Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
M. DAMANHURI
NIM. 106026001009
M. DAMANHURI
NIM. 106026001009
In this thesis, the writer focuses on the analysis of imagery and figurative
language in Robert Frost poems. They are To Earthward and Wind and Window
Flower. The writer uses descriptive qualitative analytic method. He analyses the
structure by reading the poem carefully and giving the attention for each line that
contains imageries and figurative languages. The writer uses the theory of
imagery and figurative of language to analyze the poem. By analyzing the
structure of the poem, the writer is able to define the meaning of the lines that
contain imageries and figurative language and their contribution to the meaning of
the poems.
The result of this study shows that Robert Frost uses imagery and
figurative language in his poems. There are many kinds of imagery and figurative
language in the poems. In To Earthward, there are only four imageries from seven
types of imageries. There are visual imagery, auditory imagery, olfactory
imageries, and organic imagery. Robert Frost uses hyperbole as figurative
language. In Wind and Window Flower, Robert Frost uses a visual imagery and
auditory imagery. Robert Frost also uses metaphor, personification, and hyperbole
as figurative language.
i
APPROVEMENT
A Thesis
Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
Strata One Degree (S1)
M. DAMANHURI
NIM. 106026001009
Approved by:
Advisor,
ii
LEGALIZATION
Name : M. Damanhuri
NIM : 106026001009
The thesis has been defended before the Faculty Letters and Humanities
Examination Committee on February 28th, 2011. It has been accepted as a partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of strata one.
Signature Date
iii
ACKNOLEDGEMENT
First of all, the writer would like to give the most appreciation and many
thanks to Allah Swt., the lord of the universe and the thereafter. He is sure that he
can not do anything without Him. He guides us with all of His blessed in our life.
Then, peace and blessing is upon to our beloved prophet Muhammad Saw and all
of his followers.
The writer would like to express his highest gratitude to all his family, and
special for his parent H.Damai Arimaya and Hj. Fatmah for giving spirits that
makes his strong and always give the writer prayer and motivation (I love you
mom, I love you dad). To his beloved siblings (Nana, Lia, Nisa, Ucok) for always
make him laugh and entertain him whenever he was down and also special his
beloved person, Azizatul Hamidiyah, for all inspiration, motivation, spirit and
The writer can not fail to mention his advisor Mrs. Elve Oktafiyani, M.
Hum for her great patients and contributions in finishing this paper. He thanks for
all of her advices that have been given to him; may Allah Swt blessing her and her
family.
The writer also wishes to say her gratitude to the following persons:
v
3. Mrs. Elve Oktafiyani, M. Hum as the Secretary of English Letters
Department.
4. All lecturers of English Letters Department for taught and educated him
5. For all his beloved closed friends: Novita Sari Dewi Emon Prawiradireja,
Lia Fadhilah, Phatya Sopic Nilam and Nurul MbayuKhasanah for all
supports and motivations for him. He knows that they were the best that he
Irul, Reza, Sujad Bil Ghoram, Badriduja, Trisno, Arni Aviah, Dian
Ponika, Zhoya, Arif Budi Djarwo Winarto, Icha, Nadya, Linda, Ninda,
Sri, jeng Elin, Jay, Ayung, Rosyid, Tirta, Mira, Anggi, etc., for struggling
7. All of his friends in Bu Rashids Lodging House; special for Fauzi Choiri
The writer
vi
TABLE OF CONTENT
ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... i
APPROVEMENT .......................................................................................... ii
DECLARATION ........................................................................................... iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................ v
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION............................................................ 1
B. Focus of Study . 5
C. Research Question 5
E. Research Methodology 5
A. Imagery . 8
B. Kinds of Imagery 9
2. Auditory Imagery .. 10
3. Tactile Imagery 11
4. Olfactory Imagery 11
5. Gustatory Imagery 12
6. Organic Imagery 12
vii
7. Kinesthetic Imagery 13
C. Figurative Language .. 13
A. Data Description 19
B. Analysis data 24
1. Imagery in To Earthward . 24
A. Conclusion . 36
B. Suggestion . 37
BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................... 38
APPENDIX
viii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Poetry is the universal language used by the poets to express their ideas in
beautiful words.1 As a universal language, poetry has existed almost in all period.
