5 & 10 -

- SBM Little Boy

,..,,
R. ,..,,,. . . Cell : 9994456748
5 -
- l Nu Gi Ul,

= NLp x NLd CPV Es[

- 1 Ju Nejj RX

= F 2d sin
1. ?
= qE 2d sin
So uhPjp RPe Go uhPjp
YP\.
= pE sin [Q p = q 2d]
JTm Ju\Vu
Vu Yhf NpX. r r r
YdPo hp. = p E .
J sp uXju(E)) N, Alsp
Es[ uNdLhd YWVlTm 3. ?
RLh]p dLlTm.
.
uNdLLu GidL uXf uXjp u C]V RYV]
Nd Soj RLp AUm. ARY E-u Xd ZtYRtV YX u]jR
Ul ALU] CPeLp LLs Bt\p Bm.
SdLULm, E-u Ul \
\Y] CPeLp
LLs CPY hm Cdm. u C] R] l N, = pE sin

YtPjp KWX SouhPm

SouhP 1
0
C] d LQm Zt
Zt\ NnVlTm YX,
uNd LL[ EYdm. G]Y, dw = d
dw = pE sin d
uhPm k
q-k EYm uNd
q LQjp Zt\ NnVlTm YX,
LLu GidL, N = .
0

W = dw = pE sin d

2. W = pE cos
C XBt\df(U) NUUm.
.
U = W = pE cos
W] uXm E-p, AB Gu\ u C],
LQm NnYL ClTRLd LsYm. Xju Np, = 00. G]Y, U = -pE Bm.

p - C] lj \u. uXVt\p
p YlT Bt\XL
Bt Zd Yl
T\.
+q uhPm uXju Np qE Gu\
Gu NVm 4.
NVm, -q uhPm qE Gu\
EQo\. .
+q - Ltp O Gu\ sp YdLlThs[
G]Y C] R] RTVu N uhPm.
Vm. +q k r RXp Es[ s P GuL.

C NUU] GWoj Np CQVLf s O-k x Utm x + dx RXp

NVpTm NLs C] l N Es[ sLs A Utm B
BVd LYm.
Ju EY\.
dx
+q +q0
C u C]V uXju Np
NUXd Li YW Vm. P A
O B E
r
x
A , B sLdPV u]jR YT,
dV = E dx

KWX So uhPjRp EQWlTm N,

1 q
E=
40 x 2
1 q
dV = dx
4 0 x 2

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5 & 10 -
- SBM Little Boy
,..,,
R.,..,,,. . . Cell : 9994456748
God NnVlTm YX, u Nd Au u]jRjR, Bu GouhPm
GW] GuTR d\. \dm. Bu SouhPm ALdm.

KWX So uhPjR Xj RX Bu SouhPjR P Go uhPm

k, s Pdd Li YWfNnVlTm Ad Ap ClTRp A-p u]jRm
UjR YX, \k , uRd \u ALd\.
r
q q
V=
4 x
0
2
dx =
4 0r
Rh BVl Pu CQdm T
SouhPm SXVdLlT\ (TPm-3).

5. CR]p Au u]jRm Um \k,

? uRd \u ALd\.
.
uRdj \u LPjLu YYjRm,
FPLju CVpTm, TjR.
.
7.
.

X,Y- +q, -q uhPm Tt\ CEXLjRhLs.

q1- s A-p YdLlThs[ s uhPm. d - RhLdPVV] Lt CPY.

q1 k r RXp Es[ s Bp - uhP TWlTPoj

u]jRm,
V=
q1 +q
40 r X
+ + + + + + + + + + + + +
q2 Xj RXk s Bd d
Li YW NnVlTm YX X u]jR - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Bt\XL(U) NdLlT\.
Y
-q
X u]jR Bt\p U = w = Vq2
q1q 2
Lv lT, C RhLdPVs[
U= sp uXm,
4 0 r

E=
0
6.
.
: J LPju u]jRm \kRp X Utm Y RhLd CPVV] u]jR
ARu uRdj \u ALdm. UT,
0 0
d
A A B A B

V = E dr =
0 dr =
+++++++++

+++++++++
+++++++++

- - d d
0
- - CQjRh uRdu uRdj \u,
- -
- -
q A A q
- - C= = = 0 Q = A
V d 0 d
- -
TPm-1 -
TPm-2 -
TPm-3 0 A
C=
d
:
uLl Tt\ EXLj Rh A Ju q A[ uRdj \]] RhLu TWld(A)
So uhPjRm, V u]jRjRm SojRLm, CPjRXt(d) GojRL
Tts[RLd LYm. (TPm-1) m AU\.

Au uRd \u, C = q V . 8.

uLl Tt\ B Gu\ Ut\ EXLj Rh .
Au AL Li YWlTmT. Ad X, Y - A TWlm , uhPl TWl APojm
AL Es[ Bu TdLjp Go uhPm, LiP C CQV] RhLs.
UTdLjp So uhPm iPlT\.
(TPm-2) YB] CQl Tts[.

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5 & 10 -
- SBM Little Boy
,..,,
R.,..,,,. . . Cell : 9994456748
RhLd CPV t RUm, r JlU 0 q
\m LiP J u Lll T[m ,
jRlThs[. q
q 1 q2
w = dw = dq =
0
C 2 C

+
X
Lt
d

t (U) .
Lt 1 q2 1
Y U = = CV 2 (Q q = CV )
2 C 2

.
uLll Tu RUu = t
10.
Lt CPYu RUu = (d t )
.

