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COMESA Standards are developed by the COMESA experts on standards representing the
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Harmonized Standards (FDHS) to all member states for a one Month vote. The assumption is
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international or regional standard being adopted has been subjected through a development
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COMESA Standards are subject to review, to keep pace with technological advances. Users of
the COMESA Harmonized Standards are therefore expected to ensure that they always have the
latest version of the standards they are implementing.
A COMESA Harmonized Standard does not purport to include all necessary provisions of a contract.
Users are responsible for its correct application.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 8528-9
First edition
1995-12-15
Reference number
ISO 8528-9:1995(E)
ISO 8528-9: 1995(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national Standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Esch member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
ISO 8528 consists of the following Parts, under the general title
Reciproca ting in ternal combustion engine driven alterna ting curren t gen-
era ting se ts:
- Part 2: Engines
0 ISO 1995
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronie or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without Permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 l CH-l 211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
ii
0 ISO ISO 8528-9: 1995(E)
Ill
This page intentionally left blank
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 0 ISO ISO 8528-9: 1995(E)
Part 9:
Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibrations
This part of ISO 8528 describes a procedure for ISO 5348:1987, Mechanical Vibration and shock -
measuring and evaluating the external mechanical vi- Mechanical moun ting of accelerometers.
bration behaviour of generating sets at the measuring
Points stated in that International Standard. ISO 8528-5: 1993, Reciprocating internal combustion
engine driven alterna ting current genera ting sets -
lt applies to RIC engine driven AC generating sets for Part 5: Generating se ts.
fixed and mobile installations with rigid and/or resilient
mountings. lt is applicable for land and marine use, I EC 34-7: 1992, Rotating elec trical machines -
excluding generating sets used on aircraft or those Part 7: Classification of types of constructjons and
used to propel land vehicles and locomotives. moun ting arrangements (IM Code).
1
ISO 8528-9: 1995(E) 0 ISO
t Time
6 Measured values
Velocity
Acceleration, velocity and displacement are measured
Peak value of velocity variables for the vibrations (see clause 10).
x Axial Co-Ordinate In the general case of any Vibration over time interval
t, to t2, the rms velocity is given by
Transverse Co-Ordinate
I
Y
t2
v 2 dt
z Vertical Co-Ordinate
Angular velocity
V rms =
J- ~
4
t2 4
. . . (1)
The following subscripts are used in conjunction with In the particular case of sinusoidal Vibration the rms
the Vibration quantities V, s and a.
velocity is given by
Ir
2
The following abbreviation is used. /
V rms = v&sj + v12,s2+ *-- + VFmsn . . . (4)
IMB Type or construction and mounting ar- d
7 Measuring devices
5 Regulations and additional
requirements The measuring System shall provide the rms values
of displacement, velocity and acceleration with an ac-
curacy of +- 10 % over the range 10 Hz to 1 000 Hz
5.1 For a.c. generating sets used on board ships and an accuracy of TiE % over the range 2 Hz to
and offshore installations which have to comply with 10 Hz. These values may be obtained from a Single
rules of a classification Society, the additional require- Sensor whose Signal is either integrated or differen-
ments of the classification Society shall be observed. tiated, depending on the outcome of the measuring
The classification Society shall be stated by the cus- device, to derive the quantities not directly measured,
tomer Prior to placing the Order. provided the accuracy of the measuring System is not
adversely affected.
For a.c. generating sets in unclassed equipment, such
additional requirements are in each case subject to NOTE 4 The accuracy of measurement is also affected
agreement between the manufacturer and customer. by the method of connection between the transducer and
2
63 ISO ISO 8528-9: 1995(E)
the Object being measured. Both the frequency response apply as appropriate for other types of design. If
and the measured Vibration are affected by the method of possible, measurements shall be taken at these
attaching the transducer. lt is especially important to main- Points in the three main directions, defined by X, y and
tain good attachment between the transducer and the Point 2.
on the generating set being measured when Vibration levels
are high. Figure 1 Shows the approximate positions of the
measuring Points which have to be located on the
Refer to ISO 5348 for guidance on the mounting of ac-
celerometers. solid engine block and on solid areas of the generator
frame in Order to avoid measuring local structural vi-
brations.
8 Location of measuring Points and
direction of measurements If experience with similar generating sets has shown
at which Points the maximum Vibration severity is to
Figure 1 Shows the recommended Points of Vibration be expected, not all the Points given in figure 1 need
measurement in generating Sets. The specifications necessarily be measured.
/
8
a) Generating set driven by a vertical in-line engine b) Generating set driven by a vertical in-line engine
with flange housing coupled generator with integral and a generator with pedestal bearings
bearings.