Etymologically, the word 'poetry' in the Greek comes from poesis, which
means making or creates. In English, poetry is closely with poet and poem.
The word poet comes from Greek; which means make or create. In Greek, the
word poet means the person who creates through his imagination, a person who
almost seems as god or like to god. People who are perspicacious, saints, who was
also a philosopher, statesman, teacher, someone who can guess the truth is
hidden.2
Poetry (Dutch: poezie,) is flow of sense expression out from heart into a
language that has rhythmic and a value of beauty. Language used by a poet as a
tool to record their surrounding life and described it to a poetry.3 To some people,
1
Laurence Perrine and Thomas R.A.P.P.,Sound And Sense: An Introduction to Poetry Eight
Edition.(Orlando : Harcourt Brace College Publisher,1992), p.3
2
Ulysses Ronquilo, Puisi, http://www.definisi dan unsur-unsurnya.htm, 2009. p.1 (Accessed on
September 20th,2010)
3
Sapardi Djoko Damono, Susastra 5: Jurnal Ilmu Sastra dan Budaya, (Depok: 2007), p.4
1
2
arranged by concentration of the physical and mental structures that contain very
deep meanings and need role of the heart to understand and comprehend the
meaning.
process, in which all the elements in the poem has a function to create or build an
image or a particular image. The sound and rhyme, the connection of the lyrics
(lines) with other lyrics or a stanza with another stanza, and the choice of words
and idioms have function to build a particular imagination or picture that suggests
the writer feels. Imagery is a composite of word that we use for various imaging.
The picture can be an object that can be seen, hearing, smell, taste, touch or
language that describe it. Imagery is a tool to understand the poetic, and of course
we must understand the word used by the writer. Each imagination expressed by
4
Richard Ellemann and Robert Oclair, Modern Poems, An Introduction to Poetry: ( W.W.Norton
and Company, Inc, 1999). p.60
5
Ahmad Badrun, Pengantar Ilmu Sastra, (Surabaya: Usaha Nasional,2000), p.54
3
Robert Frost entitled To Earthward. Robert Lee Frost was born in San Francisco,
March 26, 1874 and died in Boston, January 29, 1963. He was one of America's
essentially pastoral poet often associated with rural New England, Frost wrote
poems whose philosophical dimensions transcend any region. Although his verse
forms are traditional - he often said, in a dig at arch rival Carl Sandburg, that he
would as soon play tennis without a net as write free verse - he was a pioneer in
the interplay of rhythm and meter and in the poetic use of the vocabulary and
Frosts sailed for the United States in February 1915 and landed in New
York City two days after the U.S. publication of North of Boston (the first of his
books to be published in America). Sales of that book and of A Boy's Will enabled
Frost to buy a farm in Franconia, N.H.; to place new poems in literary periodicals
and publish a third book, Mountain Interval (1916); and to embark on a long
poetry for New Hampshire (1923). He was lauded again for Collected Poems
(1930), A Further Range (1936) and A Witness Tree (1942). Over the years he
honors.7
6
R.H. Winnick, Biography of Robert Frost, http://www.americanpoem.com.html, 2000. p.1
(Accessed on September 20th, 2010)
7
Ibid., p.1 (Accessed on September 20th, 2010)
4
particular poems. The Death of the Hired Man (from North of Boston) combines
lyric and dramatic poetry in blank verse. After Apple-Picking (from the same
of lyrical verse, dramatic conversation, and ironic commentary. The Road Not
Taken, Birches (from Mountain Interval) and the oft-studied Stopping by Woods
on a Snowy Evening (from New Hampshire) exemplify Frost's ability to join the
Robert Frost said, Every poem I wrote is figurative in two senses. It will
have figures in it, of course; but its also a figure in itself- a figure for something,
and its made so that you can get more that one figure out of it. 9Referring to the
definition above, the writer interested to analyze imagery and figurative language
used on two poems by Robert Frost, they are: To Earthward and Wind and
Window Flower.