Lt CPYs[ sp uXm, E = A, B - J uLPjm Lm]p, Ju\Pu
0
CQdLlThs[ L[eLs.

uLlTs[ sp uXm, E' =
0 r r1, r2 - BWeLs. Um, r1 > r2 GuL.
RTVu u]jRm, V = E (d t ) + E ' t
q1 , q2 - A Utm B R] uhPeLs.
V= (d t ) + t
0 0 r
1 , 2 - A Utm B R] u]hP APojLs
t
V= (d t ) +
0 r
A B
r2
Rh R] uhPm, q = A r1
q2
q1
uRdu uRd\u,
q1
A-p u]jRm, V1 =
q A 4 0r1
C= =
V t B-p u]jRm, V2 =
q2
(d t ) + 4 0 r2
0 r

0A L[eLs CQdLlTh Es[Rp, AYtu

C= u]jReLs NUUm.
t
(d t ) +
r
V1 = V2
q1 q2
9. =
4 0r1 4 0 r2



. 4r121 4r222 Q q1 = 4r12 1
 =
40 r1 4 0r2 & q 2 = 4r22 2
V -
. 1r1 = 2r2

q . r = U

dq - 1

r
, dw = Vdq
CfNUuThk, BWm \YRp, uhP
q APoj ALUm GuT RY\.
, V
C
q
Q dw = dq
C

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5 & 10 -
- SBM Little Boy
,..,,
R.,..,,,. . . Cell : 9994456748
2.
.
- 2
XY - L [m, A d Yhl TWlm LiP
1. . LPj.
() ,
. Cp ]dLdPV W] uXm E
NVpTjRlT\.
XY- uLXjPu CQdLlThP Gu\
\ LPj.
n - LPju KWX TUp Es[ Lh
Lh\
E - W] uXm. GXdhWuLu GidL.

uXm CpXR Xp LPjp Es[ GXdhWuLs vd Gu\ Cl NYLjPu

Lh\GXdhWuLs
GXdhWuLs GpXj NLm CVed CVem.
Lidu\].

LPjs[ Lh\ GXdhWuLu
GidL = nAL

GXdhWu uhPm = e

LPju YV Tm UjR uhPm,

q = (nAL) e

uhPeLs LPju YV NpX

L
Bm LXm, t=
vd
URu [YL GXdhWuLu
LPju YV Tm u]hPm,
u]dV N NVpTm.
q (nAL) e
I= =
UYL, uXjt GW] Np vd Gu\ t (L vd )
W] NWN Clj NYLjPu Rs[l
Tu\].
I = nAevd

C URpLd CPlThP NWN LXm

LPju YV Tm u]hPm Cl N
G]m,, GXdhWu Tm dLm a G]m
LiPp, YLjt SojRLp AUm.

I nAev d
Clj NYLm, vd = a (1) u]hP APoj, J = =
A A

m \ LiP GXdhWu EQm N, J = nevd

F = ma (2)
3. .
uXjRp GXdhWu EQm N,
F = eE (3)
dLPj CVtLp(generators
generators) Bt\p Nl
\u AUlL[L TVuTu\ \].
N(2), (3) k,
ma = eE
CWp YiL[ RiPY[eLp Ck
eE EVoj AYLjPu NjR dLPj
a=
m LkReLs TVuTu\].
a -u UlT N(1) p WP,
CWdLhLu
Lu ERu Qd LsL[
vd =
eE
= E (4) SWVL YhPlTRd HY dLPj LkR H
m AUlLs TVuTu\].

e u]hP YU U\Up
Up u \] AlT
Ce = GuT CVdL Gi G]lTm.
m dLPjLs TVuTu\].

N(4)k Clj NYLm uX YUd LLp ] (A) Ndm AlTPd

SojRLp AUm G] AVXm. CRu Ul L[L TVuTu\].
0.1 cm s-1.

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5 & 10 -
- SBM Little Boy
,..,,
R. ,..,,,. . . Cell : 9994456748
4. Ku lT,
.
V1 = IR1, V2 = IR2, V3 = IR3, V4 = IR4 Utm V = IRS
.
RS - uRPVdLs Rlu RTVu
R0 00C Rt - t0C uRP.
, ,
Rt = R0 (1+ t ) ; TPjk, V = V1 + V2 + V3 + V4

IR S = IR1 + IR 2 + IR 3 + IR 4

R S = R1 + R 2 + R 3 + R 4

RPWL CQdLlThs[ TX uRPVd

Lu RTVu uRP RjR uRP
VdLu Rdf NUm.

6.
.

 
,  R1, R2, R3, R4-TdL
TdL CQlp CQdLlThs[
 uRPLs.
1 C YlTX EVoYp HtTm uRP
0

UThtm, 00C-p
p Es[ uRPdm Es[ V-uRPVdLs Rlu u]jR
RL uRP YlTX Gi G] YT.
YWVdLlT\.
TdL CQlp JqY uRPVdu
dL u]jR YT V-df NUm.
. ,
.

.
,
.

. RP

5. Ku lT,
. V V V V V
I1 = , I2 = , I3 = , I4 = &I=
R1, R2, R3, R4 - RPWL CQdLlThs[ R1 R2 R3 R4 RP
uRPLs.
RP-TdLCQl Rlu RTVu uRP.

I Gu\ u]hPm I1, I2, I3, I4 G]l k

\V R1, R2, R3, R4 YV Npm.

I = I1 + I2 + I3 + I4

V V V V V
= + + +
uRPVdLs
RPVdLs YV JW R P R1 R 2 R 3 R 4
A[ u]hPm Tm.
1 1 1 1 1
= + + +
V-uRPVdLs Rlu YV NjRl R P R1 R 2 R 3 R 4
Tm u]jR YT.
TX uRPVdLs TdL CQlp CQdLl
V1, V2, V3, V4- \V R1,R2, R3 ,R
R4 uRPVd TmT, RjR uRPVdLu
LdPlThPu]jR
PlThPu]jR YT. RXdr uRP UlLu Rp,
RTVu uRPu RXdf NUm.

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5 & 10 -
- SBM Little Boy
,..,,
R.,..,,,. . . Cell : 9994456748
7. ofN@l Rp uT,
. I1 + ( I 2 ) + ( I3 ) + I 4 + I5 = 0
. I1 + I 4 + I5 = I 2 + I3

K NkV Sd Npm u]hPeLu

E . Rp, Nkk Yf Npm
u]hPeLu Rdf NUm.
R
K . CkR V] uhP AuU uT
AU\.
R 9. .
(V) .
( ) :
J V utu YqY TLp Es[
uRP Utm u]hPm BVYt
BVYt\l
Td Ym A[Lu Vp hjRuU
AmV tp Es[ uVd NLu
Vp hjRLdf NUm NUm.

