Matrix Operations

PROBLEM SHEET - 3

1. Use row operations to verify that 3 3 Vandermonde determinant is

 
 1 a a2 
 
 1 b b2  = (b a)(c a)(c b)
 
 
 1 c c2 

0 a b
2. (a)Let A be a matrix given by A = a 0 c . Show that |A| = 0.

b c 0
(b) Show that determinant of a skew-symmetric matrix of order n n is zero.

3. Let A Cnn . Show that A is invertible iff for each B Cn1 , AB = 0 implies
that B = 0.

4. Solve the following linear systems :

(a) 3w + 2x + 2y z = 2
2x + 3y + 4z = 2
y 6z = 6

(b) y1 + 4y2 + y3 + 3y4 = 1

2y2 + y3 + 3y4 = 0
y1 + 3y2 + y3 + 2y4 = 1
2y2 + y3 + 6y4 = 0

(c) w x + y z = 1
w+xyz =1
wxy+z =2
4w 2x 2y = 1
1
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(d) 2x1 3x2 7x3 + 5x4 + 2x5 = 2

x1 2x2 4x3 + 3x4 + x5 = 2
2x1 4x3 + 2x4 + x5 = 3
x1 5x2 7x3 + 6x4 + 2x5 = 7

5. Show that the system x1 2x2 + x3 + 2x4 = 1, x1 + x2 x3 + x4 = 2,

x1 + 7x2 5x3 x4 = 3 has no solution.

3 6 2 1

2 4 1 3
6. Let A =
, for which (y1 , y2 , y3 , y4 ) does the system of
0 0 1 1

1 2 1 0
equations AX = Y have a solution ?

7. Show that the following linear system

x + y + kz = 1, x y z = 2, 2x + y 2z = 3 has no solution for k = 1

and has a unique solution for each k 6= 1.

8. Find the characteristic equation of the following real 3 3 matrix.

3 1 1 5 6 6
(a) 2 2 1 (b) 1 4 2

2 2 0 3 6 4

9. Let A and B be two n n matrices and assume that B is invertible. Then show
that characteristic polynomial of A is same as the charachtersitic polynomial of
B 1 AB. !
1 1
10. (a) Find the eigen values and eigen vectors of the matrix A = .
2 4
Verify that the trace equals the sum of the eigen values and the determinant
equals their product.

(b) If we shift to A 7I, what are the eigen values and eigen vectors and
how are they related to those of A?
 MATRIX OPERATIONS 3

(c) Suppose that is an eigen value of A and x is an eigen vector ; AX = x.

Show that this same x is an eigen vector of B = A 7I, and find the eigen
value.

11. Find the eigen values and eigen vectors of

! !
3 4 a b
A= and A =
4 3 b a

12. Compute the eigen values of the following

! !
0 2 1 3
(a) A = and A1 (b) A = and A2 .
2 3 2 0
!
1 0
13. Find the eigen values of A, B and A + B, where A = and
1 1
!
1 1
B= .
0 1

14. Find the eigen values and eigen vectors of the matrix

3 0 0 0

0 2 0 0

0 0 0 2

0 0 2 0

15. Find the eigen values and a basis for the eigen spaces of the following matrices.

! ! 2 1 0 5 6 6
1 2 3 2
(a) (b) (c) 0 1 1 (d) 1 4 2

3 2 1 0
0 2 4 3 6 4

16. Check whether the following matrices are diagonalizable.

2 0 0 0
2 4 6
0 2 0 0
(a) A = 0 2 2 (b) A =

24 12 2 0
0 0 4

0 0 0 2
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!
4 3
17. If A = , find A100 by diagonalizing A.
1 2

18. Find "the #

matrix"A whose
# eigen values are 1 and 4 and whose eigen vectors are
3 2
A= and respectively.
1 1

19. Diagonalize A and compute P DP 1 to prove this formula for Ak ,

" # " #
k k k
3 1 3 3 2
where A = has Ak =
0 2 0 2k

20. Find the eigen values and eigen vectors of the following matrices. Show that
the eigen vectors form a 1-dimensional space.

" # 1 1 0
2 0
(a)A = (b)B = 0 1 1

1 2
0 0 1