8
Ibid., P.1(Accessed on September 20th,2010)
9
Anonymous, the poetic of Robert frost http://www.frost friend.org/figurative.html, 2004. p.1
(Accessed on September 20th,2010)
5
In doing this research, the writer focuses on the analysis of the intrinsic
element of poem; they are imagery and figurative language in Robert Frosts
C. Research Question
1. What are the imagery and figurative language described in poems Robert
Frosts poems with the titles To Earthward and Wind and Window Flower?
D. Significance of Study
particularly in poetry and to provide accurate information about the imagery and
E. Research Methodology
(1923) and Wind and Window flower (1913) in order to understand the
poems.
6
b. Research Methods
In this research, the writer uses qualitative method with the analytic-
reference related to the study and then describe imagery and figurative
In this study, the writer uses a qualitative analysis technique. The analysis
classifies several lines of the poems that have imagery and figurative
The instrument of this research is the writer himself. The writer reads two
poems of Robert Frost and analyzes kinds of imagery and figurative language
of the poems.
e. Analysis Unit
New Hampshire in 1923) and Wind and Window Flower (taken from: Robert
Hidayatullah Jakarta.
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Imagery
such a way as to help us to see, hear, feel, thing about or generally understand
more clearly or vividly what is being said or the impression that the writer wishes
to convey.1
developing an active reader to find explicit meanings in the text. To find the
imagery, the readers must have good readings supported by the mastery of
vocabulary, grammar, and cultural aspects. The readers have to be aware that the
text is not our language, so we must adjust with enthusiasm the other text.
Because of that the readers will be able to understand imagery by having a good
Laurence Perrine and Thomas explain that the word image perhaps most
often suggest a mental picture, something sense in the minds eye. Therefore
visual imagery is the kind of imagery that occurs most frequently in poetry. An
taste (gustatory imagery); touch, such as hardness, softness, wetness, or heat and
1
Steven Croft and Hellen Cross, Literature, Criticism, and Style. (Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 2000), p.56
2
Siswantoro, Apreasi Puisi-Puisi Sastra. (Surkarta: Muhammadiyah University Press, 2002), p.49
1
8
2
(kinesthetic imagery).3
Imagery usually calls a mental picture in a poem, where the readers can
experience what the poem says. Essentially the true meaning of a poem lies in
the total effect that it has upon the readers. Very often that effect stimulates a
response which is not just a reaction to what poet has to say, but which draws on
atmosphere, making life images and thoughts and senses and also to attract the
readers to poetry.5
B. Kinds of Imagery
1. Visual Imagery
the visual imagination and it is a kind of imagery that appears mostly in the poem
because almost words represented in the poem are basically seeable. Sometimes,
that seen in the mind eye which called by sight effect. Without visual imagery, a
in our imagination, appear the daffodil stretches along line like the start that
shine on the Milky Way. The daffodils stretched in never ending line along the
margin of a bay. 6
2. Auditory imagery
represents sounds like words buzzing, tinkling, chiming and others related to
the sound. This imagery is developed by the poet to make an auditory imaginative
in poem. The auditory imagery that evokes in poem is not like auditory