Cq Bt\p
p AuUuT AU
AU\.
R ,
, V= IR ------>(1)
YXgVL Npm u]hPeL[ Sod
r VLm, CPgVLf Npm u]hPe
L[ GodVLm
Lm LYm.
V
. ,
V = E Ir

Ir = E V ------------------>(2)
------------------

(2) (1) ,
Ir E V
=
IR V

V
E
r = R ABCDEFA Gu\ Vl TRVd L]p,
V
8. . I1R 2 + I3R 4 + I3r3 + I3R 5 + I 4R 6 + I1r1 + I1R1 = E1 + E3

( ) : ABEFA Gu\ V TRd,

J utp GkRY Nklm Nkdu\ Nkdu I1R 2 + I 2R 3 + I 2r2 + I 4R 6 + I1r1 + I1R1 = E1 E 2
u]hPeLu Vp hjRL
Vm.
E2u God ARu u]hPm CPgVL
AUYRd dm.

10.
10.
.

hvPu NU]f tp P, Q, R, S Gu\

uRPLs J V t\\ EYdU
CQdLlThs[].

E uVd N LiP uLXm A Utm C

NkV SdV u]hPm SodVLm,
Sod sLdPV CQdLlThs[.
YfNpm u]hPm God
GodVLm
LYm. uLXjk YlTm I Gu Gu\ u]hPm
I1, I2, I3, I4 Gu\ Su TL[Ll u
u\.
TPjp Lhs[T, 1,2,3,4,5 Gu\ LPjLs O
Gu\ Nklp NklTRLd LYm. Ig -LpY]hPu
LpY]hPu YV Npm u]hPm
u]hPm.
LPjLu YV Npm u]hPeLs
G - LpY] hPu uRP.
\V I1, I2, I3, I4 , I5 .

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5 & 10 -
- SBM Little Boy
,..,,
R. ,..,,,. . . Cell : 9994456748
11.
11.
.
Cp \dLdLjRdL
dLdLjRdL uRP LiP u
RjR RWl ThPLs UWlTXL
TjRlThs[].
u RWl ThPLd CPp G1, G2 Gu\
C CPYLs Es[].
J hPo [m W] RUm LiP
UeLu Lm AC A[Ld CQVL
UWlTXLu Cjl TjRlThs[.
Lmu ]Ls C RWl ThPLu
]Lp Tt\YdLlThs[].
YdLlThs[].
Ul RVR P Gu\ uRP G1 CPY
m, Q Gu\ TjRW uRP G2 CPY
m CQdLlThs[].
JGu\ EXLj RLX] LpY]hPo
LpY]hPo(G)
ofN@l Rp V B Nkdl TVuTjR, Utm EVo uRP (HR) BVYtPu
I1 Ig I3 = 0 (1) RPWL CQdLlTh B EPu CQ\.
RLX Lmp H HRm J sp
RU Nn CQlT HtTjRXm.
ofN@l Rp V D Nkdl TVuTjR,
AC Lmu ]Ldd dL XdXg
I 2 + Ig I 4 = 0 (2)
uLXu Utm N CQdLlThs[].

ofN@l V ABDA Gu\ V

TRdl TVuTjR,
I1P + Ig G I 2 R = 0 (3)

ofN@l V ABCDA Gu\ V

TRdl TVuTjR,
I1P + I3Q I 4S I 2R = 0 (4)

LpY]hPo XdLm LhmT,

LhmT Ig = 0

Ig = 0 G] NUuTLs (1), (2), (3)p

(3) WP,
I1 = I3 (5) hPo NU]f t Lmu RLX
SLoj LpY]hPp u]hPm VU
I2 = I4 (6)
NnVYim. Cls J GuL.
I1P = I 2R (7) Lmu AJ Utm JC TLs hvPu NU]f
tu R, S Gu\ u RPRPLdl TXL
NUuTLs (5),(6),(7)u UlL[ N(4)p
N WP, AUu\]. ClT,
P R r AJ
I1P + I1Q I 2S I 2R = 0 = =
Q s r JC
r GuT KWX [d Lmu uRPVm.
I1(P + Q ) = I 2 (R + S) (8)
P AJ l1
= = ; Ce AJ = l1 Utm JC = l2
NUuT (8)I NUuT (7)Bp
Bp YdL, Q JC l2
l1
I1 (P + Q ) I 2 (R + S) P=Q
= l2
I1P I2R
Tt\YdLlThlTRp,
YdLlThlTRp, ] uRP
l
P+Q R+S LWQUL 1 u Ulp Z HtTm.
= l2
P R
ClZVj RodL P Utm QY CP Ut\m
Q S Nn NUu Nnm s J dLlTh, P-u
1+ = 1+
P R NWN Ul LQdPlTP Yim.
Q S
= :
P R
Pr 2
Lml Tu Ru uRP GiQ =
P R L
=
Q S Gu\ NUuThPd Li LQdPXm.

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5 & 10 -
- SBM Little Boy
,..,,
R.,..,,,. . . Cell : 9994456748
12.
12. ....
A,B
Bt, K
I .
.

, ,


A .
.

I -RuUf
RuUf tp Tm u]hPm
u]hPm.

r - KWX [ u]jRUd Lmu

uRP.

E1 uLXu Qf tp CQdLlTm
CQdLlTmT
u]jRUu RjYlT, NUu Nnm [m
d CPlThP u]jRYT,
l1-d

A J . E1 = Irl1 (1)
,
E2 uLXu Qf tp CQdLlTmT
. u]jRUu RjYlT, NUu Nnm [m
d CPlThP u]jRYT,
L2-d
AJ .
E 2 = Irl2 (2)
AJ , AJ= Ir l
NUuTLs (1) I (2) Bp YdL,
, r - .
I . E1 l
= 1
E 2 l2
E = Ir l l2
I r , E I () E 2 = E1
l1
14.
14.
, , ?
. u TldLXu JuPu uLX Ad, N,
. uRPUt Utm AmhPo BVY
RPWL CQdLlTu\].
13.
13.
?
? GouYV YV Gj, Rnjd L,
Pj EXW YjR u]o ARu \Vd
Lm AB B], uLX Ad(Bt),
(Bt), N(K), LQYim.
uRPUt(Rh) BVYtPu RPWL
CQdLlThs[. C RuUf t\m.
t I1 A[s[ u]hPjR t LX A[tf
NjR Yim.
u]jRUu A ], DPDT-Nu
DPDT
UV] C EPu CQdLlThs[.

