19)a) Derive Lens maker s formula?

b)A convex lens made of material of refractive index n2 is held in reference
medium of index n1. Trace the path of a parallel beam of height passing through
the lens.When (i) n1 = n2 (ii) n1 < n2 (iii) n1 > n2

Q 21 Define the term wavefront. Draw the wavefront and

corresponding rays in the case of a (i) diverging spherical
wave (ii) plane wave.Using Huygens construction of a
wavefront, explain the reflection of a plane wavefront at a
plane surface and hence deduce laws of reflection .
OR
Q22) In a two slit experiment with monochromatic light, fringes are obtained on a
screen placed at some distance D from the slits. If the screen is moved 5 x 10 -2 m
towards the slits, the charge in fringe width is 3 x 10 -5 m. If the distance between
the slit is 10-3 m. Calculate the wavelength of the light used.
Q 21. Derive Lens maker formula. Explain why does a convex lens behave as a
converging lens when immersed in water ( n = 1.33) and as a diverging lens when
immersed in carbon disulphide ( n = 1.66)?

24) Draw a ray diagram of a compound microscope. Write the

expression for its magnifying power
You are given following three lenses. Which two lenses will you use
as an eyepiece and as an objective to construct an astronomical
telescope? (3+2)

Len Power Aperture

s (P) (A)
L1 3D 8 cm
L2 6D 1 cm
L3 10D 1 cm

OR

Q24) 1)Draw a ray diagram of a reflecting type telescope at normal

adjustment
2 . State two advantages of this telescope over a refracting
telescope How does the resolving power of an astronomical
telescope get affected on (i) Increasing the aperture of the objective
lens? (ii) Increasing the wavelength of the light used?
3)The critical angle between a given transparent medium and air is
denoted by ic, A ray of light in air medium enters this transparent
medium at an angle of incidence equal to the polarizing angle(i p).
Deduce a relation for the angle of refraction (rp) in terms of ic.
4 At what angle with the water surface does fish in figure see the setting
sun?

Q 29. Calculate the magnifying power 1.0

2.0of telescope. A myopic person has
been using spectacles of power dioptre for distant vision. During old
age he also needs to use separate reading glass of power dioptres. Explain what
may have happened. (3)
ANS 29 Refer to text book
The power of the spectacles used ,P 1.0 D
by the myopic person
Focal length of the 1 1
spectacles ,f 2
100cm
P 100 10
125 cm.
cm.
cm
Hence, the far point of the person is He might have a normal near point of When he
uses the spectacles, the objects placed at infinity produce virtual images at He uses the
ability of accommodation of the eye-lens to see the objects placed between and

During old age, the person uses ,P ' 2D

reading glasses of power

The ability of accommodation is lost 25 cm.in old age. This defect is called
presbyopia. As a result, he is unable to see clearly the objects placed at
OR
Calculate the magnifying power of 1.5 compound microscope. What is the
Brewster angle for air to glass transition? (Refractive index of glass
=)
ANS Refer to text book.

State huygens principle. Deduce laws of refraction on the basis of it.