perception. It means, when the reader reads it, he only fell the sense of hearing but
The speaker invites us to hear the bells. The silver bells not iron or the copper
bells, it makes the bell more melodious, then the start follows the bell jingle. The
3. Tactile imagery
and warm. This imagery has relationship with the temperature like heat and cold
These two simple lines bring the reader to fell the heat of hell, which is described
like as dungeon. We will fell stuffy and tight, then all wall around the dungeon
4. Olfactory imagery
sense like fragrant, unpleasant smell and the others related to the aroma. For
In the first line, the speaker invites the reader to hear the buzz-saw snarled which
is rattled in the yard. Then, in the second line, the readers will see the dust and
dropped stove-length sticks of wood. Finally, in line three this are made a sweet-
scented when the wind blew across it. Olfactory imagery appears in the third line,
and the first and the second line which were contained as a way to bring the reader
5. Gustatory imagery
8
Ibid., p. 55
9
Ibid., p. 54
5
and briny and others related to the flavor. For example: She is as sweet as red
6. Organic imagery
We can feel how weary Lord Randal is and how he wants to lie down! we
can feel it through the question asked by his mother to him such as in line ..O
where have ye been, Lord Randal, my son but the Lord Randal just say ..i
dined will my true love;, mother, make my bed soon, For Im weary will hunting,
and fain wald lie down. These lines describe how tired Lord Randal is! This
imagery that is built by speaker calls our imagination up to feel as same as the
speaker.11
7. kinesthetic imagery
or joints. In the ghost house could be studied how the poet describes the
10
Laurence Perrine and Thomas R.A.P.P. op.cit, p.49
11
Ahmad Badrun , op cit, p. 54
6
kinesthetic imagery. The statement the black bats tumble and dart impress us
C. Figurative language
Figure of speech is the way to use language that says the power and
appeal, or both of them added.13 Figure of speech can increase or give the effects
prismatic, its means that poetry will present a lot of meaning or rich in meaning.
deviation from the strict literal sense of a word, on from the more commonly used
saying something other than the ordinary way 14, so we can say more by these
figurative statement rather than literal statement. Figure of speech offers another
way of adding extra dimension to language. There are many kinds of Figure of
Speech:
a) Metaphor
12
Ibid., p. 54
13
Jakob Sumardjo dan Saini K.M, Apreasi Kesusastraan. (Jakarta: Gramedia, 1986), p.127
14
Laurence Perrine and Thomas R.A.P.P, op.cit. p.61
7
metaphor is to compare two things unlike but have same quality.16 Metaphor like
create the comparison. Often the metaphor actually describes the subject being the
definitions explain that metaphor is figure of speech that compare two different
things directly without use a connective word such as like, as, if, similar to, etc.
He was comparing the word (my love) to a red rose. He did not say, Oh, my love
is like a red, red rose, but stated the comparison directly: oh, my love is a red,
red rose.
b) Simile
Like a metaphor, simile also compares two different things, but it uses a
15
Barnet, Silvian, Berman, Morton, and burto, William., An Introduction to Literature, (United
States of America: 1961), p. 63
16
Sapardi Djoko Damono, Bilang Begini, Maksudnya Begitu, Buku Apresiasi Sastra, (Ciputat :
2010), p.56
17
Croft, Steven and Cross Hellen, loc. cit. p. 56
18
XJ Kennedy and Dana Gioia., An Introduction to Poetry Eleventh Edition. (Longman, Pearson.