NOTE - The vertical in-line engine shown is given as an example only. Measuring Points 1 to 4 are applicable as appropriate
for other types of engine, e.g. V-engines, horizontal engines.
9 Operating conditions during Experience has shown that with a Standard design of
generating set structure and components, darnage
measurement
would not be expected if Vibration levels remain be-
The measurements shall be taken with the generating low value 1.
set at its operating temperature and rated frequency, If the Vibration levels fall between values 1 and 2, as-
at both zero power and rated power. If the rated sessment of the generating set structure and com-
power of the generating set is not attainable, it should ponents may be required along with an agreement
be tested at the maximum power that tan be at- between the generating set manufacturer and the
tained.
component supplier in Order to ensure reliable oper-
ation.
10 Evaluation of results
In some cases Vibration levels tan be above value 2
The main excitation frequencies of the RIC engine it- but only if individual special designs of generating set
self are found in the range 2 Hz to 300 Hz. However, structure and components are applied.
when considering the Overall generating set structure
and components, a range of 2 Hz to 1 000 Hz is re- In all cases the generating set manufacturer remains
quired to evaluate the Vibration. responsible for the compatibility with each other of
the generating set components (see
Additional testing may be necessary to ensure that ISO 8528-5:1993, 15.10).
no local structural resonances contribute to the
measurement result. 11 Test report
Assessment of the potential effects of Vibration are
The indicated measurement results shall include the
made by reference to table C.l which gives rms val-
main data of the generating set and the measuring
ues of Vibration displacement, velocity and acceler-
equipment used. These data are to be recorded using
ation. These values tan be used as guidelines for
annex D.
evaluating the measured Vibration levels.
ISO 8528-9: 1995(E)
Annex A
(informative)
There are a number of possibilities for the assembly of a reciprocating internal combustion engine and a generator.
Figures A.1 to A.6 show examples of typical configurations.
\
I I I I I I I I Id
-
_~_-- ----- II v -~_ II
m
IJ
I I I I I I I I 1, T
-_~-- _~_-_ m
L
Figure A.2 - Engine resiliently mounted, generator rigidly mounted, flexible coupling
I I I I I I I I 1,
-_~- ~--_ ~_ II -w m
1-~----
\
r
Figure A.3 - Engine and generator rigidly mounted on resiliently mounted base frame
ISO 8528-9: 1995(E)
Figure A.4 - Engine resiliently mounted, generator rigidly mounted on resiliently mounted base frame,
flexible coupling
Figure A.5 - Assembly with flange housing and resilient mounting on the engine and generator
Figure A.6 - Assembly with flange housing and resilient mounting of the engine
ISO 8528-9: 1995(E)
Annex B
(informative)
It has been found that generators operating in gener- Neither do the determined values of Vibration severity
ating sets suffer higher values of Vibration severity allow us to make a Statement of the torsional and
compared with those running independently. linear vibrational behaviour of the shaft System.
Typical features of RIC engines are the oscillating Even if accurate assessment of mechanical Stresses
masses, torque fluctuation and pulsating forces in the in the generating set by using Vibration measurement
associated Pipe-work. All these features exert con- is not possible, experience has shown that the vi-
siderable alternating forces on the main supports and bration level above which important Parts of the gen-
give rise to high Vibration amplitudes on the main erating set are mechanically damaged by undue
frame. The Vibration amplitudes are generally higher Vibration stress is usually significantly higher than the
than those for rotating machinery, but since they are level which is accepted as usual from experience
largely influenced by the design features of the gen- with similar generating Sets.
erating Sets, they tend to remain more constant over
the life of the RIC engine than they do for rotating However, if the above usual ranges are exceeded,
machinery. darnage to additional attachments and connecting
Parts of the generating set, as well as to governing
The Vibration values determined by using this part of and monitoring devices, etc., may occur.
ISO 8528 allow us to make a general Statement on
the vibrational behaviour of the generating set and a The sensitivity of these components depends on their
general assessment of the running behaviour and the design and how they are mounted. Thus, in some in-
Vibration interactions of the total set. However, the dividual cases, it may be difficult to avoid Problems
determined Vibration values do not allow us to make even when the assessment value lies in the usual
a Statement on the mechanical Stresses of fixed or range. Such Problems have to be rectified by specific
moving Parts of the generating Sets. local measures on the generating set (e.g. by elim-
ination of mounted component resonances).
