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Level 1 laboratory activity refers to condition where the problem and ways & means are
guided and given to the students. However the answers to the assignment are left to the
students to solve using the group creativity and innovativeness. It is hoped that the activity
will slowly introduce and inculcate independent learning amongst students and prepare them
for a much harder task of open-ended laboratory activities.
In this laboratory session, students will be introduced on how to determine the coefficient of
permeability of soils using constant head test.
OBJECTIVE
BASIC CONCEPT
Darcy (1856) demonstrated experimentally that for laminar flow conditions in a saturated
soil, the rate of flow or discharge per unit time is proportional to the hydraulic gradient.
q = k.i.A
i= hydraulic gradient
k = QL cm/sec
Aht
APPARATUS
1. The mould was cleaned and applied grease on inside of the mould .Its weight has been
recorded.
a) The sample was trimmed to the size of mould from undisturbed lump of soil collected
from the site. This sample was fit into the mould. Wax has been applied around periphery of
the sample mould to prevent leakage or;
b) Statically compacted remolded specimen of desired density and water content was
prepared or;
c) Dynamically compacted remolded specimen of desired density and water content was
prepared.
3. The excess soil has been trimmed off. Filter paper was placed on top of soil specimen and
fix perforated base plate to it.
4.Turned the assembly upside down and compaction plate or end plug and collar was
removed , as the case may be, top perforated plate has been placed on the top of soil
specimen, sealing gasket and top cap was inserted and fix properly.
6. The specimen (mould) has been took out when saturation is complete.
9. The outlet tube of constant head tank was connected to the inlet nozzle of the permeameter.
All air bubbles was removed from the system.
11.The stop watch was started and at the same time a beaker has been put under the outlet of
the bottom tank.
12.Run the test for some convenient time interval. The time was recorded.
13. The quantity of water collected during that time was measured and recorded.
14. The test was repeated two times more under the same head and for the same time interval.
DATA ANALYSIS