Nu Ut\ ] D EPu
LpY]hPo(G), EVo uRP(HR), RLp
(J) BVY RPWL CQdLlThs[].

DPDT Nu C1, D1 ]Ld CPV E1

uVd N LiP uLXm, C2, D2
]Ld CPV E2 uVd N
LiP uLXm CQdLlThs[]. GouYV YV Gj \Vd LQ
Yim. CYtk YlTm RUju
\ m1 T\lT\.

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5 & 10 -
- SBM Little Boy
,..,,
R. ,..,,,. . . Cell : 9994456748
I2 A[s[ u]hPjR t LX A[t 16. 16.
Nj YlTm RUju \
m2 .
LQdPlT\. :
LiQl TjWm Jus Es[ ojR LkRL
ClT,
m1
=
I1
G] AUYRd LQXm. AXjs C uYnLs YdLlThs[].
m2 I2 Cu So uYn.
Zn - Go uYn.
m I (1) ojR H2SO4 - uT WYm.

JW A[s[ I Gu\ u]hPm t1, t2 Gu\

YqY LXA[Ldf Nj YlTm
RUeLu \Ls \V V m3, m4 G]
LiPVlTu\].

m3 t1
ClT, = G] AUYRd LQXm.
m4 t 2

m t (2)
:
RPoLs(1),(2)-p Ck, m It (A) mq. GouYp jRSL AdLs AVVdLl
G]Y Rp NTodLlTu\.
NTodLlTu Th Zn++ AVL[L LWNs Npu
Npu\].
CR]p GouYn C GXdhWuL[l Tt
15.
15. Go uhPm EPVR
EPVR\.
?
CuSO4 Utm AgNO3 Tu\ YqY LWNpLs RW SouYk C GXdhWuL[
LiP C uTld LXeLs, uLX Ad, AVLs(2H+),
Gjd Li C ahW_u AVLs
N, uRPUt Utm AmhPPu H2 YYL YlTu
YlTu\]. CR]p RWm
RPWL CQdLlTu\]. SouhPm Tm.

CuSO4 LWs RW uYnL[m, AgNO3 BRXp Yftp u]hPm Tm. C

LWNs Ys uYnL[m NL uYnLd CPlThP u]jR YT
Yim. 1.08V Bm.

17.
17.
.
:
RWlTjWjs RhV RW Np@Th
LWNp Gjd Ls[lT
Ls[lT\.

RW Np@Th LWNs i[l TiPm

YdLlThdm.
GouYnL[ YV Gj, Su Su\Lj
Rnjd L, EXW YjR \ AYtu i[lTiPjs ojR LkRL AXm
\L[d LQ Yim. Gjd Ls[lT\.
SWjt u]hPjRf NjR
Yim. RWlTjWm - So uYn
uYn.
u]o GouYnL[ YV Gj Su\L
Su
p AX EXW YjR \ AYtu jRSLj Ri - Go uYn
uYn.
\L[d LQYim.
CYtk YlTm RWm Utm CuSo4 , ojR H2SO4 - uT WYm.
Ysu \Ls \V V m1, m2 G]d
LQdPlTu\].
m1 E
ClT, = 1 G] AUYRd LQXm.
m2 E2

E1, E2 GuTY RWm Utm Ysu YV

CQUtLs Bm.

m E

G]Y CWiPm NTodlTu\.

NTodlTu

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5 & 10 -
- SBM Little Boy
,..,,
R.,..,,,. . . Cell : 9994456748
: :
jRSLj Ri LkRL AXjPu ]k Zn + + + 2 NH 4Cl 2 NH3 + ZnCl 2 + 2H + + 2e
Zn++ AVL[m, C GXdhWuL[m Rm.
CR]p Zn Ri Go uhPm Tm. 19.
19. - .

Zn++ AVLs i[l TiPjp Es[ :

[Lu YV Nu RW Np@Th CWlTo (A) LiQ ApX NpX]p
LWNPu ]k Cu++ AVL[ B] TjWjs ojR LkRL AXm Gjd
EYdm. Ls[lT\.

CkR Cu++ AVLs RWl TjWjp Tm.

Tm LV Bd^(PbO2) - So uYn
uYn.
CR]p RWl TjWm SouhPm
uhPm Tm.
LVm(Pb) - Go uYn.
BRXp Yftp u]hPm Tm. C
uYnLd CPlThP u]jR YT
YT
RkR uLll TsLu Xm uYnLs
1.08V Bm. dLlTh \kRkR ALuRPVj Rm
YLp NodLlThdm.
18.
18.
.
:
LiQl TjWjs i[l TiPm
YdLlThdm.
i[l TiPjs LoTu uYn
YdLlThdm.
LoTu uYVf t UeL-P P-Bd^
Utm LoTu s LXkR LXY YdLl
Thdm. :
LoTu Ri - So uYn.
jRSLj Ri - Go uYn. uLXu, Yftp CQdLlTmT
GouYp, LVm LkRL AXjPu
RhV NH4Cl LWNp - uT WYm.
WYm
]k LV Np@Th Utm C
GXdhWuL[j Rm. CR]p Pb Ri Go
uhPm Tm.

SouYp LV Bd^ LkRL AXjPu

]k LV Np@TPj RmT PbO2
SouhPm Tm.

VRL u]t\m m NnVlThP uLXju

uVdN 2.2VBLm,
BLm, uT WYju
JlTPoj 1.28 BLm Cdm.

u\dLm
dLm NnmT uVd N 2V
BLd \m.
:
u]t\ Lru T Y]Ls [
GouYp Zn AdLs Zn++ AVL[m, Lru\].
C GXdhWuL[m Rm. CR]p Zn Ri
Go uhPm Tm.