2005), p.121
8
some word or phrase, such as like, as, than, similar to, resembles, or seem 19. The
expressed by the specific use a word or phrase such as: like, as, than, seems or as
c) Personification
Personification comes from the Latin persona (of people, actors, actor) and
distinct human qualities, e.g., honesty, emotion, volition, tec., are attributed to an
Personification occur when poet attribute an inanimate object or abstract idea with
19
Laurence Perrine and Thomas R.A.P, loc.cit. p.61
20
Richard Ellemann and Robert Oclair, loc.cit. p.61
21
Laurence Perrine and Thomas R.A.P, op cit, p.64
9
How can a breath confront the battering ram of an invading army? But it is
man or woman.22
d) Hyperbole
The conclusion of the poem that has suggested that to swing on a birch
e) Apostrophe
ordinarily spoken to. In apostrophe, a poet may address an inanimate object, some
dead or absent person, an abstract thing, or a spirit. The poet uses apostrophe to
22
XJ Kennedy and Dana Gioia., loc cit, p.128
23
Croft, Steven and Cross Hellen, loc cit, p. 57
24
Laurence Perrine and Thomas R.A.P, op.cit, p.101
25
XJ Kennedy and Dana Gioia., loc cit, p.130
26
Ibid., p. 129
10
something nonhuman as if that person or thing were present and alive and could
f) Litotes
statement that the small-reduce, reduced from the actual reality. Usually used to
word ironically, to mean the opposite. For example: She is not the friendliest
g) Irony
Irony has a meaning that extends beyond its use merely as a figure of
speech.29 There are three kind of irony: Verbal Irony is a figure of speech when an
expression used is the opposite of the thought in the speakers mind, thus
literary or theatrical device of having character utter words which the reader or
himself is unaware. in dramatic irony, the discrepancy is not between what the
speaker says and what the speaker means but between what the speaker says and
27
Laurence Perrine and Thomas R.A.P, loc cit, p.56
28
Anonymous, litotes, http://usingenglish.com/glossary/litotes.html. p.1 ( Accessed on August 10th,
2010)
29
Laurence Perrine and Thomas R.A.P, loc cit, p.104
11
what the poem means. Irony of the situation is when a situation occurs which is
quite the reverse of what one might have expected. For example, when a character
30
Ibid., p.104
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH FINDINGS
To make a better literary competence in this research, the writer uses the
element that was used by Robert Frost, in order to have a good understanding
about the meanings of the poems. This chapter discusses about kinds of imagery
and figurative language, their meanings, and the explanation of the kind of
imagery and figurative language that appears in Robert Frosts To Earthward and
A. Data Description
in 1923. The poem consists of eight stanzas of four lines each. The poem splits in
the middle, temporally at least. The first four stanzas are about the past told about
what the speaker feel at the youth. The latter four stanzas are about the present,
The speakers described his experience with love, when he was young, all
things that were sweet: kisses, scents in the air (honeysuckle, musk and more), the
feel of a rose petal. Those sweet things were too much for him and make him like
lived on air. He was able to live off the scents in the air and gets the sense of a
1
19
2
"Now" are references to all about things that are salty in the poem that the
speakers feel. References to taste opposites (sweet vs. salty) are entirely
intentional, as the poet works uses all of his senses. Hes including smell, taste,
touch and sound as well. The speaker described when the happiness of love was
lost. He feels no jot like before and something lack salt to him. The salt of tears is
appears as the aftermath of having loved too much. The smell that he feels before
like the sweet smell of honeysuckle and musk now changed and felt like smell of
The speaker sits on the ground, his hand pressed flat to the earth, leaning
heavily on his arm, wrist flexed. When he stands, the pain and soreness he feels is
not enough for him; he wishes he could feel the roughness of the earth along the
full length of his body. Now, pain does not diminish his pleasure - and, in fact,
Types of
No Phrases Stanza Line Words
imagery
Wind and Window Flower is one of Robert Frost poems. This poem was
published in 1913. The poem consists of seven stanzas of four lines each. Wind
and Window Flower is a story of a man who falls in love with a woman who is to
different from himself and has his heart broken when she will not return his love.
The speaker described to the Lovers, forget your love for an instance, and listen to
the love of these two people. The characters in the poem are a Winter Breeze and
a Window Flower. The man is the Winter Breeze. This man is a man who comes
and goes; you never know exactly when he is coming or when he is going. He has
a cold presence to him. The woman is the Window Flower. This woman is a
mature, pretty, and warm woman. She is in full bloom, which means she has
Types of
No Phrases Stanza Line Words
imagery
Window
1. 1 3 Visual Imagery
She a window flower Flower
the pane
In analyzing the data, the writer analyzes imageries and figure of speech
which are found in several lines to understand the meanings of the poems. The
writer also will identify the words or phrases can build the imageries and figure of
1. Imagery in To Earthward
a) Visual imagery
The writer found the visual imagery in the second stanza, line 8:
From the above phrases, the writer identifies those lines as a visual
imagery. The phrases From hidden grapevine springs, Down hill at dusk? is an
utterance which invites the readers to use their sight senses organ to understand
the speakers idea and it deals with visual imagery that recreates our minds eyes.
