TITLE : Knowing Direct Current (DC) and Alternating Current (AC)

AIM : To give knowledge and understanding on DC and AC

OBJECTIVES : After performing this experiment, the student will be able to:
i) Compare the DC and AC differently
ii) Generate the AC correctly

THEORY :

A) Direct Current

Larger amounts of electrical energy are usually produced by converting mechanical (kinetic)
energy using generators according to the principle of electromagnetic induction; the same
principle is employed in miniature format on bicycle dynamos, for instance. The generators
rotary motion produces an alternating voltage, i.e. one whose magnitude and sign change over
time. If this voltage is applied to a consumer, a corresponding alternating current flows through
the consumer. In general, alternating voltage/ current can be defined as follows:

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B) Alternating Current

The definition of alternating current:

The next two animations each demonstrate an example of alternating current. The alternating
current in the first example follows quite an irregular pattern, whereas the alternating current in
the second example has a periodic, square-wave characteristic. In this case, the current has a
constant amplitude, but a periodically changing sign. Since this current is variable time, it will
be denoted from now on in lower case in contrast to direct current.

Whereas different types of alternating voltage are relevance in electrical communication and
information technology, sinusoidal alternating voltages and currents play the dominant role in
electrical power engineering, e.g. energy or power production by means of generators and power
transmission via high-voltage lines. In this case, the voltage and current follow a sine curve over
time.

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EQUIPMENT LIST :

i) Multipower Supply
ii) Various Experiment
iii) Multimeter
iv) Oscilloscope
v) Components :

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :

This experiment is configured according to the circuit diagram shown below.

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EXPERIMENT SETUP:

Set up the experiment on the patch panel in the sequence mentioned next.
- Bridging plugs, starting with pad 110
- Electronic modules
- C-core
- Measuring devices and cables

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PROCEDURE:

1. Power supply was turn ON and pressed the button, the iron cores was part make contact
with each other. Observe both the oppositely switches light-emitting diodes.
The same time set the oscilloscope as indicated above and observe its display. Copy the
obtained oscillogram to the diagram below.
2. Iron cores was holding in lower half fast, and pulled was out about 1 cm from the coil
and press the button. The cores lower half is not drawn back into coil on closure of the
switch. Observe it.
3. Button was pressed to close the circuit. Hold the button down so that the circuit remains
closed. Iron cores was released half so that it is drawn back into the coil to form a single
piece again. How do the LEDs respond?

OBSERVATION

1) Oscillogram waveform

Oscillogram A Oscillogram B
(Channel 1) (Channel 2)

2) When the iron core in lower half position?

i. When push button is press, LED 1 will OFF And LED 2 also is OFF
ii. When push button not press, LED 1 will blinking (ON) and LED 2 is OFF

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3) How LED respond?

i. When push button is press, LED 1 will OFF And LED 2 will be blinking (ON)
ii. When push button not press, LED 1 will blinking (ON) and LED 2 is OFF

QUESTIONS:

1. What is an example of direct current and alternating current in daily usage?

Example Of AC Example Of DC
Refrigerator Cell-Phone
Oven Wireless Phone
Washing Machine Flashlight
Dryer Electric Gate Opener

2. What is the different of direct current and alternating current?

Different between AC and DC is the way the electron move in the wire.

i. Direct Current (DC)

In direct current (DC) the electrons flow in one direction only. A battery or DC power
back provides a source of electrons and the potential difference or voltage between the
terminals causes them to move from the negative (-) towards the positive (t) terminal.

ii. Alternating Current (AC)

Electrons shuttle back and forth in the wires. This occurs because the voltage at the
power point or the Ac power pack constantly changes from positive to negative to
positive so on.

CONCLUSION

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Based on the experiment that we conducted, we have learn about comparison between DC and
AC differently. We also learned how to generate the AC correctly by using components that has
shown on labsheet. We also learned how to use equipment given such as oscilloscope,
multipower supply by correctly. We also learned how electromagnetic forms by using iron core.
Form that we have learned from this experiment, Direct current has uniform direction of flow
and amount (voltage) of electricity and Alternating current has direction of flow and
amount(voltage) of electricity that change cyclically

ATTACHMENT

1) Oscillogram Waveform

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2) Experimental circuit