Zn++ AVLs AUVm [WPu

]k jRSLd[WPm, AUV
YYm Ru\]. Y Rlf Nu m.
:
UQYoLs A]j TPeLp Es[ 5
i[l TiPjp Es[ [Lu YV UlTi odLlThP Utm Tt
Npm ahW_u AVLs UeL-P-
UeL LQdL[m LY]UL Tjd
Bd^Pu ]k SouhPjR
SouhP LsU Lhd Ls[lT
Ls[lT\oLs.
LoTu Rid Ut\.

CmuLXu 1.5V uVd NVm, 0.25A

u]hPjRm RWYpX.

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5 & 10 -
- SBM Little Boy
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3. .
- 5 a_uv RjYju T,
AXLls[ JqY Lm, AkR
FPLjp Ju NYLjp NpXdV
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ddLlThP uhPeL[p uLkR JXeL[m.
AXLs EYu\].
AkR LQjp CWiPmX AXdhLu
CY TWYRt TlTs FPLm RY u\ E\V
V V AXLlTm.
pX.
r r
E Utm B UTLs TU Utm U
UlL[ JW LXjp Tu\].
Tu

uLkR AXu Bt\p p u Utm LkRlX

YdPoLp NUUL TePlThs[.

CY uhPu AUYRp AY uXj

Rm, LkRlXjRm XLp APYpX.

2. . t = 0 Gu\ J lhP LQjp AB GuT

AXLlTm.
CdLsLuT, JXm \Vt\
hm i LsL[ RPofVL a_uv RjYjuT, AB Cp Es[
Eru\].
]. CY iUeLs G]lTm. JqY Lm JXULf NVpTh
CWiPm X AXd hL[ Eru
Eru\].
CY Ju YYLjPu SodLhp
CVeu\]. CkR CWiPm X AXdhLs Ju
NYLjp(c) FPLjp Npu
Npu\].
Jo TsLs LfV iUeL[
iP LXjt ErkRm AYtu t LXm Lj AX Llu V XV
\Lp CZl HtTYpX.
AYRt AB s[ P,Q, R,......Gu\
R,...... sL[
UVULd Li ct-I
I BWULd Li
Ju p,
Bt\p, CkiLsLu CVdL
YhPeLs YWL. CYVm AXdhLu
Bt\XVm.
YL[m.
iLsLs Liu jWp UYRp
YhPeLu Rm E
E\VL Es[ YhPp
ToY HtT\.
A1B1 V AXLlTm.
iLsLu TU YT LWQUL
YqY \eLs EiPu\].
]. JXm, DpXj RXkRp (TPm
(TPm-2 p
Es[T) NUR[ AXLl EYm.
LYLUL NpYRp CY DolVp
N]p TdLlTPUp SodLh TRp 4.
Npu\].
CWi FPLeL[l dm R[jR CkR .
iLsLs APm T LYWlTu
LYWlTu\] \UXUp
UXUp BWmT LhP WUlLs
ApX WhPlTu\]. NnVlTu\].
AX[m A[PlTP YiV Ko Jt Jt\\
LsLs WhPlTm T GWlm, JXjRp CQVds[ [
LYWlTm T J XLm HtTu\].
HtTu JhPlTP Yim.
: CQVdu AfPu TkU RX
CdLsLuT, Ju NYLm APo SdV Yj, SomTjR
mTjR TodL Yim
FPLjp ALUL Cdm. .
B]p @TLph Utm UdLpNu BnLs UN t\ YdLlT\.
YdLlT RX
Ju NYLm, APo FPLjR P SdV J TdLm UpX SLoj m
APo \ FPLjp ALUL Cdm G] [t\ Rp Gi YNPV mTjR
Lhu\]. RXSdp Li, A Li pXu
dd Lm JuU NnV Yim.
Um iLs LsL]p dh
[, m [, R[ [
BVYt\ [dL VpX.
VpX. CkR Xp RXSd Rm A[hPd
j Ls[ Yim.

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5 & 10 -
- SBM Little Boy
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R.,..,,,. . . Cell : 9994456748

TPm-1
C Tu UVl mTju U TdLjm
Rp Gi YN mTjRd Li ARtL]
A[hPd jd Ls[ Yim.
m.

CqWi A[Ldm Es[ YT 2 B]p [Ls JudLu CQVL

Gp, ARu T , Rp YNl AUVR Xp dLXLs TWY
TUjtL] m [d LQm Bm. TdLlTYR AVXm.

sin C Tu\R
R Lr JV] oUXu
= Gu\ NUuThPl TVuTj Ju TLju YV Npm Tm HtT
HtT\.
Nm
AX[m LiPVlT\.
. Ce N GuT
t\p
p J hPo [js[ LLs JVp Afd CQVL YhPlThP J
Bm. oUXu TLju YV J NjRl
T\.(TPm-2a)
5.
. A TLjRf Zt]p YYm Np GkR
Ut\m LQlTYpX.
AB Gu\ J L S1 Utm S2 Gu\ CQVL
YdLlThP C Nejl [Lu YVLf TLm I
B-I UPm Zt]p B-k
NpYRLd LYm. YYm Ju N RLd
\k BB] d jRL Ym T
Ad
Ltp B Gu\ ] J sp LhPl J YY Ym u m.(
m.(TPm-2b)
Ths[RLd LsYm.

A ]Vl jd Li ABd
d jRL
Um m CVd Ltp dLXL[
HtTj]p AXV], [ S1 YVL
CQV] AoPu LPd\.

S1 [Y], S2-[d
[d CQVL Cdm
T UhU AXLs LPdu\].(TPm
TPm-1a)

B]p S2 B] S1-d
d jRL AUUu\p
AUUu
Ru YV AX NpYRj Rj j
m. Um, CRu f UlTl Tm.
Tm

TPm-1b p S2B Tp L AX Yu
SWL ClTRd LQXm.
TPm-2
Lt\ um um SLoj ShPXL[
TLjR Um Zt]p Bk
k YYm
RtjRp S1,S2 [Ls GkR Xk Ju N RL ALj CWi
Rm AXLs AYtu YVLd LPk TLeLm CQVL Cdm T TUf
Npm. NY AP\.