This line described about the flow of musk from hidden grapevine in the spring.
The next line, down hill at dusk, describes about when the flow of musk
happen. This line contains visual imagery because this line brings the readers to
see the image of the flow of musk that down hill at dusk.
From the two lines of visual imagery above, the writer finds the picture of
the flow of musk that down hill at dusk from hidden grapevine spring. In these
lines, Frost builds imagery by literal imagery. He uses daily words to shows what
From the above phrase, the writer identifies those lines as a visual
imagery. The phrase The petal of the rose describes about how the petal of the
rose that was stung. The writer considers that the petal of the rose can be
classified into visual imagery. This line describes about something beautiful and
many people like a rose. This line also brings the readers to see the image petal of
the rose, although rose is known as a beautiful flower, but it has thorn that can
wound.
From the two lines of visual imagery above, the writer finds the picture of
the petal of the rose. In these lines, Frost builds imagery by literal imagery. He
uses daily words to shows what he wants to tell us about the petal of the rose.
b) Gustatory imagery
The speaker uses a gustatory imagery in the beginning of the poem when
the speaker tries to give the readers imagination about what the speaker feels. This
By using gustatory imagery, the speaker tries to bring the readers into the
speakers taste. The speaker uses word Sweet to give imagination what the
speaker could taste when the love was touched by the lips. This line contains
8
gustatory imagery that describes what the speaker feels at the first, when love was
touch at the lips, he could felt sweet too much and make him like lived on air.
This line brings the readers to imagine the taste of sweet that the speaker feels in
the poem.
From the lines of gustatory imagery above, the speaker awakens by tasting
of sweet when love at the lips was touch; Frost builds imagery by literal imagery.
The speaker also describes the gustatory imagery in this poem by making
From the above phrase, the writer analyzes them as gustatory imagery. The
word that shows a gustatory imagery in this line is represented by the word
sweet, it means that our imagery is built by that word and the speaker guides the
readers to imagine what the speaker feels in this poem that is sweet.
In the fourth stanza line 13, the speaker also uses gustatory imagery to
describe about taste in this poem. The speaker feels strong sweet when he was
young:
From the above phrase, the writer analyzes this as gustatory imagery. The
word that shows a gustatory imagery in this line is represented by the word
9
sweet that means that the word guides the readers to imagine the taste of sweet
The speaker also uses gustatory imagery in the fifth stanza, line 17 which
The above phrase impresses us about the taste of salt as the speaker feel
now no joy and lack salt to him. It can be classified into gustatory imagery. The
word that contains a gustatory imagery in this line is represented by the word
salt, which brings the readers to imagine of what the speaker feels in this poem.
Then, the speaker also uses gustatory imagery in the sixth stanzas, line 23:
The phrase of The sweet of bitter bark and burning clove show the taste
of sense, these lines contain gustatory imagery that described about something
dislike, the speaker feels the taste sweet of bitter bark and burning clove. It
happens because love too much to his girlfriend. When he feels the pain, the
happiness is lost and he feels the sweet of bitter bark and burning clove.
c) Olfactory imagery
Olfactory imagery can also be seen in the poem in the second stanzas, line
six:
The above phrase shows that the speaker uses his smell sense to describe
the event that he caught and translated it to his smell sense. The word that shows
olfactory imagery in this line is represented by the word musk. This line
contains olfactory imagery that described about smell sense of musk. This line
brings the readers to smell the aroma of musk that flow from hidden grapevine
spring.
Furthermore, olfactory imagery is also found in the third stanzas, line 10:
The writer identifies that the above phrase is to describe the speakers
smell sense. The word that shows olfactory imagery in this line is represented by
the word honeysuckle. This line contains olfactory imagery that describes about
smell sense of honeysuckle. This line brings the readers to smell the aroma of the
spray of honeysuckle.