ISO 8528-9: 1995(E)
(Blank Page)
ISO 8528-9: 1995(E)
Annex C
(informative)
Vibration values
0
Declared
Rated power output of the
engine Vibration displacementl), s,,, Vibration velocity, v,,~ Vibration accelerationl), arms
generating set m
Speed
RIC RIC RIC
(cos cp = 0,8) Generator 2) Generator 2) Generator 2)
engine *) 3, engine 2)s) engine *)3)
value 1 value 2 value 1 value 2 value 1 value 2
min-l kVA kW mm mm mm mm/s mm/s mm/s m/s* m/s* m/s*
GI5 GI2
(1 -cylinder (1 -cylinder 1,ll 1,27 70 80 44 50
> 2 000 but engine) engine)
< 3 600 < 50 < 40 0,95
W3 50 60 31 38
> 50 >40 0,64 4) 0,8 4 40 4) 50 4) 25 4) 31 4)
< 10 ~8
> 10 but > 8 but < 40 - 0,64 40 25
< 50
> 1 300 but > 50 but > 40 but 0,4 0,48 25 30 16 19
< 2 000 < 125 < 100
> 125 but > 100 but 0,72 0,4 0,48 45 25 30 28 16 19
< 250 < 200
> 250 > 200 0,72 0,32 0,45 45 20 28 28 13 18
> 250 but > 200 but
> 720 but 1 250 < 1 000 0,32 0,39 20 24 13 15
< 0,72 45 28
< 1300
> 1 250 > 1 000 0,29 0,35 18 22 11 14
0,24 0,32 15 20 92 13
< 720 > 1250 > 1 000 0,72 45 28
(0,16) 5' (0,24) 5' (IO) 5) (15) 5) 65) 5' (9,5) 5'
NOTE - The relationship between Vibration velocity and Vibration frequency is shown in figure Cl.
1) The values of s,,~ and armsare determined from the following equations by using the values given in the table for v,,,,~.
2) In the case of flange housing coupled generating sets the values measured at Point 5 [see figure 1 a)] shall meet the values for generators.
3) The stated values for RIC engines are applicable for engines with power Outputs of more than 100 kW. For smaller engines with power Outputs below 100 kW, no typical
values exist.
4) These values are subject to agreement between the manufacturer and customer.
0
5) The values given in parentheses are applied to generators mounted on solid concrete foundations. In these cases the axial measurement for Points 7 and 8 in figure 1 a)
v,
and b) shall be 50 % of the values given in parentheses. 0
ISO 8528-9: 1995(E)
500
t 400
Vi
\ 300
c
z
(1
< 200
.-t
:
i
>
t
.-0
+
d
100
k.-
>
80
60
50
40 \\
30 8
6)) A
9 t$
b CP \
9
b**
00
P
/ \
a
/IO
8
6
5
/
b 4
800
0
-7
9.
$2
3 4 5 6 7 10 20 30 40 60 80 100 90 300
Vibration frequency, Hz -
11
ISO 8528-9: 1995(E)
Annex D
(informative)
Measuring report
Manufacturer
Type
Manufacturing No.
1) Abbreviation for type of construction and mounting of generators according to IEC 34-7, code 1.
1
D.2 Data of configuration
Foundation drawing
No . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12
0 ISO ISO 8528-9:1995( E)
Types of configuration
Base frame
Engine Generator Foundation Flange housing
(if applicable)
2
i-:::
X
/
8
The measuring positions and their numbering conform to those shown above. Additional measuring positions
should be numbered continually and must be marked on a drawing. lt is recommended that all measuring positions
be inserted in a detailed drawing.
Data records, diagrams and spectra, when applicable and required, must be attached.
Measurement equipment
I Component I Manufacturer I TYPe I Remarks I
I I
Measuring indicator set
Recording instruments
Calibration apparatus
13
ISO 8528-9: 1995(E) 0 ISO
Remarks:
Measurement results
s V a S V a s V a
mm mm/s m/s2 mm mm/s m/s2 mm mm/s m/s2
14
ISO 8528-9:1,995( E)
Annex E
(informative)
Bibliography
[1] ISO 2954:1975, Mechanical Vibration of rotating and reciprocating machinery - equirements for instru-
men ts for measuring vibra tion severity.
[2] ISO 8528-1:1993, eciprocating jnternal combustion engine driven alternating current generating sets -
Part 1: Application, ra tings and Performance.
[3] ISO 10816-1: 1995, Mechanical Vibration - Evaluation of machine Vibration by measurements on non-rotating
Parts - Part 1: General guidelines.
[4] ISO 10816-6: 1995, Mechanical Vibration - Evaluation of machine vibra tion by measuremen ts on non-rotating
Parts - Part 6: eciprocating machines with power ratings above ?00 kW.
15
ISO 8528-9: 1995(E)
ICS 29.160.40
Descriptors: motor generator Sets, vi bration, vi bration tests.