Ck [Lu NVU ShPX CRt u NnR CVkW AXV Jlh

Jlh J
TWYp GqR TlTm HtTjYpX AXLs dLXLs Ru G] AVXm.
GuT R\.

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5 & 10 -
- SBM Little Boy
,..,,
R. ,..,,,. . . Cell : 9994456748
6. . TR[jtf NejR] AoLs, JqY
TWlm GWdLlTm Utm CQV]Y
: Ff Npm.
R[[ LQju PgNuh Ul
GiQ[p FPLju JXLp Gitf R[eLu GidL ALU]p, GWl
NUm. APkR R[[t\ Ju N AL
Um.
:
R[[d LQjp JdLt\
JdLt TmT RhPd R[[YdVLm, TlT]Lm
GWdm Lm, XLXPkR Lm NVpTm.
JudLu jRL AUm.
8. .
SdLp ThPLU] LpNh TLjRd
Li YYUdLlT
YYUdLlT\.

ALXjRl Tu u UPe [m 720

Utm 1080 LQeLs LiP LpNh TLm
CWi TL[L, X hPm AB YVL
YhPlTh im Ju\ \Pu L]P TpNm
Gu\ J Fm Uih Li
JhPlT\.

TPjk, ip + 900 + r = 1800 NVm Jd NRWQd Lu JXJXLp

Gi 1.658 Utm ANRWQd Ld 1.486.
r = 90 i p
0
L]P TpNu JXLp Gi 1.550.
sin i p
vSp uT, =
sin r C CWi Ldm Ju\LY
Ju AUYRp
- FPLju(LiQ) J XLp Gi.
Gi L]P TpNm R[[ JV Rtl
TpX.
sin i p
r-u UlT, WP, =
sin(900 i p )
sin i p
=
cos i p

= tan i p
Cp R[[\ JVu TU NnVl
7. . ThPp CWhP JXLp HtTh, NRWQd
R[[t\
LWLm, ANRWQd LWLm
\.
GWld Lo
NRWQ Lo L]P TpNjRp RdLlTh
ALGWl APYRp F YYpX.

ANRWQd Lo L]P TpNm YVL F

R[[t\ LWL Ym.
Ym

SdLpThPLm R[ [YdVLm. TlT]

Lm NVpT\.
R[[\
T Lo R[[t X Lo
R[[t\ 9. ?

GWl]p HtTm R[[Y TVuTj Bnd PeLp R[[t

R[[t\ JV EYd
RhPd AUdLlTu\. Lm, R[[YPkR JV BWV
BWVm TVuT
u\].
NV] A[s[ J Zs TX LiQj
RhLs CQVL Ju\u u Ju Zu Yp Lld LiQL[L TVuTu
TVuTu\].
Afd 32.50 Nnk Cdm.
Lo Tu\ YL]eLp JXj]p LiLs
Zu Afu YV Npm Jt\
Jt \ YRj RodLl TVuTu
TVuTu\].
JdLo RhPdu Up TLQm 57.50I
HtTj\.
. CdLQm LiQu R[ TZV GiQn KVjp \eLu YTh
[d LQm Bm. ]j RTjRl TVuTu
TVuTu\].

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5 & 10 -
- SBM Little Boy
,..,,
R.,..,,,. . . Cell : 9994456748
lTUQ SLm mTeL[ RtdLl TVu
T\.

CWpLm, BLV U]eLm Jf

NYd LhlTjR Nu]p LiQL[Ll
TVuTjRlTu\].

jVNU] LQeLp Yk
rSd GdLlTm LlTPeL[
eL[ RYL
TodL TVuT\. :
.
LlTuLs Utm LLWeLp Es[ WYl
TL Y (LCD) TVuT\. 10-14
.
XdLu A[L[m, YYeL[m .
Tt BWV TVuT\.

- 6

1. .

.
.
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4.
2. .
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- r0
.
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1
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. 2

: 2e
Ze .
()
- . r0
,
D1 , D2 1 (2e )(Ze )
EP = ---------------->(2)
4 0 r0
.
Z- . ; 0 - .

-
,
.
Ep = EK

-
1 (2e )(Ze ) 1
(ZnS)
, = mv 2
. 4 0 r0 2
1 4 Ze 2
r0 = --------->(3)
.
4 0 mv 2

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5 & 10 -
- SBM Little Boy
,..,,
R. ,..,,,. . . Cell : 9994456748
5. .
.
(i) :
EVo YhP TRLk k Rp YhP
.
TRd GXdhWu Rm T Rum YLs
XUu YN . \FR FR Tp AUm.
10-66 mm
r 1
n1 = 1, n2 = 2, 3, 4,............ ; AX Gi, = R1 2 .
n
2
(ii) : F .
EVo YhP TRLk CWiPY YhPl .
TRd GXdhWu Rm T Rum YLs
TUo YN . LhX]m Tp AUm.

r 1 1
n1 = 2, n2 = 3, 4, 5,......... ; AX Gi, = R 2 .
4 n
2
(iii) :
(G)
EVo YhP TRLk, u
u\m YhPl .
TRd GXdhWu Rm T Rum YLs
T`u YN . ALfYl Tp AUm. ,
r 1 1 .
n1 = 3, n2 = 4, 5, 6,.......... ; AX Gi, = R 2
9 n
2
(iv) :
EVo YhP TRLk, SuLm YhP
TRd GXdhWu RmT Rum YLs
WdLh YN . ALf Yl Tp
AUm..
r 1 1
n1 = 4, n2 = 5, 6, 7,.......... ; AX Gi, = R
16 n 2
2
,
(v) : 450 .
EVo YhP TRLk, IkRm YhP
TRd GXdhWu RmT Rum YLs
@TihYN . ALfYl Tp AUm.

r 1 1
n1 = 5, n2 = 6, 7, 8,.......... ; AX Gi, = R .
25 n 2
2
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.
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.
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:

.

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5 & 10 -
- SBM Little Boy
,..,,
R.,..,,,. . . Cell : 9994456748
X- S1 , S2 K, K ; L, L ; M, M YLs
ZnS Ru. (-2).
.

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.

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YtPUdLlThP Yohv r Jus
(K, L )
LjR C Utm B] A Gu\ CWi
. jRSLj RLLs Es[].