Finally, the writer also identified that the phrase And burning clove, in
the six stanza line 24 used by the speaker to described his smell sense. The
speaker invites the readers to feel the aroma of burning clove, so it can be
classified into olfactory imagery. This line contains olfactory imagery that
described about smell sense of burning clove. This line brings the readers to smell
d) Organic imagery
Organic imagery also can be found in Robert Frosts poem To Earthward,
internal sensation. The speaker invites the readers to imagine what he feels now
no joy and lack salt fully with pain. These lines contain organic imagery that
describes about the pain that the speaker feel in the poem. He feels no joy and
everything lacks salt. These lines show the pain of the speaker after he feels no
joy and lack salt to him. This imagery that is built by the speaker calls our
Based on the writer identification, the phrases above are classified into
organic imagery, because these phrases build up internal sensation. The word
which shows organic imagery is hurt. The speaker invites the readers to imagine
what he feels. He feels hurt but it is not enough. These lines describe the hurt of
the speaker after he feels no joy again and lack salt. This imagery that is built by
a) Hyperbole
In the first stanza, the speaker use hyperbole to describe his feeling.
From the phrases above, the speaker exaggerates his feeling of love by
using the word sweet and too much and make him like lived on air. The
speaker uses hyperbole by the words I lived on air. In fact, the speaker lives on
the earth but his feeling makes him like lived on air. The writer argues that
feels sweet when love at the lips was touch, and once seemed too much for him,
In the last stanza, the speaker also uses hyperbole; by using the words to
From the phrases above, the speaker exaggerated what the speaker feel
about the earth as rough to all his length. The words that show hyperbole are
represented by to all my length. In fact, the speaker feels hurt not to all his
length. The writer argues that the hyperbole is used to make an effect of
13
exaggeration in the poem. This line contains hyperbole that exaggerated that he
a) Visual Imagery
The writer finds the visual imagery in the first stanza, in the third line from
flower). The speaker invites the reader to see a window flower; the visual imagery
in this line is represented by the word window flower. This line brings the
readers to see the image of the window flower in the poem. This woman is
The phrase above contains the visual imagery; in this case, the speaker
develops the visual imagery by using figurative language, metaphor. The speaker
makes a comparison between she and window flower. The readers can see the
The visual imagery can also be found in the second stanza, line 5-6:
The above phrase shows that the speaker invites the readers to see about
the condition of the frosty window veil that was melted down at the noon. The
words that show visual imagery are melted down. These words guide the readers
to imagine that the frosty window veil that was melted down at noon. These lines
14
contain visual imagery that describe about how the frosty window veil was melted
In the second stanza, line 7-8, Frost also uses visual imagery:
The visual imagery is described in this line by the word yellow, which
means that our imagination is built by that word. These lines contain visual
imagery that describes about the caged yellow bird hung over in her tune. These
lines bring the readers to see the image of the yellow bird hung over in her tune.
In the third stanza, line 9-10 Frost shows another visual imagery:
These lines contain visual imagery that described about the condition
when he (winter wind) come to window flower, but he just marked her through by
the pane and he could not help but just give a mark. These lines show visual
imagery by the word pane, which means that readers imagination are guided to
imagine he (winter wind) that gave a sign to window flower through the pane.
These lines bring the readers to see the image of winter wind when he cant do
anything; he only can give a sign to her (window flower) through the pane. He
also cant help her and just give a mark when he comes to window flower and
The lines contain visual imagery that described about a man (winter wind).
The speaker invites the reader to see a winter wind that concerned with ice and
snow. The visual imagery in this line is represented by the words ice and snow.