-1 K-- RLLs, uLXu Utm EQodL LpY]

. hPPu CQdLlThs[].

, L,M,O

.

:
RLLu GkRRd Lofm ZRT
tp GqR u]hPm LZpX G]Y,
LpY] hPp XdLm HtTPpX.

\FRd Lo Tu\ uLkRd Lof,

uLXu Go ]Pu CQdLlThs[
LjR mT u]hPm Lrk,
X
X- LpY] hPp(G) XdLm HtT
HtT\.
.

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5 & 10 -
- SBM Little Boy
,..,,
R. ,..,,,. . . Cell : 9994456748
B]p \FRd
FRd Lof RL A-u
mT LpY]hPp XdLm
HtTYpX. .

CfNR] Xm Ju [ LWQUL ,
RL Em LsLs, Go uhPm LiP .
GXdhWuLs G]d LiPVlThP.
4.
.
CkR GXdhWuL]p HtTm u]hPm,
Ju]hPm G]lTm. TLofu J @ThPdm,
@ThP EXLjp
Es[ J GXdhWdm CPV Lm
2. () uVf NVp []p J GXdhWuLs
EZlTu\].
.
h Bt\p p LiP @ThPu, EXLju
lhP J EQo\u u dL Tt, TWlp UmT ARu Bt Bt\p YVt
Ju N GqY[ ALm Clm, GkR Bt\p, CVdL Bt\p p G] C YLp
AoYitd r Ju ErRp tm TVuTjRlT\.
LZR, AkRf U AoYi TVu RPdL
AoYi G]lTm.
- :
lhP JEQo\u u dL Tt, TVu Tu\ Bt\u u J T, GXdhW]
RPdL AoYiQP ALUL Cdm EXLju TWlk YVt YVt\l TVuT
T J u]hPU] TLu Nt u\.
SojRLp Cdm. GXdhW] YVt\j j RYV] CkR U
Bt\p p EXLju Ju YVt Bt Bt\p
Ju Er J EP] LrYm. G]lTm.

J GXdhWuLu TU CVdL Bt\p

Bt -:
TLu AoYit SojRLp Cdm. Bt\u
u GgV T YVm GXdhWd
B]p N]f NokRRpX. CVdL Bt\XLdXLd LdLlTm.

3. GXdhWu \ m G]m, NYLm v G]m

. LiPp,
Tu\
@ThPu = YVt Bt\p
Bt + GXdhWu
() . Bt\p CVdL Bt\p
1
h = W + mv 2
( 1 )
2
GXdhWuLs, EXLju TWlk
(C) . YVm T HtTm AL URpL[p
Bt\pp CZdLlTPUp CkRp, Bt Bt\m
(A) GXdhWu TU CVdL Bt\pBt
1
mv 2TUm
. 2
BL Um.

G]Y, N(1) k,

1
h = W + mv 2TUm (2)
2

vTUm - GXdhWu TUj NYLm.

NYLm

NUuT(2) Iuvu Ju [tL]

NUuT Bm.
1
= 0 Gp mv 2TUm = 0
2

@ NUuT (2)k, W = h 0

W -u
u Ul] NUuT(2)-p
NUuT(2) WP,
1
h = h 0 + mv 2TUm
2

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5 & 10 -
- SBM Little Boy
,..,,
R.,..,,,. . . Cell : 9994456748

1
h ( 0 ) = mv 2TUm
2

C Iuvu Ju [ NUuThu
Ut\ YYm Bm.

5. ?

EXLu YlTXL[d LhlTjRl

TVuTu\].
T,


R[dL[j R]L CVdL ERu
ERu\].
.

iYl TVQju T V Jk (2r),

r),
u]t\Xl TYRt TVuTu\
\].
.

LRL[j R]L \dLm,

dLm, Pm TVuTm , 2r = n -----------
----------->(2)
AUlLp TVuTu\].
n =1,2,3,.... ; r - .

Po Al Um, Al Um
TVuTu\].
(1) (2) ,
6. - h
. 2r = n
mv
[ed NUuThuT, E = h (1) nh
mvr =
2
h - [e U ; - @ThPu AoYi.
AoYi


-
.
Iuvu \-Bt\p NUuThuT, 

E = mc 2 (2)
,
.
c - Ju NYLm ; m - \
8.
N(1), (2) k, h = mc 2 .
c c
h = mc 2 Q =
:
h NRWQ JVp iQdVd Lhm
= (3) AL T\u u Utm ElTdLj
ElTdLj\u LiP
mc iQd GXdhWu iQd Bm.

c = v Gp, NUuT (3)k, : CVem GXdhWu AX Ti

Ti.

h h :
= =
mv p J iQdu T\u u GuT CWi
sL[j RjRV j TodLd V
Ce, p = mv , Lu EkRUm. LfV RX Bm.

:
7. .
J GXdhWu lTd uZVm,
GXdhWu Lt\VV LhlTjm Pm
, m v Lis[.
,
h uLkR XuL[] dm LkRXuv(A),
LkRXuv(
= ------------->(1)
>(1)
T[ LkRXuv(B)) Utm rjm LkR
mv
h - . Xu(C)) BVY EVo ElTdLj]l
T\ ERu\].

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5 & 10 -
- SBM Little Boy
,..,,
R. ,..,,,. . . Cell : 9994456748

Tu YVp AUlT], ARu
XUt\m
m (A) CVdL X Utm BnY[Wl
Tj U\Up
Up AUm.

:
C LrLd CPlThP LX CPY
BnY[oLu X Utm CVdLjR NWR.

C LrLs JW LXjp LrkRp AdLXm

BnY[oLu X Utm CVdLjR NWUp
A]j BnY[oLdm NUUL Cdm.

Tu \V],
V], ARu X Utm
CVdLjR NWUp UVL Cdm.

: 10. -
.
uZ Ym GXdhWuLs, EVo u
]jR
jR YT LiP GXdhWu lTdVp
lTd RPdLjp Jn Xp Es[ S Utm S
dLlTh UpV Lt\VL
VL Yu\].
Y Gu\ C lTVeL[d LYLYm.

CkR UpV Lt\,, dm LkR Xu A S lTVjp Es[ BnY[o Riu [jR

YV NjRlTh CQdLt\VdLl
CQdLt T l0 G] A[u\o.
\.

ElTdL YiV Ts Um.

GXdhWu Lt\ Tu APo \kR

TLp AL A[m, APo kR
TLp \Y]
Y] A[m Tm.

F Ym GXdhWu Lt\,
Lt Tu
RuUL[d Lidm.

CWiPY uLkR XuN] LkR T[

Xuv, GXdhWu Lt\V
V YdLt\VL
YdLt S lTVm v Gu\ NYLjPu CVem
Ut Tu ElTdLlThP mTj]
mT T, S-p
p Es[ BnY[Wp Riu [m l G]
EiPdm. A[PlTu\.
u]o rjm Xuv, ElTdLlThP
mTju J T], Jo Wu v2
ClT, l = l 0 1
dLf NnYPu, AL ElTdLj c2
]m HtTjm.
ARY, l < l 0 .
Jo Wp Rum Jo sL[p HtTm
mTj] SWVL LQXm.
Jn Xp Es[ BnY[Wl Tj v
NYLjp CVem Riu [m, CVdL
RY Gp, LlTPj RLLu Xm
ClmTju XV] TL[l T\Xm.
T v2
Np 1 Gu\ A[ dLUPm. C
c2
GXdhWu iQdu T\u,
T JVp XWuhv-hv_Wp
hv_Wp dLm G]lTm.
iQdVd Lhm 1,00,000 UPe
ALm.
(G.L)) L YLUL SLm BnY[d YhP
9. , YYl Ts Ju sYhPULj Rm.
.

AiPjp Es[ JqY Tu X

Utm CVdLU] XV] lTVjRd
LiP A[PlT\.

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5 & 10 -
- SBM Little Boy
,..,,
R.,..,,,. . . Cell : 9994456748
11. -
-
. @UjR = CVem Tu + Kn \dL]
Bt\p CVdL Bt\p X Bt\p
Kn \ m0 LiP Tu F Gu\ E = E K + m0c2
N X-Np NVpTYRLd LYm.
E = mc 2 m 0 c 2 + m 0 c 2
hPu CWiPm lT NV] EkR E = mc 2
UTh Rjtf NUm.
ARY, F = (mv )
d
dt CY Iuvu \-Bt\p CQUtf
NUuT Bm.
NoVp LsLlT, \m NYLm 12.
12. .
UL[m. G]Y,
dv dm
F=m +v S Utm S Gu\ C lTVeLp,
dt dt S lTVm SIl Tj v Gu\
NYLjPu SoN X-Afp CVeYRLd
F Gu\ NVp Ts APkR CPlTVof LsYm.
dx Gp, Tu CVdL Bt\u HtTm
ALl, S lTVjp Es[ J LLWm t0 LX
dE K = F dx CPYp NLL[ YYRLd
dv dm LYm.
dE K = m +v dx
dt dt
S lTVjp Es[ BnY[o CkRd LX
dx dx CPYVd LQdhPp, AYWp LQdPl
dE K = mdv + vdm
dt dt Tm LX CPY t Gp,
dE K = mvdv + v 2 dm (1) t=
t0
v2
Iuvu NoVp LsLlT, 1 2
c
m0
m= ARY, t > t 0 .
v2
1 2
c S lTVjp Kn Xp Es[
m 02 c 2 1
m2 = BnY[d LX CPY Gu\
c v 2 2 v2
1
m c m v = m 02 c 2
2 2 2 2 c2
A[t i LQlTm. C LX hl
YLdL LQ, G]lTm.

c 2 2mdm v 2 2mdm m 2 2 vdv = 0 (G.L) CVem iYdLXjp Es[

LLWm, p Es[ LLWeL[ P
c 2 dm = mvdv + v 2 dm (2) UYLf NpYRLf NpYRLj Rum.

NUuTLs (1)Utm (2)I JlP,

dE K = c 2 dm (3)

CVdL Bt\p HtTm UT dEK, \

UTht(dm) SojRLp AUm.

Jn Xp v = 0 Utm m = m0.

NUuT(3) RLP.,
EK m

0
dE K = c 2 dm
m0

E K = c 2 (m m 0 ) = mc 2 m 0 c 2

m0 - Jn\.
m0c2 - AL Bt\p. (Kn \dL] Bt\p)

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5 & 10 -
- SBM Little Boy
,..,,
R. ,..,,,. . . Cell : 9994456748
BE/A A = 20 ,
.
- 8
1. A<20
20
.
.
=AmN (.) 2He4, 4Be8 , 6C12, 8O16 , 10Ne20
A
mN BE/A A=40 -120
R = r0 A1/3 , , A>120 .

  % A=56 BE/A 8.8MeV

=    "# $  !
  .

, A>120 BE/A

 
.
  BE/A 7.6MeV.
     
   !  
 

BE/A
N = 1.816 x 1017 kg m-3.

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.
, .
.
.
.

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5 & 10 -
- SBM Little Boy
,..,,
R.,..,,,. . . Cell : 9994456748
6. 7.

. .
-- : (i) :
, -- Co 60 - ( - )
, Na24 ,
2, 4 . - ,
. .
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.)
. I131 - ,
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-- : Fe59 .
, - P32 - .
, (ii) :
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(iii) :
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(v) :
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:
100 R - ()
. 600 R -
, , 250 mR / - .
.
:
:
, .
. .

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5 & 10 -
- SBM Little Boy
,..,,
R. ,..,,,. . . Cell : 9994456748
9. 11 11..
. .

, : .

. U235
.

U235

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.

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10. .
10.
12.. .
12
U235


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U238 Np239
.
Pu239 .


- .
.

-

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-


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.

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5 & 10 -
- SBM Little Boy
,..,,
R.,..,,,. . . Cell : 9994456748

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5 & 10 -
- SBM Little Boy
,..,,
R. ,..,,,. . . Cell : 9994456748

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5 & 10 -
- SBM Little Boy
,..,,
R.,..,,,. . . Cell : 9994456748

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