This line brings the readers to see the image of the winter wind that concerned
The phrase above contains the visual imagery; in this case, the speaker
develops the visual imagery by using figurative language metaphor. The speaker
makes a comparison between he and winter wind. The readers can see the image
of winter wind that described as a man in this poem that concerned with ice and
snow. The writer can conclude that the visual imagery in this line is developed
b) Auditory Imagery
Auditory imagery also can be found in Wind and Window Flower in the
From the phrases above, the word tune shows auditory imagery which
means that our imagination of sound is built by that word. This line contains
auditory imagery that invites the readers to hear the sound of tune that produced
a) Metaphor
In Wind and Window Flower poem, the speaker uses metaphor as in the
From the above phrases, the speaker uses metaphor in comparing two
things: she and window flower and he and winter wind. The speaker describes a
window flower as a woman and winter wind as a man. These phrases described
From the above phrases, the speaker used metaphor in comparing two
things, the flower compared to a caged yellow bird. The metaphor gives the
readers a sense that the window flower feels trapped, and this condition is like the
b) Personification
The speaker personifies a winter breeze in the fifth stanzas in the first line:
Here, the speaker gives an attributing human being. The word he above
refers to Winter Breeze. The speaker describes the Winter Breeze sighed upon the
sill. The line that contains personification is represented by the phrase But he
From the above phrase, the speaker gives an attribute of human being to
the flower. The speaker describes the flower leaned aside. The line that contains
personification is represented by the phrase but the flower leaned aside. Frost
is used to visualize the object (the flower) in human being. On the poem, Frost
gives attribute of human being to the flower as if it is human that could lean aside
and think about. The speaker describes about the flower leaned aside and thought
of naught to say.
c) Hyperbole
The writer also finds hyperbole in the last stanza. As we know, hyperbole
From the above phrases, the speaker exaggerates that morning found the
breeze a hundred miles away. The words that contain hyperbole are represented
hundred miles away. The writer argues that hyperbole uses to make an effect of
describe when the morning comes; the breeze leaves the window flower.
CHAPTER 1V
A. CONCLUSION
To understand the poem in detail, the readers have to know the elements in
the poem, such as intrinsic elements. Some important elements in a poem are
imagery and figurative language. Imagery refers to the picture that we perceive
with our minds eyes, ears, nose, tongue, skin, and though we experience the
duplicate word created by poetic language. Imagery evokes the meaning and the
truth of human experiences not only in abstract term, as in philosophy, but also in
more perfectible and tangible forms. This is a device by which the poet makes his
meaning strong, clear and sure. The speaker uses sound word and word of color
Robert frosts poems with the title To Earthward and Wind and Window
Flower contain the deep meaning. Imagery in each poem is the developed from
word of choice that are concrete and specific. The speaker uses imagery in his
poem in order to make the readers feel the authors feeling in the poem.
The writer concludes that the imagery and figurative language in two
poems by Robert Frost describes every subject and activity in those poems. He
1
2
There are only four imageries found in To Earthward from seven types of
imagery. They are visual imagery, auditory imagery, olfactory imagery, and
in Wind and Window Flower, Robert Frost uses a visual imagery and
auditory imagery as imagery. Robert frost also uses metaphor, personification and
B. SUGGESTIONS
Through this study, the writer suggests the readers who are interested in
understand his poems from different aspects such as explication, theme, tone and
mood, rime, etc. This because there are many other ideas and messages that can be
Finally, the writer hopes this thesis can give a positive contribution for the
readers who want to know the poem and help the readers to have better
English letters department, letters and humanity faculty, state Islamic university of
Jakarta.
3
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Damono, Sapardi Djoko, Susastra 5: Jurnal Ilmu Sastra dan Budaya .Depok:
Himpunan Sarjana-Kesusastraan indonesia, 2007.
Damono, Sapardi Djoko, Bilang Begini, Maksudnya Begitu, Buku Apresiasi
Sastra, Ciputat: Editum, 2010.
Drs.Ahmad Badrun, Pengantar Ilmu Sastra, Surabaya: Usaha Nasional, 2000.
38
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Damono, Sapardi Djoko, Susastra 5: Jurnal Ilmu Sastra dan Budaya .Depok:
Himpunan Sarjana-Kesusastraan indonesia, 2007.
Damono, Sapardi Djoko, Bilang Begini, Maksudnya Begitu, Buku Apresiasi
Sastra, Ciputat: Editum, 2010.
11
APPENDIX